Agriculture Engineering-chptr14
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The document discusses factors that determine machine capacity, including speed, width, and efficiency. It defines theoretical field capacity as the maximum capacity at a given speed using the machine's full width. Effective field capacity is the actual capacity achievable over time and brings in the efficiency factor to represent real-world performance below the theoretical maximum. Understanding machine capacities allows farm managers to appropriately plan equipment purchases and ensure field operations can be completed on schedule.
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2 maintainance of_farm_machinery
Here are the answers to the questions:
a) Drawbar power available = 75% of 96 HP = 72 HP
Speed = Drawbar power x 375 / Load
= 72 HP x 375 / 5000 lbs
= 4.32 mph
b) Width of plow = 3 ft = 36 in
Area of plow = Width x Depth = 36 x 8 = 288 in^2
Load per inch = Soil resistance x Area = 20 psi x 288 in^2 = 5760 lbs
Total load = Load per inch x Width = 5760 x 36 = 207,360 lbs
Speed = 5 mph
Power required = Load x Speed / 375 = 207,360 x 5 / 375 = 110 HP
Maintainance of farm machinery
This document discusses maintaining farm machinery. It emphasizes the importance of keeping logs for each tractor that record usage details like hours worked, fuel consumed, and repairs. A proper maintenance schedule is recommended to minimize breakdowns and lower costs. The capacity and efficiency of farm equipment is also addressed, showing how to calculate theoretical and effective field capacities based on width, speed, and other factors. Matching the appropriate power unit to farm implements is also covered.
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Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. This presentation will discuss different tillage operations and equipment used for the land preparation.
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1) The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a power unit, such as a tractor, to match the size and type of machines used for field operations.
2) Key factors include the engine type, power ratings, soil resistance, tractor and implement sizes, and matching implements to the tractor's power output to avoid overloading.
3) Power is measured in horsepower or kilowatts, with drawbar, PTO, and brake power representing the tractor's pulling, power take-off, and maximum engine power respectively. The document provides formulas to calculate power needs based on implement size, soil conditions, and operating speed.
Performance evaluation of manual reaper and development of a new reaper
This document summarizes the performance evaluation of an intermittent rice reaper. The reaper was tested on plots ranging from 10-103 square meters. The reaper achieved a field capacity of 155-836 square meters per hour, compared to manually harvesting rates of 302-857 square meters per hour. Harvesting costs per hectare were Tk. 4032 for the reaper and Tk. 9600 for manual harvesting, providing a net savings of Tk. 4398 per hectare using the reaper. The time to harvest one hectare was 24 hours using the reaper versus 180 hours manually. The conclusions were that the reaper was 7.5 times faster and had a 11.2 times higher field capacity than manual harvesting.
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Mortimer McMaster, owner of Moo-Moo Milk Markers dairy farm, is expanding operations to include row crops of soybeans and wheat to supplement farm revenue. The task is to determine the costs and profits of farming 7,800 acres using conventional double cropping of soybeans and wheat. Two systems will be analyzed: one using multiple smaller implements and tractors, and one using fewer but larger implements and tractors. A detailed 10-year cost analysis of both systems will determine the best system for the farm's size.
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The document discusses mining methods and equipment used for underground coal mining using the bord and pillar method. It provides specifications for various mining equipment used including Load Haul Dumpers (LHDs), Side Discharge Loaders (SDLs), drilling machines, conveyors, haulage systems, and their capacities. Formulas are given to calculate production rates based on machine specifications and operating parameters.
PERFORMANCE STUDY OF MANUAL REAPER COMPARED TO MANUAL AND COMBINE HARVESTING ...
