Aids and its treatment
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
3 likes•678 views
AIDS was first reported in 1981 and has since killed over 25 million people worldwide. It is caused by the HIV virus, which was likely transmitted to humans from chimpanzees in Central Africa. HIV targets and destroys CD4+ T cells of the immune system, ultimately weakening the body's ability to fight infections and disease. While drug cocktails can suppress HIV and prolong life, there is currently no cure as the virus is highly mutable and exhibits frequent antigenic variations. Researchers are exploring immunotherapy and stem cell gene therapy approaches to achieve a permanent cure for AIDS.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
AIDS
The document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV is a virus that causes AIDS by infecting helper T cells. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS.
- AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely damaged and people are vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
- HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be contracted through unprotected sex, needle sharing, or from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding.
- The stages of HIV infection progress from initial infection, to asymptomatic infection where the virus is dormant, to symptomatic infection where AIDS develops without treatment.
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which impairs the immune system. HIV specifically targets CD4+ T cells (helper T cells). The virus can be transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids. The natural course of HIV infection progresses from primary infection with flu-like symptoms, to asymptomatic latency period that can last 10 years, to symptomatic stage as the immune system deteriorates, and finally AIDS when opportunistic infections take hold. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can control the virus and prevent transmission.
Human retroviruses
Human Retroviruses are RNA viruses that contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase, allowing them to convert their RNA genome into DNA. The two major genera that affect humans are Lentiviruses, which include HIV-1 and HIV-2, and HTLV-BLV group, which includes HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. HIV binds host cells via gp120, enters via fusion, reverse transcribes into DNA then integrates into the host genome. It replicates using host cell machinery. Infection can lead to AIDS as CD4+ T cells are depleted. Opportunistic infections are treated with antiretrovirals that target reverse transcriptase and protease.
AIDS
HIV causes AIDS by infecting immune cells and weakening the immune system. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be prevented by safe sex practices and not sharing needles. The virus attaches to CD4 receptors and integrates its DNA into host cells. This leads to reduced CD4 counts and opportunistic infections defining AIDS. Treatment involves antiretrovirals that target different stages of the viral lifecycle to suppress the virus and ART to control the disease.
Immunoprophylaxis
This document discusses immunoprophylaxis and vaccination. It defines prophylaxis and vaccine preventable diseases. There are two types of immunization: active and passive. Active immunization involves inducing immunity through vaccination and works through humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccines can be live attenuated, killed/inactivated, toxoids, cellular fractions, subunit vaccines, or recombinant vaccines. Passive immunization provides immediate short-term protection through administration of antibodies or immunoglobulins. The document also discusses vaccination schedules and recent vaccination missions.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
HEPATITIS
#Hepatitis#definition#virus#types #hepatitis A#hepatitis B#hepatitis c #hepatitis D#hepatitis E#signs #symptoms#liver#effected by hepatitis#picture presentation of each type#treatment#vaccines#prevention from disease
#world hepatitis day
Auto immune disease
This document presents information about autoimmune diseases from MD. Zahirul Islam. It defines autoimmune disease as a condition where the body produces antibodies that attack its own tissues, leading to damage. It provides examples of common autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. The document notes there are two main types - systemic disorders involving non-specific autoantibodies and local disorders targeting specific tissues. It discusses the most common organs and tissues affected by autoimmune diseases and describes methods of diagnosis and treatment options for some conditions.
Recommended
AIDS
The document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV is a virus that causes AIDS by infecting helper T cells. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS.
- AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely damaged and people are vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
- HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be contracted through unprotected sex, needle sharing, or from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding.
- The stages of HIV infection progress from initial infection, to asymptomatic infection where the virus is dormant, to symptomatic infection where AIDS develops without treatment.
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which impairs the immune system. HIV specifically targets CD4+ T cells (helper T cells). The virus can be transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids. The natural course of HIV infection progresses from primary infection with flu-like symptoms, to asymptomatic latency period that can last 10 years, to symptomatic stage as the immune system deteriorates, and finally AIDS when opportunistic infections take hold. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can control the virus and prevent transmission.
Human retroviruses
Human Retroviruses are RNA viruses that contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase, allowing them to convert their RNA genome into DNA. The two major genera that affect humans are Lentiviruses, which include HIV-1 and HIV-2, and HTLV-BLV group, which includes HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. HIV binds host cells via gp120, enters via fusion, reverse transcribes into DNA then integrates into the host genome. It replicates using host cell machinery. Infection can lead to AIDS as CD4+ T cells are depleted. Opportunistic infections are treated with antiretrovirals that target reverse transcriptase and protease.
