Agriculture Engineering-chptr 6
•
2 likes•1,217 views
The document discusses two-stroke engines that are commonly used to power small machines for farming and landscaping. It describes the basic cycle of a two-stroke engine, including the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. Key aspects like the inlet, transfer, and exhaust ports are explained. The governor device is also summarized, which automatically controls and regulates the engine speed under varying loads.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 8
The starting circuit converts electrical energy from the battery into mechanical energy to start the engine. It has four main parts: the battery, starter switch, motor switch, and starting motor. The starting motor drives the flywheel to start the engine and disengages once the engine starts. The ignition circuit uses the ignition coil to transform the battery's low voltage into high voltage sparks to ignite the fuel-air mixture in spark ignition engines. It includes the ignition coil, condenser, distributor, and spark plugs.
Presentation marine diesel engines
Centrifugal Oil Cleaner removes very fine dirt from oil upto 1u and below, by centrifugal force created in centrifuge rotor. Conventional filters cannot remove such fine dirt form oil. There are no consumables hence no recurring cost. Collected dirt can be easily cleaned and the unit put back to use again. With clean oil, wear of tools and dies is reduced and job finished is improved. The oil need not be replaced frequently, thereby saving substantially on oil expenses and protecting environment.
2-stroke cycle gasoline engine
1. The document discusses the two-stroke cycle gasoline engine, describing its basic parts and principle of operation. It has several key advantages over the four-stroke engine, including higher power density and simpler design.
2. The basic parts are the piston, cylinder block, crankshaft, connecting rod, flywheel, spark plug, inlet port, exhaust port, and transfer port. Each downward piston stroke is a power stroke, and each upward stroke is a compression stroke.
3. It intakes and exhausts on the same stroke, achieving two cycles per revolution compared to one cycle per two revolutions for a four-stroke. However, its scavenging is less efficient, resulting in lower thermal
The Marine Diesel Engine Everything
The report included most of the vital information regarding the Marine diesel engine: the 2 stroke and the 4 stroke, etc that may be helpful to the students.
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 2
The document provides information about the basic parts of an internal combustion engine. It lists and describes the main components including the cylinder head, valves, camshaft, cylinder block, cylinders, piston, connecting rods, crankshaft, main bearings, flywheel, and timing drives. It explains their functions and how they work together in the engine combustion cycle.
IC Engines
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines an internal combustion engine as a device that releases chemical energy from fuel inside the engine to perform mechanical work. It then classifies engines based on their design, operating cycle, and whether they are 4-stroke or 2-stroke. The document goes on to describe the constructional features of engines, including cylinders, pistons, piston rings, connecting rods, crankshafts, camshafts, valves, bearings, and flywheels. It provides diagrams of diesel and gasoline engine cycles.
Four stroke engine pro
The document discusses the four-stroke engine cycle and its key components. It describes the four strokes of intake, compression, power, and exhaust. It then lists and describes the main engine parts, including the cylinder block, pistons and piston rings, spark plug, valves, connecting rod and crankshaft, injector, camshaft, and sump. The core function of these parts is to intake air and fuel, compress it, ignite it to create power, and exhaust spent gases in the four-stroke cycle.
Two stroke cycle engine
- Two-stroke engines complete the combustion cycle in two strokes of the piston rather than four strokes, as in four-stroke engines. They rely on crankcase compression or a blower to induct fresh air and remove exhaust gases, rather than separate intake and exhaust strokes.
- There are different types of two-stroke engines based on the scavenging method (crankcase or separately scavenged), scavenging process (cross flow, loop, uni-flow), and port timing (symmetrical or unsymmetrical).
- In a crankcase-scavenged engine, the piston helps induct fresh air into the crankcase and transfers it into the cylinder, where it scavenges out exhaust gases
Recommended
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 8
The starting circuit converts electrical energy from the battery into mechanical energy to start the engine. It has four main parts: the battery, starter switch, motor switch, and starting motor. The starting motor drives the flywheel to start the engine and disengages once the engine starts. The ignition circuit uses the ignition coil to transform the battery's low voltage into high voltage sparks to ignite the fuel-air mixture in spark ignition engines. It includes the ignition coil, condenser, distributor, and spark plugs.
Presentation marine diesel engines
Centrifugal Oil Cleaner removes very fine dirt from oil upto 1u and below, by centrifugal force created in centrifuge rotor. Conventional filters cannot remove such fine dirt form oil. There are no consumables hence no recurring cost. Collected dirt can be easily cleaned and the unit put back to use again. With clean oil, wear of tools and dies is reduced and job finished is improved. The oil need not be replaced frequently, thereby saving substantially on oil expenses and protecting environment.
2-stroke cycle gasoline engine
1. The document discusses the two-stroke cycle gasoline engine, describing its basic parts and principle of operation. It has several key advantages over the four-stroke engine, including higher power density and simpler design.
2. The basic parts are the piston, cylinder block, crankshaft, connecting rod, flywheel, spark plug, inlet port, exhaust port, and transfer port. Each downward piston stroke is a power stroke, and each upward stroke is a compression stroke.
3. It intakes and exhausts on the same stroke, achieving two cycles per revolution compared to one cycle per two revolutions for a four-stroke. However, its scavenging is less efficient, resulting in lower thermal
The Marine Diesel Engine Everything
The report included most of the vital information regarding the Marine diesel engine: the 2 stroke and the 4 stroke, etc that may be helpful to the students.
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 2
The document provides information about the basic parts of an internal combustion engine. It lists and describes the main components including the cylinder head, valves, camshaft, cylinder block, cylinders, piston, connecting rods, crankshaft, main bearings, flywheel, and timing drives. It explains their functions and how they work together in the engine combustion cycle.
IC Engines
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines an internal combustion engine as a device that releases chemical energy from fuel inside the engine to perform mechanical work. It then classifies engines based on their design, operating cycle, and whether they are 4-stroke or 2-stroke. The document goes on to describe the constructional features of engines, including cylinders, pistons, piston rings, connecting rods, crankshafts, camshafts, valves, bearings, and flywheels. It provides diagrams of diesel and gasoline engine cycles.
Four stroke engine pro
The document discusses the four-stroke engine cycle and its key components. It describes the four strokes of intake, compression, power, and exhaust. It then lists and describes the main engine parts, including the cylinder block, pistons and piston rings, spark plug, valves, connecting rod and crankshaft, injector, camshaft, and sump. The core function of these parts is to intake air and fuel, compress it, ignite it to create power, and exhaust spent gases in the four-stroke cycle.
