This presentation describes what is new public health with adapted components from the previous eras of public health. Health promotion and evolution of public health is covered here.
This presentation describes what is new public health with adapted components from the previous eras of public health. Health promotion and evolution of public health is covered here.
The scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other evidence-based practices into routine practice and hence improve the quality and effectiveness of health services
The Top Five Essentials for Quality Improvement in HealthcareHealth Catalyst
Quality improvement in healthcare is complicated, but we’re beginning to understand what successful quality improvement programs have in common:
Adaptive leadership, culture, and governance
Analytics
Evidence- and consensus-based best practices
Adoption
Financial alignment
Although understanding the top five essentials for quality improvement in healthcare is key, it’s equally important to understand the most useful definitions and key considerations. For example, how different service delivery models (telemedicine, ACO, etc.) impact quality improvement programs and how quality improvement starts with an organization’s underlying systems of care.
This executive report takes an in-depth look at quality improvement with the goal of providing health systems with not only the top five essentials but also a more comprehensive understanding of the topic so they’re in a better position to improve quality and, ultimately, transform healthcare.
Advanced practice nursing; an expanded nursing role on an international level Hanze University Groningen
Eduprof Expertmeeting 14-15 April 2011 Groningen.
Workshop Nursing
presentation on Advanced practice nursing; an expanded nursing role on an international level by Mrs. P. Roodbol, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen. The Netherlands
Health Workforce Planning, Training and Curriculum DevelopmentPrabesh Ghimire
Declaration: The materials incorporated in this document have come from variety of sources and compiler bears no responsibilities for any information contained herein. The compiler acknowledges all the sources although references have not been explicitly cited for all the contents in this document.
The scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other evidence-based practices into routine practice and hence improve the quality and effectiveness of health services
The Top Five Essentials for Quality Improvement in HealthcareHealth Catalyst
Quality improvement in healthcare is complicated, but we’re beginning to understand what successful quality improvement programs have in common:
Adaptive leadership, culture, and governance
Analytics
Evidence- and consensus-based best practices
Adoption
Financial alignment
Although understanding the top five essentials for quality improvement in healthcare is key, it’s equally important to understand the most useful definitions and key considerations. For example, how different service delivery models (telemedicine, ACO, etc.) impact quality improvement programs and how quality improvement starts with an organization’s underlying systems of care.
This executive report takes an in-depth look at quality improvement with the goal of providing health systems with not only the top five essentials but also a more comprehensive understanding of the topic so they’re in a better position to improve quality and, ultimately, transform healthcare.
Advanced practice nursing; an expanded nursing role on an international level Hanze University Groningen
Eduprof Expertmeeting 14-15 April 2011 Groningen.
Workshop Nursing
presentation on Advanced practice nursing; an expanded nursing role on an international level by Mrs. P. Roodbol, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen. The Netherlands
Health Workforce Planning, Training and Curriculum DevelopmentPrabesh Ghimire
Declaration: The materials incorporated in this document have come from variety of sources and compiler bears no responsibilities for any information contained herein. The compiler acknowledges all the sources although references have not been explicitly cited for all the contents in this document.
Presentation by Frank Principi at the 2009 Virginia Health Equity Conference, as part of the panel, "Advocacy 101: Strategies to Build Local, State and National Support for Health Equity"
Presentation by Rick Shinn at the 2009 Virginia Health Equity Conference - Part of the panel discussion, "Advocacy 101: Strategies to Build Local, State and National Support for Health Equity"
The key book for this document is Forsyth's "Group Dynamics". These are lecture notes for BS students of Social Work and Sociology, 1st semester, University of Peshawar.