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The document presents research comparing the performance and costs of manual reaping, combine harvesting, and manual harvesting of rice and wheat in Bangladesh. It describes the equipment, experimental methodology including plot sizes and locations, and results including fuel consumption, field capacity, and cost analysis of the different harvesting methods. The findings indicate that combine harvesting has the highest field capacity and lowest costs, while manual harvesting has the lowest field capacity and highest costs.Recommended
2 maintainance of_farm_machinery
Here are the answers to the questions:
a) Drawbar power available = 75% of 96 HP = 72 HP
Speed = Drawbar power x 375 / Load
= 72 HP x 375 / 5000 lbs
= 4.32 mph
b) Width of plow = 3 ft = 36 in
Area of plow = Width x Depth = 36 x 8 = 288 in^2
Load per inch = Soil resistance x Area = 20 psi x 288 in^2 = 5760 lbs
Total load = Load per inch x Width = 5760 x 36 = 207,360 lbs
Speed = 5 mph
Power required = Load x Speed / 375 = 207,360 x 5 / 375 = 110 HP
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This document discusses maintaining farm machinery. It emphasizes the importance of keeping logs for each tractor that record usage details like hours worked, fuel consumed, and repairs. A proper maintenance schedule is recommended to minimize breakdowns and lower costs. The capacity and efficiency of farm equipment is also addressed, showing how to calculate theoretical and effective field capacities based on width, speed, and other factors. Matching the appropriate power unit to farm implements is also covered.
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Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. This presentation will discuss different tillage operations and equipment used for the land preparation.
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1) The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a power unit, such as a tractor, to match the size and type of machines used for field operations.
2) Key factors include the engine type, power ratings, soil resistance, tractor and implement sizes, and matching implements to the tractor's power output to avoid overloading.
3) Power is measured in horsepower or kilowatts, with drawbar, PTO, and brake power representing the tractor's pulling, power take-off, and maximum engine power respectively. The document provides formulas to calculate power needs based on implement size, soil conditions, and operating speed.
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This document summarizes the performance evaluation of an intermittent rice reaper. The reaper was tested on plots ranging from 10-103 square meters. The reaper achieved a field capacity of 155-836 square meters per hour, compared to manually harvesting rates of 302-857 square meters per hour. Harvesting costs per hectare were Tk. 4032 for the reaper and Tk. 9600 for manual harvesting, providing a net savings of Tk. 4398 per hectare using the reaper. The time to harvest one hectare was 24 hours using the reaper versus 180 hours manually. The conclusions were that the reaper was 7.5 times faster and had a 11.2 times higher field capacity than manual harvesting.
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Mortimer McMaster, owner of Moo-Moo Milk Markers dairy farm, is expanding operations to include row crops of soybeans and wheat to supplement farm revenue. The task is to determine the costs and profits of farming 7,800 acres using conventional double cropping of soybeans and wheat. Two systems will be analyzed: one using multiple smaller implements and tractors, and one using fewer but larger implements and tractors. A detailed 10-year cost analysis of both systems will determine the best system for the farm's size.
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The document presents research comparing the performance and costs of manual reaping, combine harvesting, and manual harvesting of rice and wheat in Bangladesh. It describes the equipment, experimental methodology including plot sizes and locations, and results including fuel consumption, field capacity, and cost analysis of the different harvesting methods. The findings indicate that combine harvesting has the highest field capacity and lowest costs, while manual harvesting has the lowest field capacity and highest costs.Massive Advantage in Mining - Using Scrapers for Efficient Material Transport...
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3. Drawbar power is the power available at the rear hitch of
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Tillage and cultivation are important mechanical soil processes for crop growth. Primary tillage, like plowing, is more aggressive and leaves the soil rough, while secondary tillage works the soil shallowly to level, firm, and control weeds. Common primary tillage implements include moldboard plows and chisel plows, while common secondary tillage implements are disc harrows and cultivators. Tillage machines can be mounted, semi-mounted, or trailed depending on how they attach to tractors.
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The 3-point hitch system is used on farming tractors to attach implements like plows and cultivators. It consists of a center link and two lift arms or links that connect to the implement. Category II implements should have their mast holes located 610 mm above the lower pins. The rockshaft position control lever raises and lowers the hitch to adjust the implement height, while the draft control lever controls the hitch position under load. Proper adjustment of the hitch links is needed to level the front-to-back and side-to-side position of the attached implement.