Two stroke cycle engine
- Two-stroke engines complete the combustion cycle in two strokes of the piston rather than four strokes, as in four-stroke engines. They rely on crankcase compression or a blower to induct fresh air and remove exhaust gases, rather than separate intake and exhaust strokes.
- There are different types of two-stroke engines based on the scavenging method (crankcase or separately scavenged), scavenging process (cross flow, loop, uni-flow), and port timing (symmetrical or unsymmetrical).
- In a crankcase-scavenged engine, the piston helps induct fresh air into the crankcase and transfers it into the cylinder, where it scavenges out exhaust gases
Internal Combustion Engine [Gasoline/Petrol] presentation
Introduction to internal combustion engine-[gasoline or petrol] presentation for undergraduate student of mechanical engineering.
Two Stroke SI and CI Engines
The document discusses two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines. It provides details on the working principles of two-stroke petrol and diesel engines. A two-stroke engine completes the processes of intake, compression, combustion and exhaust in two strokes of the piston rather than four strokes as in a four-stroke engine. This allows a two-stroke engine to produce power during every revolution of the crankshaft.
4 stroke diesel engine
The document presents a presentation on the working of a four-stroke diesel engine. It defines an engine as a prime mover that converts fuel into mechanical energy. It classifies engines based on their stroke, fuel used, cylinder position, and ignition type. It then describes the basic parts of a diesel engine, including the cylinder block, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, cylinder head, valves, camshaft, and spark plug. It proceeds to explain the four strokes of the diesel engine cycle - intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. It concludes by noting advantages of diesel engines such as better fuel economy, lower fuel costs, and higher reliability compared to gasoline engines.
4 stroke engine
The document describes the operation of a four-stroke engine, including the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes in one revolution of the crankshaft. It also discusses the valve timing and fuel injection systems. The cooling, lubrication, and timing systems are described as well as differences between gasoline and diesel engines.
Diesel engine
Diesel engines are commonly used in vehicles like cars, buses, trucks as well as agricultural equipment and generators because they can operate in places with unreliable electricity. Diesel engines ignite fuel using the heat of compressed air rather than a spark plug, and are often more efficient than gasoline engines, though they produce more air pollution. The document discusses the components and operation of both 4-stroke and 2-stroke diesel engines.
Introduction of I C Engines
This document provides information about internal combustion engines, including:
1. It classifies internal combustion engines based on thermodynamic cycle, fuel used, cycle of operation, ignition method, number of cylinders, cooling method, and application.
2. It describes the typical components of an internal combustion engine like the cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and flywheel.
3. It provides details on the four-stroke cycles of gasoline/petrol and diesel engines as well as the two-stroke cycle.
4. It compares key differences between spark ignition and compression ignition engines and between four-stroke and two-stroke engines.
Bike Engines-Two Stroke/Four Stroke Engines Classification
BikeJinni - Bike Engines Classification. Two Stroke/Four Stroke Engines. Engine technical terms. Type of design in Bike Engines. Engine Cooling Systems, spark plug, Working of bike engines.
Advanced internal Combustion Engines
The document discusses various topics related to computerized engine controls and direct fuel injection systems. It describes the four strokes of a direct fuel injected gasoline engine: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. It also mentions functional decomposition of engine communication systems and using direct injection for achieving fuel economy and low emissions.
Internal Combustion Engines - Construction and Working (All you need to know,...
The document discusses various components and systems of internal combustion engines, including:
- The crankshaft, connecting rod, camshaft, spark plug, drivetrain, turbochargers, carburetors, fuel injection systems, engine lubrication systems, rotary engines, two-stroke engines, and experimental five-stroke and six-stroke engines. It provides brief descriptions of how each component or system functions within an engine.
Four Stroke Petrol Engine
This document discusses the four stroke petrol engine. It describes the four strokes of the engine cycle: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. During intake, the piston moves down and air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber. In compression, the piston moves up and compresses the mixture. In power stroke, ignition occurs and the expanding gases push the piston down. Finally, in exhaust stroke, the piston moves up to push out the exhaust gases. The four strokes complete one cycle requiring two revolutions of the crankshaft.
Two stroke & Four stroke Diesel Engine
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines them as engines where combustion occurs inside the engine cylinder. It then describes the basic parts of an I.C. engine like the cylinder, piston, crankshaft. It explains the differences between a 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine and how their cycles work. A 2-stroke engine completes one cycle per revolution while a 4-stroke takes two revolutions. It provides details on the workings and compares the advantages and disadvantages of 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines.
Petrol engine
A petrol engine, also known as a gasoline engine, works by burning fuel within cylinders to create motion. It uses the four-stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust or the two-stroke cycle. In a four-stroke engine, the piston completes the cycle over two revolutions of the crankshaft, while a two-stroke engine completes the cycle in one revolution. Petrol engines are commonly used in automobiles but have lower efficiency than diesel engines due to their lower compression ratios.
Diesel engine Powerpoint
This is most benificial for the First year Engineering students.Diesel engine explained with P-V diagram and videos.
2 stroke engines
This document summarizes the key differences between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. It explains that in a 2-stroke engine, the intake, compression, combustion and exhaust strokes occur in just two strokes of the piston, while a 4-stroke engine separates these functions into four strokes. This allows 2-stroke engines to fire on every revolution, providing more power but being less fuel efficient and more polluting than 4-stroke engines. The document also details how 2-stroke engines require oil to be mixed with fuel for lubrication, and describes the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust ports during the 2-stroke cycle.
Presentation on internal combustion engine components
power point presentation one of the easy way of gaining the technical knowledge of the students.ever it is more useful.....
Four stroke petrol engine
This document discusses the four-stroke petrol engine. It provides an introduction to four-stroke engines and their basic components. It then describes the four strokes of the engine's cycle: the intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, and exhaust stroke. The document also discusses the thermodynamic process, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and lubrication of the four-stroke petrol engine. It was authored by four students - Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Akhtar, Muhammad Waseem, and Usman Sajid.
Engines
The document describes the main components of an internal combustion engine, including the cylinder head, engine block, pistons, valves, camshaft, crankshaft, connecting rods, and flywheel. It discusses the different types of engines like four-stroke gasoline, two-stroke gasoline, and diesel engines. It also explains the basic functions of engine components like the camshaft converting rotary motion to reciprocating motion and the flywheel reducing vibration and transferring power from the engine.