AIDS
HIV causes AIDS by infecting immune cells and weakening the immune system. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be prevented by safe sex practices and not sharing needles. The virus attaches to CD4 receptors and integrates its DNA into host cells. This leads to reduced CD4 counts and opportunistic infections defining AIDS. Treatment involves antiretrovirals that target different stages of the viral lifecycle to suppress the virus and ART to control the disease.
Immunoprophylaxis
This document discusses immunoprophylaxis and vaccination. It defines prophylaxis and vaccine preventable diseases. There are two types of immunization: active and passive. Active immunization involves inducing immunity through vaccination and works through humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccines can be live attenuated, killed/inactivated, toxoids, cellular fractions, subunit vaccines, or recombinant vaccines. Passive immunization provides immediate short-term protection through administration of antibodies or immunoglobulins. The document also discusses vaccination schedules and recent vaccination missions.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
HEPATITIS
#Hepatitis#definition#virus#types #hepatitis A#hepatitis B#hepatitis c #hepatitis D#hepatitis E#signs #symptoms#liver#effected by hepatitis#picture presentation of each type#treatment#vaccines#prevention from disease
#world hepatitis day
Auto immune disease
This document presents information about autoimmune diseases from MD. Zahirul Islam. It defines autoimmune disease as a condition where the body produces antibodies that attack its own tissues, leading to damage. It provides examples of common autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. The document notes there are two main types - systemic disorders involving non-specific autoantibodies and local disorders targeting specific tissues. It discusses the most common organs and tissues affected by autoimmune diseases and describes methods of diagnosis and treatment options for some conditions.
Principles of Vaccination
This document discusses the principles of vaccination. It covers:
- Active and passive immunity and how they are obtained naturally or artificially through vaccination or antibody transfer.
- The components of vaccines, including antigens, antibodies, and epitopes.
- The different types of vaccines such as live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, subunit, and polysaccharide vaccines.
- How vaccines work to produce immunity through replication or exposure to antigens without causing disease.
- The development process, safety testing, and surveillance of new vaccines.
Immunodeficiency ppt
This document provides information on various primary immunodeficiency disorders including common variable immunodeficiency, selective immunoglobulin deficiency, transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, DiGeorge syndrome, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, hyper-IgM syndrome, hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency, and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Each disorder is described in terms of its cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Primary immunodeficiencies are hereditary disorders that impair the immune
Poliovirus
Poliovirus is an enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family that causes the disease poliomyelitis. It has a positive-sense RNA genome and protein capsid. There are three serotypes of poliovirus that share 36-52% genetic homology. Poliovirus is usually transmitted through the fecal-oral route or oral-oral contact with infected stool or respiratory secretions. It infects the gastrointestinal tract and in rare cases enters the central nervous system, where it can cause paralysis. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, headache, and muscle weakness. Treatment involves vaccination with the inactivated Salk vaccine or attenuated Sabin vaccine to prevent the spread of polio.
Polio vaccines - types and differences
A description of different types of vaccines to prevent poliomyelitis and the differences between them.
01.02 biology of hiv
HIV is a retrovirus with an RNA genome that causes AIDS. It has two types, HIV-1 which causes the worldwide pandemic and HIV-2 which is found mainly in West Africa. HIV-1 has many subtypes that differ in their geographic distribution. The virus has an outer membrane with glycoprotein spikes that allow it to bind to and enter host cells. It contains enzymes like reverse transcriptase and integrase that help its replication cycle of binding to host cells, integrating its genetic material into the host DNA, producing new viral proteins and particles, and ultimately destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. Antiretroviral drugs target specific stages of this replication cycle to suppress the virus.
Types of vaccines
Types of Vaccines with live attenuated, inactivated up to recombination technique. OPV and IPV difference and rationale to replace OPV with IPV. EPI schedule of nepal
Antigen antibody reactions
The document discusses antigen-antibody reactions, including:
1) Antigens and antibodies specifically bind to each other through epitopes and paratopes in what is known as the antigen-antibody reaction.
2) This reaction occurs in three stages - formation of antigen-antibody complexes, visible events like precipitation or agglutination, and destruction or neutralization of antigens.