Concept and definitions
Health education
Beliefs and approaches in health promotion
Health promotion strategies and priority actions
Public health, social movement, health inequity and millennium goals
Canadian experience in health promotion
Conclusion
Presentation by Sophia Beltran, Molly Morris, Aisha Dahir, Siobhan Ring, & Angeles Solis at 2016 Science of HOPE
“We are moving closer to justice and will have our impact when our communities can speak for themselves without fear.” – Michelle DiMiscio, CHW
What are the important elements in authentic advocacy? As problem solvers, community organizers and allies, we invite you to identify advocacy in your own story. Together with the Children’s Alliance, Community Health Workers from across the state welcome you to a powerful dialogue where you can walk away with the knowledge of how to elevate authentic voices in advocacy.
A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate and share available resources.
Components of computer network
Network benefits
Disadvantages of computer network
Classification by their geographical area
Network classification by their component role
Types of servers
Reasons for Disparities in Health and HealthCareYiscah Bracha
Draws attention to population health, and ways to assess differences between populations in health and health care. Presented to an ethnically diverse group of residents at a family practice clinic in Minneapolis. August 08.
Case studyTJ, a 32-year-old pregnant lesbian, is being seen for .docxtroutmanboris
Case study
TJ, a 32-year-old pregnant lesbian, is being seen for an annual physical exam and has been having vaginal discharge. Her pregnancy has been without complication thus far. She has been receiving prenatal care from an obstetrician. She received sperm from a local sperm bank. She is currently taking prenatal vitamins and takes over-the-counter Tylenol for aches and pains on occasion. She has a strong family history of diabetes. Gravida 1; Para 0; Abortions 0.
May 2012, Alice Randall wrote an article for
The New York Times
on the cultural factors that encouraged black women to maintain a weight above what is considered healthy. Randall explained—from her observations and her personal experience as a black woman—that many African-American communities and cultures consider women who are overweight to be more beautiful and desirable than women at a healthier weight. As she put it, “Many black women are fat because we want to be” (Randall, 2012).
Randall’s statements sparked a great deal of controversy and debate; however, they emphasize an underlying reality in the healthcare field: different populations, cultures, and groups have diverse beliefs and practices that impact their health. Nurses and healthcare professionals should be aware of this reality and adapt their health assessment techniques and recommendations to accommodate diversity.
Consider different socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors that should be taken into considerations when building a health history for patients with diverse backgrounds.
To prepare:
Reflect on your experiences as a nurse and on the information provided in this week’s Learning Resources on diversity issues in health assessments.
Reflect on the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors related to the health of the patient assigned to you.
Consider how you would build a health history for the patient. What questions would you ask, and how would you frame them to be sensitive to the patient’s background, lifestyle, and culture? Develop five targeted questions you would ask the patient to build his or her health history and to assess his or her health risks.
Think about the challenges associated with communicating with patients from a variety of specific populations. What strategies can you as a nurse employ to be sensitive to different cultural factors while gathering pertinent information?
Post
a 3-4 page explanation of the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors associated with the patient you were assigned.
Explain the issues that you would need to be sensitive to when interacting with the patient, and why.
Provide at least five targeted questions you would ask the patient to build his or her health history and to assess his or her health risks.
Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019).
Seidel's guide to physical examination: An interprofessional appr.