Diesel engine
This document summarizes the key differences between 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines. It explains that a 2-stroke engine completes a power cycle in two strokes of the piston over one crankshaft revolution, while a 4-stroke engine requires two crankshaft revolutions to complete the power cycle. The basic parts of a diesel engine are described. The workings of the 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycles are then outlined in 1-2 sentences each. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages of the 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines are listed.
Training Presentation on Diesel Engine
This document presents information about diesel engines from an engineering workshop. It discusses the basic working principles of diesel engines, including compression ignition and the diesel cycle. It also covers key engine components like the engine block, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, cylinder head, camshaft, and turbocharger. The document categorizes engines based on criteria like number of strokes, ignition type, cylinder arrangement, and speed. It defines important engine terminology and identifies components on diagrams of engine sections and systems.
Turbo chargers
The document discusses turbochargers, including their advantages over other charging methods like superchargers. It describes how turbochargers can increase engine power and efficiency while reducing engine size. It also covers various turbocharger components like turbines, bearings and vibration, as well as operating issues like fouling, surging and fires in the scavenge system.
(Why) Is A Project An Aircrash Sean Coughlan
This document discusses common causes of project failure and ways to improve project management and outcomes. It provides several axioms related to project management, including that all project managers lie, badly planned projects take three times as long as planned, and people dislike reporting problems. It examines root causes such as ambiguity and lack of clear objectives. Effective planning, governance, and risk management are emphasized as ways to reduce failures. Tools and processes are discussed, along with the importance of learning from experience.
Four Stroke Cycle
The four-stroke engine cycle involves an intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, and exhaust stroke. During the intake stroke, the piston moves downward and draws in a fresh air-fuel mixture into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the piston compresses this mixture. The power stroke is generated when the compressed mixture ignites, forcing the piston downward. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, the piston pushes out the spent combustion gases through the open exhaust valve.
More Related Content
What's hot
Internal Combustion Engine [Gasoline/Petrol] presentation
Introduction to internal combustion engine-[gasoline or petrol] presentation for undergraduate student of mechanical engineering.
Two Stroke SI and CI Engines
The document discusses two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines. It provides details on the working principles of two-stroke petrol and diesel engines. A two-stroke engine completes the processes of intake, compression, combustion and exhaust in two strokes of the piston rather than four strokes as in a four-stroke engine. This allows a two-stroke engine to produce power during every revolution of the crankshaft.
4 stroke diesel engine
The document presents a presentation on the working of a four-stroke diesel engine. It defines an engine as a prime mover that converts fuel into mechanical energy. It classifies engines based on their stroke, fuel used, cylinder position, and ignition type. It then describes the basic parts of a diesel engine, including the cylinder block, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, cylinder head, valves, camshaft, and spark plug. It proceeds to explain the four strokes of the diesel engine cycle - intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. It concludes by noting advantages of diesel engines such as better fuel economy, lower fuel costs, and higher reliability compared to gasoline engines.
4 stroke engine
The document describes the operation of a four-stroke engine, including the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes in one revolution of the crankshaft. It also discusses the valve timing and fuel injection systems. The cooling, lubrication, and timing systems are described as well as differences between gasoline and diesel engines.
Diesel engine
Diesel engines are commonly used in vehicles like cars, buses, trucks as well as agricultural equipment and generators because they can operate in places with unreliable electricity. Diesel engines ignite fuel using the heat of compressed air rather than a spark plug, and are often more efficient than gasoline engines, though they produce more air pollution. The document discusses the components and operation of both 4-stroke and 2-stroke diesel engines.
Introduction of I C Engines
This document provides information about internal combustion engines, including:
1. It classifies internal combustion engines based on thermodynamic cycle, fuel used, cycle of operation, ignition method, number of cylinders, cooling method, and application.
2. It describes the typical components of an internal combustion engine like the cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and flywheel.
3. It provides details on the four-stroke cycles of gasoline/petrol and diesel engines as well as the two-stroke cycle.
4. It compares key differences between spark ignition and compression ignition engines and between four-stroke and two-stroke engines.
Bike Engines-Two Stroke/Four Stroke Engines Classification
BikeJinni - Bike Engines Classification. Two Stroke/Four Stroke Engines. Engine technical terms. Type of design in Bike Engines. Engine Cooling Systems, spark plug, Working of bike engines.
Advanced internal Combustion Engines
The document discusses various topics related to computerized engine controls and direct fuel injection systems. It describes the four strokes of a direct fuel injected gasoline engine: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. It also mentions functional decomposition of engine communication systems and using direct injection for achieving fuel economy and low emissions.
Internal Combustion Engines - Construction and Working (All you need to know,...
The document discusses various components and systems of internal combustion engines, including:
- The crankshaft, connecting rod, camshaft, spark plug, drivetrain, turbochargers, carburetors, fuel injection systems, engine lubrication systems, rotary engines, two-stroke engines, and experimental five-stroke and six-stroke engines. It provides brief descriptions of how each component or system functions within an engine.
Four Stroke Petrol Engine
This document discusses the four stroke petrol engine. It describes the four strokes of the engine cycle: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. During intake, the piston moves down and air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber. In compression, the piston moves up and compresses the mixture. In power stroke, ignition occurs and the expanding gases push the piston down. Finally, in exhaust stroke, the piston moves up to push out the exhaust gases. The four strokes complete one cycle requiring two revolutions of the crankshaft.
Two stroke & Four stroke Diesel Engine
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines them as engines where combustion occurs inside the engine cylinder. It then describes the basic parts of an I.C. engine like the cylinder, piston, crankshaft. It explains the differences between a 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine and how their cycles work. A 2-stroke engine completes one cycle per revolution while a 4-stroke takes two revolutions. It provides details on the workings and compares the advantages and disadvantages of 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines.
Petrol engine
A petrol engine, also known as a gasoline engine, works by burning fuel within cylinders to create motion. It uses the four-stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust or the two-stroke cycle. In a four-stroke engine, the piston completes the cycle over two revolutions of the crankshaft, while a two-stroke engine completes the cycle in one revolution. Petrol engines are commonly used in automobiles but have lower efficiency than diesel engines due to their lower compression ratios.
Diesel engine Powerpoint
This is most benificial for the First year Engineering students.Diesel engine explained with P-V diagram and videos.