3) Examples of techniques using antigen-antibody reactions include precipitation reactions, agglutination reactions, complement fixation, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. These reactions form the basis of serological tests.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. It affects the liver and kidneys, causing symptoms like fever, headache, muscle aches and vomiting in the early stages. Later stages can involve more severe symptoms like jaundice and bleeding. Diagnosis is made through blood tests detecting antibodies or viral RNA. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and supportive care. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, providing long-term immunity against the disease. Reducing mosquito populations through vector control also helps limit transmission.
HIV/Aids
The document provides an overview of HIV/AIDS, including its history, origin, life cycle, types, statistics, transmission, prevention, and treatment. It begins with definitions of HIV/AIDS, noting it attacks CD4 cells and destroys the immune system. It then discusses the early origins and identification of AIDS in the 1980s and various theories for the origin of HIV. It provides details on the life cycle and types of HIV viruses. Statistics on global prevalence and transmission methods like unprotected sex, needle sharing, and mother-to-child are presented. The document concludes with sections on prevention, treatment, and ICTC centers.
POLIO VACCINE
The document discusses the history and development of the polio vaccine. It describes how the polio vaccine was created to prevent polio, a viral disease that causes paralysis. There are two main types of polio vaccines - the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) developed by Jonas Salk, and the oral polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Albert Sabin. The IPV uses dead virus and is administered via injection, while the OPV uses live attenuated virus and is taken orally. Widespread use of polio vaccines has nearly eradicated the disease globally.
Types of immunity
Immunity is the ability of the body to protect against all types of foreign bodies like bacteria, virus, toxic substances etc. As it protects us from diseases it is also called disease resistance. Immunity is done by immune system which is a complex network of lymphoid organs such as bone marrow, thymus, spleen etc. It is mainly of two types- Natural and Acquired immunity.
Arthropode infection
Arthropods form a major group of disease vectors with mosquitoes, flies, sand flies, lice, fleas, ticks and mites transmitting a huge number of diseases.
Introduction to Virology
General Characters and Classification of Viruses. Includes ICTV classification and Baltimore classification of viruses. A brief explanation of the Viral structure and Lifecycle.
Polio vaccine
The document discusses the poliovirus, which causes poliomyelitis (polio). It causes paralysis in about 1% of cases. Two main vaccines were developed - the live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) by Albert Sabin in the 1950s and the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) by Jonas Salk in the 1950s. OPV uses weakened live virus and provides both intestinal and serum immunity but carries a small risk of vaccine-derived polio. IPV uses killed virus and provides only serum immunity but is very safe. Both vaccines have been highly effective at reducing polio worldwide.
HIV AIDS
This document provides an overview of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that causes it. It discusses how HIV breaks down the immune system, leaving those infected vulnerable to life-threatening infections. The document outlines the history of the HIV epidemic and how it has affected both developed and developing countries. It also summarizes HIV transmission routes, clinical stages of infection from initial exposure to AIDS, diagnostic testing approaches, treatment options including antiretroviral drugs, prevention strategies, and healthcare follow-up for those living with HIV/AIDS.
HIV infection (AIDS)
HIV infection
Mode of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, prognosis, scope of AIDS vaccine.
HIV
HIV is a virus that infects and destroys cells of the immune system. It progresses to AIDS if untreated, defined by a CD4 count below 200 or opportunistic infections. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids and progresses from initial infection, to asymptomatic clinical latency for around 10 years, to symptomatic disease as the immune system deteriorates. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load testing. While there is no cure, treatment with antiretroviral drugs can suppress the virus. Prevention strategies include condom use, sterile needle use, monogamy, and abstinence from high risk activities.
antibodies ppt
antibodies are a large proteins. based on electrophorosis and centrifugation anti bodies are mainly five types .these are protects on human body from various microorganisms.
Antigen antibody reactions
This document discusses immunity and antigen-antibody reactions. It begins with definitions of immunity, antigens, and antibodies. It describes the components of the immune system including antigen specificity and types of antigens. It then explains antigen-antibody reactions and how they are used for diagnostic tests. Different diagnostic tests are also summarized, including precipitation reactions, agglutination, immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay, and ELISA. Potential sources of markers for periodontal disease activity are also listed.