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This document discusses various farm machines and equipment used for tillage operations. It describes tractors, bulldozers, ploughs, harrows, cultivators, and rollers. Tractors are used to pull other implements like disc harrows and ploughs. Bulldozers are used for tilling, clearing weeds, moving earth, and leveling soil. Ploughs like disc ploughs, chisel ploughs, and mouldboard ploughs are used for opening, loosening, and turning over soil. Harrows, cultivators, and rollers are secondary tillage implements used after ploughing to further break up soil clods and prepare the seedbed. Proper
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Farm mechanization plays an important role in the economic development of Pakistan. It involves using machinery like tractors and tube-wells instead of intensive labor. While Pakistan's agriculture has traditionally relied heavily on labor, mechanization is needed to optimize land use and ensure growth. The introduction of machinery increased from 0.1 horsepower per cultivated acre to a recommended 0.2 horsepower. Despite constraints like lack of funds, the Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan arranged foreign credits in the 1960s to import tractors and finance tube-well installations, increasing mechanization. While further support from the World Bank is still needed to boost small farms and enterprises, increased use of efficient technology through farm mechanization can help reduce costs, raise incomes
Agricultural machineries overview
This document provides an overview of agricultural machinery classifications and terminology. It discusses:
1) The general classification of agricultural machineries into crop production and post-harvest categories, with crop production further divided into crop establishment and maintenance machineries.
2) Different types of power control systems for tractor implements, including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and cable controls.
3) Key terms and classifications related to soil tillage, including types of tillage actions, objectives, requirements and systems. It also discusses various tillage implements and tools.
Scope of Farm Mechanization
This document discusses the scope and importance of farm mechanization. It notes that farm mechanization involves the use of machinery in agriculture, such as tractors and tube wells. The document outlines how farm mechanization improves efficiency, increases productivity and crop yields, reduces costs and labor needs, and helps conserve resources. It provides examples of how mechanizing operations like tilling, sowing, irrigation and harvesting can help ensure timely completion of tasks. The document estimates that farm mechanization can result in savings of 15-30% for seeds, fertilizers, time and labor, and an overall 10-15% increase in farm productivity.
cc tn aed aetc am&e p&p 2 tractors, farm equipments., ...
Tamil Nadu, Agricultural Engineering Department, Agricultural Machinery Training Centre, Tiruchirapalli,Training on Newly Developed Agricultural Machinery & Equipments,(Past & Present) - An 'U' Turn Look by Coomarasamy. C, Formerly EE, AED
Two-wheel tractor, conservation agriculture and private sector involvement
This document discusses a project aimed at improving smallholder farmer access to mechanization in Eastern and Southern Africa through the use of two-wheeled tractors (2WTs). The project goals are to reduce labor drudgery and minimize trade-offs between biomass and productivity. It operates in 4 countries with a budget of $6 million from various partners. The document discusses challenges like labor shortages and analyzes myths around mechanization. It argues that conservation agriculture using 2WTs can increase efficiency and proposes various business models to commercialize small mechanization services.
Broiler management-for-indo09-10-2006
This document provides guidance on broiler management during the brooding period. It discusses the importance of chick quality, house preparation, water and feed quality, and maintaining proper temperatures and humidity levels. Key points include planning chick deliveries to minimize differences in parent flock ages, pre-heating the house and preparing equipment before chick arrival, ensuring constant access to water and supplemental feeders for the first week, and monitoring early growth to ensure targets are met. Close attention must be paid to temperature gradients, ventilation, lighting and humidity levels to allow the chicks to grow properly.
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Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
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The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
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Agriculture Engineering-chptr14
- 2. INTRODUCTION The capacity of a machine is its rate of performance The performance capacity will be measured in terms of acres per hour (ha./hr), tons per hour, liter per minute, etc. Understanding how to estimate capacities of machines will help farm managers plan to buy for future use To know machine capacities for selection of power units and equipment that can complete field operations on time Important to avoid the added expenses of larger than necessary machines
- 3. Factors That Determined Machine Capacity 1. Speed - average rate of travel in km/hr. 2. Width - distance in feet/meters across the processing portion of the machine 3. Efficiency – ratio of effective capacity of a machine to its theoretical capacity – an indicator of how much time is spent working versus turning, filling hoppers and other jobs
- 4. Theoretical Field Capacity (TFC) Is the maximum possible capacity obtainable at a given speed, assuming the machine is using its full width TFC uses two of the factors – speed and width. Effective Field Capacity (EFC) The best way to determine EFC of a machine is to make an accurate check of the number of acres (hectares) actually covered over a long period of time EFC brings in the factor of efficiency. This capacity determination represent the real life or actual capacity obtainable over a period of time
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