2 stroke engines
This document summarizes the key differences between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. It explains that in a 2-stroke engine, the intake, compression, combustion and exhaust strokes occur in just two strokes of the piston, while a 4-stroke engine separates these functions into four strokes. This allows 2-stroke engines to fire on every revolution, providing more power but being less fuel efficient and more polluting than 4-stroke engines. The document also details how 2-stroke engines require oil to be mixed with fuel for lubrication, and describes the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust ports during the 2-stroke cycle.
Presentation on internal combustion engine components
power point presentation one of the easy way of gaining the technical knowledge of the students.ever it is more useful.....
Four stroke petrol engine
This document discusses the four-stroke petrol engine. It provides an introduction to four-stroke engines and their basic components. It then describes the four strokes of the engine's cycle: the intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, and exhaust stroke. The document also discusses the thermodynamic process, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and lubrication of the four-stroke petrol engine. It was authored by four students - Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Akhtar, Muhammad Waseem, and Usman Sajid.
Engines
The document describes the main components of an internal combustion engine, including the cylinder head, engine block, pistons, valves, camshaft, crankshaft, connecting rods, and flywheel. It discusses the different types of engines like four-stroke gasoline, two-stroke gasoline, and diesel engines. It also explains the basic functions of engine components like the camshaft converting rotary motion to reciprocating motion and the flywheel reducing vibration and transferring power from the engine.
Diesel engine
This document summarizes the key differences between 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines. It explains that a 2-stroke engine completes a power cycle in two strokes of the piston over one crankshaft revolution, while a 4-stroke engine requires two crankshaft revolutions to complete the power cycle. The basic parts of a diesel engine are described. The workings of the 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycles are then outlined in 1-2 sentences each. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages of the 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines are listed.
Training Presentation on Diesel Engine
This document presents information about diesel engines from an engineering workshop. It discusses the basic working principles of diesel engines, including compression ignition and the diesel cycle. It also covers key engine components like the engine block, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, cylinder head, camshaft, and turbocharger. The document categorizes engines based on criteria like number of strokes, ignition type, cylinder arrangement, and speed. It defines important engine terminology and identifies components on diagrams of engine sections and systems.
Turbo chargers
The document discusses turbochargers, including their advantages over other charging methods like superchargers. It describes how turbochargers can increase engine power and efficiency while reducing engine size. It also covers various turbocharger components like turbines, bearings and vibration, as well as operating issues like fouling, surging and fires in the scavenge system.
What's hot (20)
Internal Combustion Engine [Gasoline/Petrol] presentation
Internal Combustion Engine [Gasoline/Petrol] presentation
Bike Engines-Two Stroke/Four Stroke Engines Classification
Bike Engines-Two Stroke/Four Stroke Engines Classification
Internal Combustion Engines - Construction and Working (All you need to know,...
Internal Combustion Engines - Construction and Working (All you need to know,...
Presentation on internal combustion engine components
Presentation on internal combustion engine components
Viewers also liked
(Why) Is A Project An Aircrash Sean Coughlan
This document discusses common causes of project failure and ways to improve project management and outcomes. It provides several axioms related to project management, including that all project managers lie, badly planned projects take three times as long as planned, and people dislike reporting problems. It examines root causes such as ambiguity and lack of clear objectives. Effective planning, governance, and risk management are emphasized as ways to reduce failures. Tools and processes are discussed, along with the importance of learning from experience.
Four Stroke Cycle
The four-stroke engine cycle involves an intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, and exhaust stroke. During the intake stroke, the piston moves downward and draws in a fresh air-fuel mixture into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the piston compresses this mixture. The power stroke is generated when the compressed mixture ignites, forcing the piston downward. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, the piston pushes out the spent combustion gases through the open exhaust valve.
EASHWARS PAPER
This document discusses using oxy hydrogen gas as an alternative fuel in a two-stroke petrol engine. The experimental setup involved producing HHO gas through electrolysis and adding it to the engine's combustion chamber. Performance tests showed that using HHO gas resulted in lower brake specific fuel consumption and higher brake thermal efficiency compared to petrol or producer gas. The HHO gas module only required a 12V DC supply and allowed the engine to run with no major hardware modifications. In conclusion, HHO gas is a promising renewable and low-emission fuel that can potentially be blended with diesel or used in internal combustion engines.
Four stroke cycle
The document describes the 4 stroke process of a petrol engine, where the piston travels down the cylinder on the intake stroke with the inlet valve open to draw in air and fuel. The valves then close and the piston compresses the mixture until a spark ignites it, expanding the burning gases and driving the piston back down on the power stroke. The exhaust valve then opens to expel the gases as the piston returns to the top, completing the cycle.
EME ( GTU) Two Stroke Petrol Engine
The document discusses the history and functioning of two-stroke petrol engines. It notes that the first two-stroke design was a 1878 diesel engine by Dugald Clark. It then explains the basic four steps of the two-stroke engine cycle: 1) intake of petrol-air mixture through the inlet port into the crankcase; 2) compression of the charge in the crankcase and transfer to the cylinder; 3) ignition and power stroke; 4) exhaust of burnt gases through the exhaust port. The cycle is completed within one revolution of the crankshaft.
STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL CONTROLLED CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE DRIVE
Now a day's development trends in car industry and mobile machines are driven by universal concerns on energy limitations and greenhouse gases reduction, more energy efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles will be needed. As the increasing concerns in the impact of vehicle emissions of carbon dioxides and Nitrogen oxides on the biosphere combined with today's shortage fuel, hence need to find alternate fuel solutions or develop the transmission system in such a way that lower consumption and lower emission should takes place. Continuously variable drive is the type of automatic transmission that allows selection of infinite number of transmission ratios within the finite range i.e. between minimum and maximum value. Continuously variable drive is 34.91% more efficient than that of manual transmission. In order to achieve emission reduction and fuel economy needs to improve fuel efficiency. Continuously variable drive can be improved by coupling differential gear assembly to one of variable speed drives; we can increase the speed variation range at the expense of the horse power range. Numerous combinations of the variables are possible.
Vehicle
The document discusses why clutches are needed in vehicles and how they work. Clutches allow the engine and transmission to be engaged and disengaged, which is necessary when starting from a stop and changing gears. They connect the two rotating shafts of the engine and transmission to either lock them together and spin at the same speed or decouple them to spin at different speeds. The clutch contains plates that can be engaged to smoothly transfer power from the engine to the transmission.
How to make a Differential Drive?
A differential drive robot consists of two independently driven wheels and a power supply to power DC motors. The power supply uses a transformer and rectifier circuit to convert AC to DC. To turn the robot, the left and right wheels are rotated at different speeds or in opposite directions. The basic components are a power supply, two DC motors, a control box to operate the motors independently, and a chassis to mount the components.