Immunodeficiency disorders,2010
Immunodeficiency disorders are associated with defects or impairments in immune function that can be congenital or acquired. Primary immunodeficiency diseases involve genetic defects affecting B cell, T cell, or phagocytic cell development. Common symptoms include recurrent infections, failure to thrive, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. HIV/AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency disorder that progressively weakens the immune system by attacking CD4 cells, leaving the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
Deepankar aids
This document is a history of medicine project on the treatment of AIDS. It discusses how AIDS was first reported in 1981 and has since killed over 25 million people. It is caused by the HIV virus. The document then covers the stages of HIV infection and treatment options for AIDS including highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), immunotherapy, and stem cell therapy. However, it notes that there is currently no permanent cure for AIDS due to the high mutability of the HIV virus.
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is severe HIV infection.
There were 940,000 deaths from AIDS in 2017.
Lancet estimated that global incidence of HIV infection peaked in 1997 at 3.3 million/year.
More Related Content
What's hot
Principles of Vaccination
This document discusses the principles of vaccination. It covers:
- Active and passive immunity and how they are obtained naturally or artificially through vaccination or antibody transfer.
- The components of vaccines, including antigens, antibodies, and epitopes.
- The different types of vaccines such as live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, subunit, and polysaccharide vaccines.
- How vaccines work to produce immunity through replication or exposure to antigens without causing disease.
- The development process, safety testing, and surveillance of new vaccines.
Immunodeficiency ppt
This document provides information on various primary immunodeficiency disorders including common variable immunodeficiency, selective immunoglobulin deficiency, transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, DiGeorge syndrome, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, hyper-IgM syndrome, hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency, and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Each disorder is described in terms of its cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Primary immunodeficiencies are hereditary disorders that impair the immune
Poliovirus
Poliovirus is an enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family that causes the disease poliomyelitis. It has a positive-sense RNA genome and protein capsid. There are three serotypes of poliovirus that share 36-52% genetic homology. Poliovirus is usually transmitted through the fecal-oral route or oral-oral contact with infected stool or respiratory secretions. It infects the gastrointestinal tract and in rare cases enters the central nervous system, where it can cause paralysis. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, headache, and muscle weakness. Treatment involves vaccination with the inactivated Salk vaccine or attenuated Sabin vaccine to prevent the spread of polio.
Polio vaccines - types and differences
A description of different types of vaccines to prevent poliomyelitis and the differences between them.
01.02 biology of hiv
HIV is a retrovirus with an RNA genome that causes AIDS. It has two types, HIV-1 which causes the worldwide pandemic and HIV-2 which is found mainly in West Africa. HIV-1 has many subtypes that differ in their geographic distribution. The virus has an outer membrane with glycoprotein spikes that allow it to bind to and enter host cells. It contains enzymes like reverse transcriptase and integrase that help its replication cycle of binding to host cells, integrating its genetic material into the host DNA, producing new viral proteins and particles, and ultimately destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. Antiretroviral drugs target specific stages of this replication cycle to suppress the virus.
Types of vaccines
Types of Vaccines with live attenuated, inactivated up to recombination technique. OPV and IPV difference and rationale to replace OPV with IPV. EPI schedule of nepal
Antigen antibody reactions
The document discusses antigen-antibody reactions, including:
1) Antigens and antibodies specifically bind to each other through epitopes and paratopes in what is known as the antigen-antibody reaction.
2) This reaction occurs in three stages - formation of antigen-antibody complexes, visible events like precipitation or agglutination, and destruction or neutralization of antigens.
3) Examples of techniques using antigen-antibody reactions include precipitation reactions, agglutination reactions, complement fixation, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. These reactions form the basis of serological tests.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is caused by a virus transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. It affects the liver and kidneys, causing symptoms like fever, headache, muscle aches and vomiting in the early stages. Later stages can involve more severe symptoms like jaundice and bleeding. Diagnosis is made through blood tests detecting antibodies or viral RNA. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and supportive care. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, providing long-term immunity against the disease. Reducing mosquito populations through vector control also helps limit transmission.
HIV/Aids
The document provides an overview of HIV/AIDS, including its history, origin, life cycle, types, statistics, transmission, prevention, and treatment. It begins with definitions of HIV/AIDS, noting it attacks CD4 cells and destroys the immune system. It then discusses the early origins and identification of AIDS in the 1980s and various theories for the origin of HIV. It provides details on the life cycle and types of HIV viruses. Statistics on global prevalence and transmission methods like unprotected sex, needle sharing, and mother-to-child are presented. The document concludes with sections on prevention, treatment, and ICTC centers.