Two stroke by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
Two stroke engines have advantages of being mechanically simpler without valves, lighter in weight, more compact, and provide quicker acceleration compared to four stroke engines. However, two stroke engines also have disadvantages like running hotter, lacking a dedicated lubrication system, being more polluting due to unburnt fuel exiting through the exhaust, and less fuel efficient resulting in higher fuel consumption. Two stroke engines can be either crankcase scavenged or loop scavenged.
Differential Gear train
Car wheels spin at different speeds, especially when turning. It is known that each wheel travels a different distance through the turn, and that the inside wheels travel a shorter distance than the outside wheels. Since speed is equal to the distance traveled divided by the time it takes to go that distance, the wheels that travel a shorter distance travel at a lower speed. Also note that the front wheels travel a different distance than the rear wheels.
Four stroke engines and Two stroke engines
This document describes the four stroke engine cycle. It explains that a four stroke engine completes one thermodynamic cycle over four strokes: the intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, and exhaust stroke. It then provides details on the basic components and workings of both spark ignition (gasoline) and compression ignition (diesel) four stroke engines. It explains the events that occur in each stroke of the four stroke cycle for both engine types.
2 stroke cycle engines
A two-stroke engine has a compression and combustion stroke in each revolution, while a four-stroke engine has separate intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. In a two-stroke, oil is mixed with gasoline to lubricate parts. Two-stroke engines are lighter and more powerful but less efficient and produce more pollution than four-stroke engines due to exhausting unburned fuel. The piston acts as both a valve and plunger in two-stroke engines.
How differential works
The document summarizes the key components and functioning of a differential assembly. It describes the main parts like the pinion gear, ring gear, differential case, and rear axles. It explains how the differential transfers power from the driveshaft to the wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds during turns. The document also briefly discusses hypoid gears, limited-slip differentials, transaxles, universal joints, and common differential problems.
Automobile Differential System
This technical seminar presentation summarizes the key components and functions of an automobile differential system. It discusses:
1) The main parts of a differential system including the pinion gear, ring gear, spider gears, differential case assembly, and rear drive axles.
2) How differentials work by allowing the outer wheels to travel farther than the inner wheels when turning, while maintaining equal torque to both wheels.
3) The drawback of a standard open differential which can send all torque to a single slipping wheel, and how limited-slip differentials address this issue.
Four-wheel drive
This document discusses four-wheel drive (4WD) vehicles. It describes the main advantages as improved traction and handling from being able to transmit torque to all four wheels. The disadvantages include higher initial costs and weight as well as requiring special service and maintenance. The document defines different 4WD systems such as part-time 4WD which operates in two-wheel drive normally but can engage 4WD, full-time 4WD which constantly powers all four wheels, and on-demand 4WD which automatically engages the front wheels when slip is detected. It provides details on 4WD components, transfer cases, differentials, and maintenance tips.
11 final drive
The rear axle final drive (1) transmits power at a 90 degree angle from the transmission and (2) reduces the engine speed to provide the transmission's top gear ratio. (3) Cars typically use a final drive ratio of around 4:1. Bevel, hypoid, and worm gears are commonly used in final drives to achieve the necessary functions.
Differentail
- The drive pinion drives the ring gear which is attached to the differential case. When going straight ahead, power is transferred equally to both wheels. When turning a corner, the wheels must travel at different speeds to prevent tire scrubbing, so the differential pinion gears "walk" around the slower side gear to cause the other side gear to turn faster.
- Limited-slip differentials limit the amount of differential action allowed compared to open differentials. They provide more driving force to the wheel with traction when one wheel begins to slip while still allowing wheels to turn at different speeds when cornering.
- In operation, driving torque is transmitted equally to each axle until traction is lost by one wheel. Then
New two stroke engine
The document discusses the new generation of two-stroke engines that combines advantages of two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It has 40% less emission and a high power-to-weight ratio. Some applications include large locomotives and marine engines. The engines are produced by MAN (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg), a German manufacturer of machines.
2 Stroke Engines
Two stroke engines complete the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes in one revolution of the crankshaft, using the crankcase as a pumping device. They are lighter and simpler than four stroke engines but are less efficient and more polluting. Common applications of two stroke engines include dirt bikes, lawnmowers, outboard engines, chain saws, jet skis, and snowmobiles.
2 stroke
This presentation discusses the two-stroke engine. A two-stroke engine completes the combustion process in one crankshaft revolution, obtaining one power stroke per revolution. It has fewer parts than a four-stroke engine and is lighter in weight. The basic parts are the piston, piston ring, spark plug, connecting rod, and crankshaft. The working principle is that the intake and exhaust are controlled by piston movement, with the fresh charge entering due to pressure differences and being compressed by the pumping action of the piston. Applications include dirt bikes, lawn mowers, outboard engines, and others.
Viewers also liked (20)
STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL CONTROLLED CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE DRIVE
STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL CONTROLLED CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE DRIVE
Similar to Agriculture Engineering-chptr 6
Automobile unit 2 carburetor
The document discusses different types of ignition systems used in spark ignition engines. It describes the working of battery ignition systems which use a battery to provide current to the primary winding of an ignition coil. When the contact points open, a high voltage is generated in the secondary winding and sent to the spark plugs. Magneto ignition systems generate current in their primary windings via a rotating magnet instead of a battery, allowing them to operate without a battery. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of battery and magneto ignition systems.
Automobile Engineering Unit 2 - Anna university
The 2nd unit of automobile engineering describe about carburetor, types of carburetor, ignition system such as coil ignition, magneto ignition and electric ignition system. And also it describe about supercharger and turbocharger
engine auxiliary systems
1. The document discusses various engine auxiliary systems including carburetors, ignition systems, fuel injection systems, and their components and workings.
2. It describes the types and parts of carburetors like the float chamber and venturi, as well as defects like improper air-fuel mixtures at different speeds.
3. Electronic fuel injection systems and their sensors that allow for precise fuel delivery controlled by an electronic control unit are also covered.
Combustion cycle
Carnot engine+heat engine+Internal combustion engine+four stroke engine+two stroke engine+External combustion engine+difference b/w ice and ece
06 supercharging and turbocharging
Supercharging and turbocharging increase an aircraft engine's power output by supplying it with higher manifold pressures than normal aspiration. Superchargers compress the fuel/air mixture after it leaves the carburetor and are driven directly by the engine. Turbochargers deliver compressed air to the inlet side of the carburetor and are driven by exhaust gases harnessed by the turbine wheel. Both systems allow for improved performance at altitude but require careful management to prevent overboosting the engine.