POLIO VACCINE
The document discusses the history and development of the polio vaccine. It describes how the polio vaccine was created to prevent polio, a viral disease that causes paralysis. There are two main types of polio vaccines - the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) developed by Jonas Salk, and the oral polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Albert Sabin. The IPV uses dead virus and is administered via injection, while the OPV uses live attenuated virus and is taken orally. Widespread use of polio vaccines has nearly eradicated the disease globally.
Types of immunity
Immunity is the ability of the body to protect against all types of foreign bodies like bacteria, virus, toxic substances etc. As it protects us from diseases it is also called disease resistance. Immunity is done by immune system which is a complex network of lymphoid organs such as bone marrow, thymus, spleen etc. It is mainly of two types- Natural and Acquired immunity.
Arthropode infection
Arthropods form a major group of disease vectors with mosquitoes, flies, sand flies, lice, fleas, ticks and mites transmitting a huge number of diseases.
Introduction to Virology
General Characters and Classification of Viruses. Includes ICTV classification and Baltimore classification of viruses. A brief explanation of the Viral structure and Lifecycle.
Polio vaccine
The document discusses the poliovirus, which causes poliomyelitis (polio). It causes paralysis in about 1% of cases. Two main vaccines were developed - the live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) by Albert Sabin in the 1950s and the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) by Jonas Salk in the 1950s. OPV uses weakened live virus and provides both intestinal and serum immunity but carries a small risk of vaccine-derived polio. IPV uses killed virus and provides only serum immunity but is very safe. Both vaccines have been highly effective at reducing polio worldwide.
HIV AIDS
This document provides an overview of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that causes it. It discusses how HIV breaks down the immune system, leaving those infected vulnerable to life-threatening infections. The document outlines the history of the HIV epidemic and how it has affected both developed and developing countries. It also summarizes HIV transmission routes, clinical stages of infection from initial exposure to AIDS, diagnostic testing approaches, treatment options including antiretroviral drugs, prevention strategies, and healthcare follow-up for those living with HIV/AIDS.
HIV infection (AIDS)
HIV infection
Mode of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, prognosis, scope of AIDS vaccine.
HIV
HIV is a virus that infects and destroys cells of the immune system. It progresses to AIDS if untreated, defined by a CD4 count below 200 or opportunistic infections. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids and progresses from initial infection, to asymptomatic clinical latency for around 10 years, to symptomatic disease as the immune system deteriorates. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load testing. While there is no cure, treatment with antiretroviral drugs can suppress the virus. Prevention strategies include condom use, sterile needle use, monogamy, and abstinence from high risk activities.
antibodies ppt
antibodies are a large proteins. based on electrophorosis and centrifugation anti bodies are mainly five types .these are protects on human body from various microorganisms.
Antigen antibody reactions
This document discusses immunity and antigen-antibody reactions. It begins with definitions of immunity, antigens, and antibodies. It describes the components of the immune system including antigen specificity and types of antigens. It then explains antigen-antibody reactions and how they are used for diagnostic tests. Different diagnostic tests are also summarized, including precipitation reactions, agglutination, immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay, and ELISA. Potential sources of markers for periodontal disease activity are also listed.
Immunodeficiency disorders,2010
Immunodeficiency disorders are associated with defects or impairments in immune function that can be congenital or acquired. Primary immunodeficiency diseases involve genetic defects affecting B cell, T cell, or phagocytic cell development. Common symptoms include recurrent infections, failure to thrive, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. HIV/AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency disorder that progressively weakens the immune system by attacking CD4 cells, leaving the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Aids and its treatment
Deepankar aids
This document is a history of medicine project on the treatment of AIDS. It discusses how AIDS was first reported in 1981 and has since killed over 25 million people. It is caused by the HIV virus. The document then covers the stages of HIV infection and treatment options for AIDS including highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), immunotherapy, and stem cell therapy. However, it notes that there is currently no permanent cure for AIDS due to the high mutability of the HIV virus.
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is severe HIV infection.
There were 940,000 deaths from AIDS in 2017.
Lancet estimated that global incidence of HIV infection peaked in 1997 at 3.3 million/year.
Hivaids, racing to the finish point
HIV/AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which attacks CD4 T-cells and weakens the immune system. This leaves individuals vulnerable to opportunistic infections. While there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral drug combinations can suppress the virus and allow immune recovery. However, HIV persists in reservoirs and treatment must continue to prevent resurgence. Prevention efforts focus on behavior changes like abstinence and condom use as well as reducing needle sharing. Access to treatment varies globally and developing nations often lack resources for advanced therapies available elsewhere. Education has helped curb transmission in some African countries but challenges remain in combating misinformation and harmful practices.
AIDS and HEPATITIS
This document provides an overview of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Hepatitis. It discusses the definition, incidence, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and prevention of AIDS. It also covers the classification, causes, pathology, features, investigations, and treatment of various types of Hepatitis including Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.
Management of patient with AIDS
This document provides information on managing patients with AIDS. It discusses the introduction and global impact of HIV/AIDS. It then covers basic facts about HIV and AIDS, including causative agents, transmission, clinical staging, opportunistic infections, cancers, and complications. The remainder of the document outlines diagnosis, treatment, nursing management including common nursing diagnoses, and prevention of HIV/AIDS. It aims to inform on all aspects of caring for patients living with HIV/AIDS.
HIV UPDATE TREATMENT
The document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including:
1) It describes what HIV and AIDS are, how HIV causes AIDS by compromising the immune system over time.
2) It provides statistics on HIV infections in the US since 1981, including that 1 in 5 people living with HIV are unaware of their status.
3) It summarizes research showing that HIV likely originated from transmission from chimpanzees to humans in the early 20th century.
4) It lists symptoms that can emerge when HIV progresses to AIDS and compromises the immune system.
Anti-HIV standard regimens and newer drugs
all the data presented in this presentation is authentic from WHO website and Pharmacology book goodman gillman's Basic of therapeutics
Hiv
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an enveloped RNA virus that infects and destroys CD4+ T cells of the immune system. HIV belongs to the retrovirus family and has two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV replication involves binding to CD4 receptors on cells, integration into the host genome, and production of new virus particles. Infection progresses to AIDS as CD4 cells are depleted. There is currently no cure for HIV/AIDS, but treatment with antiretroviral drugs can suppress the virus and prolong life.
Journal Reading Stem Cell dengan HIV (sharon)
1) Studies in murine and macaque models show that genetically modifying CD4+ T-cells to disrupt CCR5, the main HIV coreceptor, provides a selective advantage over non-modified cells and significantly reduces plasma viremia. However, a source of residual viral reservoir remains.
2) Two HIV patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation from CCR5-negative donors have remained virus-free for nearly 4 years after transplantation while kept on antiretroviral therapy (ART), suggesting genetic modification may not be necessary if ART is completely suppressive.
3) Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a promising curative approach for HIV, but the timing of ART interruption
2.HIV infections.ppt
This document provides information about HIV infections and AIDS. It begins by describing HIV and AIDS, noting it was first recognized in 1981 and is caused by the HIV virus. It then discusses epidemiology, stating that as of 2000 there were an estimated 36 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide and 4 million in India. The document goes on to describe the normal immune system, how HIV works including its lifecycle, and the stages of HIV infection from primary infection through disease progression. It also covers transmission methods, high risk groups, viral structure, diagnosis, oral manifestations, and prevention.
Hiv
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an enveloped RNA virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It belongs to the retrovirus family and there are two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells of the immune system, ultimately weakening the body's ability to fight infections and disease. Common routes of transmission include sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. While antiretroviral treatment can slow the progression of the disease, there is currently no cure for HIV/AIDS.
Hiv infection
The document provides an overview of HIV and AIDS, including:
- HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS if untreated. There are two types, HIV-1 being more prevalent.
- It is typically transmitted sexually, through blood/needles, or mother-to-child. Diagnosis involves antibody tests like ELISA and confirmation with Western Blot.
- If left untreated, it can take 10-15 years for HIV to develop into AIDS. Antiretroviral treatment can slow disease progression. Current global statistics and highest prevalence areas are mentioned.
HIV (Durgapur Steel Plant Hospital) 01 dec 09
This document discusses HIV/AIDS, including transmission, testing, treatment, and comprehensive care approaches. It provides details on:
- How HIV enters the body, common routes of transmission, and viral load in different body fluids.
- The stages of HIV infection and testing methods, including the window period and antibody response.
- Treatment options like HAART and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
- Components of comprehensive care including medical, psychological, and socioeconomic support, with an emphasis on prevention and respect for human rights.