Introduction to IC engines
The document discusses heat engines and internal combustion engines. It defines heat engines as engines that convert heat energy from fuel combustion into mechanical work. It describes internal combustion engines as a type of heat engine that can be classified based on their combustion cycle, cylinder arrangement, ignition method, cooling method, and more. The document outlines the common parts of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, valves, and differences between parts of gasoline and diesel engines. It also provides details on 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine cycles.
Automobile Engineering
The document discusses electronic fuel injection systems for petrol engines. It has four key parts: 1) a fuel delivery system with an electrically driven fuel pump, 2) an air induction system with an air flow sensor, 3) various sensors and an air flow control system, and 4) an electronic control unit that receives sensor signals and regulates the system. The electronic control unit precisely controls fuel supply and injection timing based on data from sensors.
Scavenging supercharging.pdf
The document discusses scavenging, supercharging, and exhaust systems in diesel engines. It provides details on:
1) The purpose and process of scavenging, including the stages of scavenging and types used such as uniflow and reverse flow.
2) The purpose and advantages of supercharging, including constant pressure and pulse turbocharging systems. Constant pressure turbocharging provides steady exhaust gas flow and turbine efficiency while pulse turbocharging extracts more energy from exhaust pulses.
3) The components and operation of marine turbochargers, including axial and radial flow designs, inward and outward bearing arrangements, and labyrinth seals.
ENGINE.pptx
The document summarizes the major components, working principles, and systems of internal combustion engines. It describes the cylinder head, engine block, and crankcase as key components. It then explains the four stroke cycle of a four stroke engine and the simultaneous combustion and exhaust strokes of a two stroke engine. Finally, it outlines the main engine systems - fuel, cooling, lubrication, transmission, electrical/ignition, and hydraulic - and describes their general functions and operating mechanisms.
Combustion gas turbines
In Combustion Gas Turbines you will learn the operating principles of the compressor, the combustion chamber, and turbine section. You will also learn about the construction of the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine section; the blading arrangement; and the use of the turbine as a driver and hot-gas generator. Also covered is turbine auxiliary equipment such as starting devices, governors, and overspeed mechanisms, and their functions. In Combustion Gas Turbines presentation you will learn about the functions of casing seals, bearings and lubrication in a combustion gas turbine. The slides also covers the control and operation of combustion gas turbines, including start-up, operating, and shutdown procedures, and the control of vibration, critical speed, and turbine imbalance. Finally, you will learn about temperature control, the use of turning gears, and turbine control using the automated control panel. Through this understanding of turbine principles, construction, and control, you will be better able to secure efficient and safe turbine operation.
rahul
The document provides details on the components and working of internal combustion engines. It introduces internal combustion engines and their advantages over external combustion engines. It describes the key components of an IC engine like the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, valves, spark plug and fuel injector. It explains the four stroke cycle of a four stroke IC engine involving the intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes. It then discusses the valve mechanism involving components like the camshaft, cams, valve lifters, pushrods and rocker arms. It proposes using a single oscillating valve inside the combustion chamber instead of poppet valves to reduce parts, friction and size.
Variable valve timing in internal combustion engine
This document discusses variable valve timing (VVT) technology in internal combustion engines. It begins by explaining the basic functions of valves in an engine and how valve timing impacts performance. There are three main types of VVT systems discussed: cam-changing VVT, cam-phasing VVT, and a combination system. Cam-phasing VVT is the most common as it varies timing by shifting the camshaft phase angle. VVT provides benefits like improved fuel efficiency, emissions reduction, and torque. The document concludes that VVT technology will continue advancing to achieve more efficient and cleaner engines.
Carburettor ppt
The document summarizes the key components and functions of a carburetor. It describes the fuel strainer, float chamber, metering and idling system, choke, throttle, and additional modern systems. It then discusses the working of specific carburetor types, including the Solex carburetor which uses a starting jet, compensating jet, main jet, idling jet, and accelerating jet to regulate fuel flow during different engine operations.
Building compressed air driven generator
- A compressed air generator uses compressed air to drive a two-stroke engine coupled to an alternator to produce electricity. Compressed air is stored and then released to expand and power the engine pistons. A microcontroller controls the timing of electrical air injectors to inject compressed air into the engine. This drives the alternator and produces AC current without pollution from fossil fuels. Key components include an air compressor, electrical injectors, microcontroller, engine, and alternator.
Diesel Power Plant
A diesel power plant is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric generator to generate electrical energy. A diesel compression-ignition engine is usually designed to run on diesel fuel, but some types are adapted for other liquid fuels or natural gas.
Electronic fuel injection vs carburettors
These slides give you an idea of the different types of fuel injection systems that have been used throughout time.
A comparison between carburettors and EFI has been also looked on.
I c enginen
This document provides information on internal combustion (I.C.) engines, including:
- I.C. engines can be two-stroke or four-stroke, with four-stroke being more common. They work by combusting fuel inside cylinders to power pistons.
- In a four-stroke engine, the piston completes an intake, compression, power, and exhaust stroke per cycle. In a two-stroke, it completes the cycle in two strokes.
- Other topics covered include engine components, engine types and cycles, differences between two-stroke and four-stroke engines, and differences between diesel and petrol engines.
The New Automotive Camless Engine
This document discusses camless engines. A camless engine uses solenoid actuators instead of a camshaft to open and close valves. It describes the basic 4-stroke cycle of a camless engine involving intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. It also discusses two methods for actuating the valves electronically without a camshaft: using electro-mechanical rotary solenoid actuators controlled by a microcontroller or a hydraulic system with an electrically operated hydraulic valve. The main sensors used in a camless engine are the engine load sensor, exhaust gas sensor, valve position sensor, and engine speed sensor.
Diesel power plant
Diesel power plants produce electricity in the range of 2 to 50 MW and are commonly used as central power stations and backup generators. They have advantages over steam power plants such as occupying less space and being more efficient for capacities under 150 MW. However, diesel power plants also have higher operating and maintenance costs compared to steam plants. The key components of a diesel power plant include the diesel engine, air intake and exhaust systems, fuel supply system, starting system, lubrication system, and cooling system. Proper operation and maintenance such as regular engine running and filter servicing is required for good diesel power plant performance.