A Review AIDS
AIDS is a syndrome in which the body undergoes the loss of cellular immunity which lower the body’s ability to fight against disease. The cause of AIDS is a retrovirus called Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV . The symptoms of AIDS usually start from 3 6 weeks and are mild symptoms like fever, rash, swollen glands, and body ache which are followed by characteristic AIDS symptoms which may appear within 10 years of infection. In world till 2017 genome sequencing of the virus, sub typing of the virus, recombinant forms of the virus has been deeply discovered and studied which helps in better diagnosis and in choosing the strategies for treatment. The objective of this review is to give a brief history and current picture of HIV prevalence and describe its pathophysiology and modes of transmission. And how it is diagnosed, sign and symptoms, treatment and how it can be prevented. Ch. Teshil Maring | Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: AIDS" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45188.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45188/a-review-aids/ch-teshil-maring
Microbiology hiv-yf
This document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including its history, virology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It describes how HIV was first identified in 1981 as the cause of AIDS, belongs to the retrovirus family, and has two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Over 30 million people have died of AIDS since 1981, and approximately 2.5 million people are newly infected with HIV each year.
1. HIV/AIDS & STIs Complete Notes presentation
These are detailed and illustrated notes on HIV/AIDS and STIs. Helpful to students in the health sciences
13-HIV & AIDS.Hope 25.03.22.pptx
This document discusses immunodeficiency and HIV/AIDS. It defines immunodeficiency as a compromised immune system and describes how it is classified as either primary/congenital or secondary/acquired. HIV is described as a retrovirus that causes AIDS by infecting CD4 cells and impairing the immune system over time. The document outlines HIV transmission, structure, lifecycle, and global prevalence, with statistics provided on prevalence in Zambia.
Immunology and Detection of Acute HIV-1 Infection
This document summarizes key aspects of acute HIV infection, including transmission routes, early immune responses, detection challenges, and prevention opportunities. It discusses how a small number of viruses can establish infection and the rapid spread throughout lymph tissue. Early treatment may help reduce transmission by suppressing viral load during this acute phase when contagiousness is highest. Ongoing research aims to better understand transmission dynamics and develop optimal testing and prevention strategies to interrupt spread during this critical early window.
HIV-AIDS.ppt
The theme for the 2020 observance is “Ending the HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Resilience and Impact” (“Erradicar la epidemia del VIH/SIDA: Resiliencia e Impacto”). World AIDS Day was first observed in 1988.
AIDS PRESENTATION
The document discusses Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It begins by defining AIDS as a set of symptoms and infections resulting from damage to the human immune system by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a retrovirus that targets CD4 T-cells and incorporates its genetic material into the host cell. The document then covers the epidemiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management and prevention of HIV/AIDS.
Similar to Aids and its treatment (20)
More from Rashi Srivastava
Prosite
The document discusses Prosite, a database of protein family signatures that can be used to determine the function of uncharacterized proteins. It contains patterns and profiles formulated to identify which known protein family a new sequence belongs to. The Prosite database consists of two files - a data file containing information for scanning sequences, and a documentation file describing each pattern and profile. New Prosite entries are mainly profiles developed by collaborators at the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics to identify distantly related proteins based on conserved residues.
Chemical bonding (Ionic bonding)
1) Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, giving the atoms opposite charges and forming ions.
2) The atom that loses electrons becomes a positively charged cation, while the atom that gains electrons becomes a negatively charged anion.
3) Ionic bond formation requires one atom to have a low ionization potential and the other a high electron affinity, so there is an overall decrease in energy when electrons are transferred.
Basic chemistry calculations
This ppt will provide you a big help if you are working in lab and want to know basic daily chemistry calculations.
Kegg databse
Rashi Srivastava presented on the KEGG database in biotechnology. KEGG is a database that contains genomic, chemical, and systems information to understand biological functions from the molecular level up. It includes pathways, genes, compounds, diseases, drugs, and organisms. KEGG can be searched through its flat file format using DBGET or through its relational database format for more complex queries. It also contains the KEGG MEDICUS search tool and direct SQL searches of its relational database.
Alcoholic beverage
This ppt will give you brief information about the preparation of an undistilled alcoholic beverage "beer" with the support of the research paper
Gold and silver nanoparticles
This document summarizes a conference on nanoparticles organized by Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management. It discusses nanoparticles and their properties, various synthesis methods for gold and silver nanoparticles including chemical, physical and biological methods, characterization techniques, and applications in drug delivery, biomedical uses, and challenges including instability, impurities, and toxicity.