DIESEL, GAS TURBINE & COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS UNIT III
This document provides information about diesel power plants. It discusses the key components of a diesel power plant including the diesel engine, intake and exhaust systems, fuel supply system, cooling system, lubrication system, and governing system. It notes that diesel power plants can generate power in the range of 2-50 MW and are favored in locations where sufficient coal/water are not available. The advantages of diesel power plants are also summarized, such as their simple design, small footprint, and ability for quick startup.
Similar to Agriculture Engineering-chptr 6 (20)
Variable valve timing in internal combustion engine
Variable valve timing in internal combustion engine
DIESEL, GAS TURBINE & COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS UNIT III
DIESEL, GAS TURBINE & COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS UNIT III
More from watak manga pilu
Soil Management-Calculation of fertilizer
1,000 kg of carbonaceous materials with a C:N ratio of 12:1 are applied to soil. 25% of the 400 kg of carbon in the materials is assimilated by microorganisms, reducing the C:N ratio to 8:1. This leaves 20.8 kg of nitrogen available for crops. An additional 39.2 kg of nitrogen is needed. Applying 85.2 kg of urea fertilizer which is 46% nitrogen would provide this amount. Fertilizer A, with 15% nitrogen content and costing RM8/kg of nitrogen, is a better buy than Fertilizer B at RM11.25/kg of nitrogen. One liter of liquid fertilizer containing 20
Agriculture Engineering-chptr15
1) The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a power unit, such as a tractor, to match the size and type of machines used for field operations.
2) Key factors include the engine type, power ratings, soil resistance, tractor and implement sizes, and matching implements to the tractor's power output to avoid overloading.
3) Power is measured in horsepower or kilowatts, with drawbar, PTO, and brake power representing the tractor's pulling, power take-off, and maximum engine power respectively. The document provides formulas to calculate power needs based on implement size, soil conditions, and operating speed.
Agriculture Engineering-chptr14
The document discusses factors that determine machine capacity, including speed, width, and efficiency. It defines theoretical field capacity as the maximum capacity at a given speed using the machine's full width. Effective field capacity is the actual capacity achievable over time and brings in the efficiency factor to represent real-world performance below the theoretical maximum. Understanding machine capacities allows farm managers to appropriately plan equipment purchases and ensure field operations can be completed on schedule.
Agriculture Engineering-chptr13
This document summarizes different types of planting and fertilizer application equipment. It describes row crop planters, drills, broadcast seeders, and transplanting equipment that can be mounted on tractors or used independently. It provides details on key parts of seed drills like the seed box, furrow openers, metering devices, and land wheels. The document also outlines three common machines used for dry fertilizer application - drop spreaders, spin spreaders, and airplanes - and notes their capacities, spread widths/patterns, and typical application rates.
Agriculture Engineering-chptr12 irrigation
Irrigation is important for increasing crop yields and making production more reliable. It provides moisture to allow plant growth where it otherwise would not occur, protects against drought, allows for nutrient transport, and controls the growing environment. However, irrigation can cause issues like salinity, waterlogging, erosion, and damage to soil structure if not implemented properly. Sprinkler irrigation allows for varied land but has high costs, while drip irrigation conserves water and fertilizer but requires filters to prevent emitter clogging. Proper system design considers soil, crop, and weather factors.
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 11
Tillage and cultivation are important mechanical soil processes for crop growth. Primary tillage, like plowing, is more aggressive and leaves the soil rough, while secondary tillage works the soil shallowly to level, firm, and control weeds. Common primary tillage implements include moldboard plows and chisel plows, while common secondary tillage implements are disc harrows and cultivators. Tillage machines can be mounted, semi-mounted, or trailed depending on how they attach to tractors.
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 10
The document summarizes the basic functions and operations of a tractor's hydraulic system and 3 point linkage. The hydraulic system provides power for steering, brakes, transmission, implement control, remote cylinders, and hydraulic motors. It uses hydraulic fluid as the power transmitting medium and for lubrication and cooling. There are two types of implement control - power lift (rockshaft) used for mounted implements, and remote control for pull-type implements. The document explains how the control lever and automatic draft control can be used to raise implements like a plow that encounters hard ground.
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 9 power transmission
The document summarizes key components and functions of power transmission systems. It discusses the basic functions like selecting speed ratios, reversing travel, connecting/disconnecting power, and equalizing power for turning. The five basic components are identified as the clutch, gearbox system, differential, final drive, and drive wheels. The clutch connects and disconnects power. The gearbox selects speed and direction. The differential equalizes power for turning. The final drive reduces speed and increases torque. The drive wheels propel the machine. The document then provides more details on the clutch, mechanical transmission, differential, final drive, power take-off systems, tractor wheels, and tires.
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 5
This document summarizes the key components and operation of petrol and diesel fuel systems. It discusses that petrol engines mix fuel and air outside the cylinder, using a spark plug to ignite the mixture. Diesel engines directly inject fuel into the compressed hot air in the cylinder for ignition. The key parts of both systems include the fuel tank, fuel pump, filters and carburetor/injection system. Proper maintenance like cleaning and adjusting these components is important to ensure efficient combustion and engine performance.
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 3
1) Proper engine lubrication is important to prevent friction and wear between moving parts. It is essential to use the correct type and weight of oil and regularly change it as recommended.
2) There are three main types of engine lubrication systems - circulating splash, internal force feed and splash, and full internal force feed. Modern engines primarily use the full internal force feed system.
3) Engine oil serves several critical functions including reducing friction, sealing cylinders, removing heat, cleansing the engine, and absorbing shocks. Proper lubrication helps engines run smoothly and prolongs their lifespan.
Agriculture Engineering-chpter 1
The document discusses the history and development of farm tractors and mechanization in agriculture. It notes that early farming relied on human and animal muscle, but the development of steel plows and the internal combustion engine led to the invention of the farm tractor in the late 19th century. This mechanization greatly increased farm productivity by reducing labor needs and allowing higher crop yields. The document outlines the benefits of farm mechanization and different types of tractors, including wheeled and track vehicles suited to various crops and field conditions.
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 5-marginal cost & mktg efficiencies
This document discusses marketing costs and efficiencies. It begins by defining marketing costs and listing the various types of costs involved in marketing functions. Population growth, rising input costs, and consumer demand for additional services have contributed to increasing marketing costs. Marketing margin is the portion of what consumers pay for food that goes to marketing firms, and is influenced by factors like time, form, location, and competition. Marketing efficiencies can be improved through operational efficiency to reduce costs and pricing efficiency to allocate resources efficiently. Total marketing costs are calculated by subtracting the farm price from the retail price. Price discrimination allows sellers to set different prices for different customer groups.
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 4-approach to mktg problem
This document discusses approaches to agricultural marketing problems. It identifies several dimensions of the farm marketing problem including difficulties adjusting production to meet changing markets and estimating future prices. It also discusses barriers in the marketing process like separation of location, time and information between producers and consumers. The document then covers functional approaches to marketing like exchange, physical and facilitating functions. It defines concepts like concentration, equalization and dispersion in the exchange process as well as factors enabling decentralized markets. Storage is discussed as interrelated with transportation, processing and risk bearing in food marketing systems.
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 2-problem & characteristic of agri mar...
This document discusses the characteristics and problems of agricultural marketing. It outlines several key differences between agricultural and industrial products, including financial strength, point of production, storage, management efficiencies, promotion, acceptance, and volatility. It then describes several problems in agricultural marketing, such as difficulties adjusting production to changing demand, lack of orientation towards consumers, and high costs of marketing and distribution. Finally, it examines how agricultural marketing responds to consumer goals through understanding tastes and preferences, providing variety, ensuring safety and nutrition, special displays and promotions, and time-saving services.
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 6-involvement ofgovernagencyinagrmktg
The document discusses the roles and involvement of various Malaysian government agencies in agricultural production and marketing. It outlines 6 key roles: [1] Several agencies coordinate the export/import and marketing of various crops; [2] Some provide technical assistance and research to develop the agricultural sector; [3] The government sets minimum support prices for certain crops; [4] It intervenes when prices fall below support limits; [5] Agencies oversee the storage of commodities; [6] Transportation of goods is facilitated through various infrastructure development projects. The major issues addressed include farm prices/incomes, food security, market failures, conflicting policies, and consumer protections.
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 7-mktg of agricultural commodities
The document discusses commodity exchanges and futures markets. It provides definitions for key terms like physical markets, futures markets, commodity exchanges, spot prices, futures prices, bull and bear markets. It describes the functions of the Kuala Lumpur Commodities Exchange in Malaysia and how it facilitates trading of commodities like crude palm oil, tin, and rubber. It also outlines different types of traders in futures markets like speculators and hedgers, and how hedging can help manage price risk for agricultural commodities.
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 8-international marketing
This document discusses several key aspects of international marketing:
1) It defines international marketing and explains that the main difference from domestic marketing is operating in more than one country.
2) It outlines various factors to consider in international marketing, including demographic, economic, natural, technological, political/legal, and social/cultural factors.
3) It discusses market penetration strategy and various methods for entering international markets such as exporting, licensing, franchising, foreign direct investment, and specialized entry modes.
4) It lists questions a company should consider about their ability and readiness before expanding internationally.
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 1-introduction
The document provides an overview of agricultural marketing concepts. It discusses key topics such as the definition of agricultural marketing, farm marketing, the agricultural marketing circle, agribusiness marketing, marketing utilities, marketing concepts, the importance of marketing, the food and fiber system, the development and role of agricultural marketing, and the structure of agricultural products and production. The main purpose is to introduce foundational concepts in agricultural marketing.
More from watak manga pilu (18)
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 9 power transmission
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 9 power transmission
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 5-marginal cost & mktg efficiencies
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 5-marginal cost & mktg efficiencies
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 4-approach to mktg problem
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 4-approach to mktg problem
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 2-problem & characteristic of agri mar...
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 2-problem & characteristic of agri mar...
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 6-involvement ofgovernagencyinagrmktg
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 6-involvement ofgovernagencyinagrmktg
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 7-mktg of agricultural commodities
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 7-mktg of agricultural commodities
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 8-international marketing
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 8-international marketing
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 1-introduction
Agriculture Marketing (Mkt165) chapter 1-introduction
Recently uploaded
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the irresponsible use of machine intelligence in May 2024
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a Website
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
“I’m still / I’m still / Chaining from the Block”
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Revolutionizing Application Development
with AI-powered low-code, presentation by George Aspiotis, Sr. Partner Development Manager, Microsoft
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Recently uploaded (20)
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a Website
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a Website
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
Agriculture Engineering-chptr 6
- 1. TWO STROKE ENGINE CYCLE
- 2. Two Stroke Engine • Used to provides power for small machines for farms or in horticultural work • Examples of 2 stroke engine are hand operated hedge trimmers, hand operated chain saws, small rotary cultivators, grass cutters and horticultural sprayers • Valves are not normally fitted in 2 stroke engine, instead opening known as ports are arranged in the walls of the cylinder
- 3. • Inlet port – where the carburetor is attached and fuel/air enters the crankcase • Transfer port – where compressed fuel/air is transferred from crankcase to combustion chamber, ready for compression stroke • Exhaust port – at the end of power stroke the piston uncovers the exhaust port and spend gasses escape
- 5. The Intake Stroke The piston moves down, inlet port closed and induction port opened • This downward movement of the piston creates a partial vacuum and air rushes through the transmission port into the cylinder
- 6. The Compression Stroke • The piston moves up, 2 events is involved; • Induction port and exhaust port closed on compression of a previous charge, a partial vacuum is created in the sealed crankcase • The piston uncovers the inlet port and air rushes through the carburetor taking fuel/air mixture with it into the crankcase
- 7. The Power Stroke When the piston is in Top Dead Centre, the spark plug sets fire to the mixture which burns and expand, and in doing so forces down the piston
- 8. The Exhaust Stroke The piston moves down again, 2 events involved; • The exhaust port open so that the spent gasses escaped • The inlet port closed and induction port opened on compression the fuel/air mixture into the cylinder
- 9. Engine Governor • The governor is a device which automatically controls the speed of the engine under varying load.
- 10. Function 1) Maintain a selected speed 2) Limit the slow and fast speed 3) Shut down the engine when it over speeds
- 11. • Governor on the engine automatically regulates speed at whatever setting you select on the speed control (throttle lever) • If engine machine is operated much faster than the top speed specified, wear increases rapidly • If operated much slower, less power is available and operating costs increases
- 12. Operation of Governor After you set the speed control lever, the job of the governor is to adjust the amount of fuel-air mixture so that the engine speed remains the same even though the load varies The governor must be sensitive to speed changes The governor is mounted on the engine camshaft where it is directly affected by any slight in change in engine speed
- 13. THANK YOU