Immunotherapy and recent advancement in caner treatment
This document summarizes a presentation on cancer immunotherapy given at the ETSTM-2017 National Conference organized by Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management. It discusses how immunotherapy uses the immune system to fight cancer, new tools and assays being developed for treatment and monitoring, and different immunotherapy approaches including vaccines, oncolytic viruses, T-cell therapy, and challenges in developing personalized vaccines. Potential side effects of immunotherapy like flu-like symptoms and skin reactions are also mentioned.
More from Rashi Srivastava (7)
Immunotherapy and recent advancement in caner treatment
Immunotherapy and recent advancement in caner treatment
Recently uploaded
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Types of Herbal Cosmetics its standardization.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Top five deadliest dog breeds in America
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Recently uploaded (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Aids and its treatment
- 2. AIDS was first reported in 1981 and in last 25yrs or so ,it has spread all over the world, killing more than 25 million people. It is an immunodeficiency disease caused by retrovirus called Human Immunodeficiency Virus which has RNA as its hereditary material. High risk groups who become infected with this are homosexual men , bisexual men , male & female intravenous drug user.
- 5. HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS if not treated. Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in Central Africa as the source of HIV infection in humans. They believe that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into contact with their infected blood.
- 7. Virus Diseases Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Human AIDS Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) AIDS in monkeys Visna/maedi Virus Neurologic disease in sheep
- 8. . Acute HIV Infection • Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV, people may experience a flu-like illness, which may last for a few weeks. When people have acute HIV infection, they have a large amount of virus in their blood and are very contagious. Cd 4+ level is >500/μl in blood. HIV Dormancy • During this phase, HIV is still active but reproduces at very low levels. People may not have any symptoms or get sick during this time. For people who aren’t taking medicine to treat HIV, this period can last a decade or longer, but some may progress through this phase faster. Cd 4+ level is upto 300/μl in blood.
- 11. Cd4+ count Total leukocyte and lymphocyte count T-cell subsets assays Platelet count IgA and IgG levels Diminished cell mediated immunity Lymph node biopsy Isolation of antigens and antibodies
- 13. HARRT stands for Highly Active Anti- Retroviral Therapy. It combines drugs from different classes slowing HIV replication down at different stages. Combinations are used for; To increase antiviral activity Reduced dose of individual drug Reduced risk of toxicity Reduced risk of resistance
- 15. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Protease inhibitors Integrase inhibitor Fusion inhibitors Cytochrome P4503A inhibitors Chemokine co-receptor antagonist
- 16. Decreased number of t helper cells Decreased cell mediated immune response Decreased activity of B lymphocytes Decreased activity of monocytes and macrophages Decreased activity of NK cells
- 17. In this phenomenon transfusion based treatment is designed to replace lost immunoglobulins needed to fight HIV infection and it can be done by; Passive immunotherapy To provide cellular factor like IL-2 To replace altered immune cells harboring the virus
- 18. Researcher harvest HIV patients’ own stem cells and attempt to genetically modify them so that they are able to block HIV from infecting CD4 T cells. A donor who carries the mutation and is also a stem cell match for the patient is such a daunting challenge, City of Hope’s study seeks to find out if introducing a mimicked form of the CCR5 mutation will have the same effect. The hope is that the mutated cells will survive, persist and replicate in the body, safely forming protection against the HIV virus.
- 19. AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease cause by HIV. HIV is highly mutable virus and exhibits frequent antigenic variations. HARRT is a life time therapy as it is only able to suppress HIV infection. Immunotherapy and stem cell therapy for AIDS is under research. No permanent cure for AIDS is present because of its high antigenic variations.
- 20. Immunotherapy in HIV Infection, Division of Basic Science and Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine,2013 | by Bhawna Pooniama HIV stem cell trials patient strives, Cycles for cure, 2017 | by Samantha Bona Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an update |by Schnittman SM, Fauci AS Avani Sharma and Dr. Pushpa Maurya, 2011|HIV with Special Reference to Antiretroviral Drugs- A thesis submitted to, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (Uttarkhand) Kuby,Owen,Punt,Stranford (2013),AIDS and other Immunodeficiencies |Immunology (431-461) Sarita Aggarwal (2008), Human disease| Biology (683-695)