Defining a Culturally Competent Organization Culturally competent .docxvickeryr87
Defining a Culturally Competent Organization Culturally competent health care, broadly defined as services that are respectful of and responsive to the cultural and linguistic needs of patients, is increasingly viewed as essential in reducing racial and ethnic disparities, improving health care quality, and controlling costs. The U.S. government considers cultural competence as a method of increasing access to quality care for all patients. The aim should be to develop systems more responsive to diverse populations. Managed care organizations view cultural competence as driving both quality and business. By embedding cultural competence strategies into quality improvement initiatives to make care more efficient and effective, clinical outcomes are improved while costs are controlled. Those in academic settings agree that cultural competency education is crucial for preparing future health care workers, although appropriate education on the topic is provided in only half of the medical schools in the United States (Betancourt, Green, Carrillo, & Park, 2005). According to the Office of Minority Health, cultural competence refers to the ability of health care providers and organizations to understand and respond effectively to the cultural and linguistic needs of patients (Office of Minority Health, 2001). Cultural competence encompasses a wide range of activities and considerations. It includes providing respectful care that is consistent with cultural health beliefs of the clients and family members. Competent interpreter services and programs to promote staff diversity are other ways in which health care organizations can increase cultural competence (Clancy & Stryer, 2001). Because communication is a cornerstone of patient safety and quality care, every patient has the right to receive information in a manner he or she understands. Effective communication allows patients to participate more fully in their care. Communicating effectively with patients is also critical to the informed consent process and helps practitioners and hospitals give the best possible care. For communication to be effective, the information provided must be complete, accurate, timely, unambiguous, and understood by the patient. Many patients of varying circumstances require alternative communication methods: patients who speak and/or read languages other than English; patients who have limited literacy in any language; patients who have visual or hearing impairments; patients on ventilators; patients with cognitive impairments; and children. The hospital has many options available to assist in communication with these individuals, such as interpreters, translated written materials, pen and paper, communication boards, and speech therapy. It is up to the hospital to determine which method is the best for each patient. Various laws, regulations, and guidelines are relevant to the use of interpreters. These include Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, 1964; Executive Order .
Application Health Promotion organizations, non-profits, and agenci.docxhirstcruz
Application: Health Promotion organizations, non-profits, and agencies
our
University provides a diverse community of career professionals with the opportunity to transform themselves as scholar-practitioners so that they may transform society.
—The University Mission
The university mission is a key component of the Walden experience, and throughout your program of study you will be asked to consider how you might apply what you have learned toward the "greater good" of your community.
The Application Assignment for this week is intended to focus on the mission and to encourage you to consider personal or community action you could take in order to affect meaningful change in the health of individuals in your community.
To prepare
for this Application Assignment, locate at least four organizations that contribute to the health of your own community. For each, consider how you might participate in any of their activities—how you could make a difference personally. Examples of ways that you could personally foster a change in your community include:
Buying locally grown produce
Donating food to community organizations
Building homes for the underprivileged
Volunteering at an after-school program
To complete
this Application Assignment, write a
1- to 2-page paper
that includes the following:
A list of the four organizations you located. Describe the mission or purpose of each. (Some examples or organizations and non-profits are listed in the website area).
Select one of the organizations for which you might like to volunteer or make some kind of contribution. Then describe the type(s) of personal actions you could take, with the support of the organization, to contribute to your community. Explain why you chose these particular actions and how this involvement aligns with Walden’s mission.
If you are already involved in community service activities, name and describe the organization with which you work. Also explain how you contribute to the organization’s activities.
Note
: The purpose of this Application is to encourage you to begin thinking about what you might do to contribute to your community. You are not required to volunteer or take part in any activities. The objective is to begin thinking about ways you could apply the Walden mission.
Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week's Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the
Essential Guide to APA Style for Walden Students
to ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct.
Learning Resources
Required Resources
Media
Video:
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2009).
Concepts of health promotion:
Health promotion and prevention in practice.
Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note:
The approximate length of this media piece is 18 minutes.
Dr. Beilenson begins this media program by describing the types of prevention that are normally used in maintaining health or avoiding disease. Dr. Jeffery Levi pr.
Reviews The Legitimate Equity Disparities In HealthcareHealth 2Conf
This presentation highlights innovative solutions to tackle legitimate equity disparities in healthcare. Learn how to improve access to quality care for all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or other factors. Access experts’ insights through the Health 2.0 Conference on new research, best practices, and tools that can help patients fight for health equity.
Application Access to Quality Health Care for Vulnerable Population.docxhirstcruz
Application: Access to Quality Health Care for Vulnerable Populations
Access to quality health care for disparate populations is a critical challenge for today's health care organizations and for the health care system as a whole. In this Application Assignment, you will describe the advantages and challenges facing the health care system in providing equal access to quality health care.
To prepare
for this Application Assignment, consider how health care is delivered to populations who are sometimes affected by the
Healthy People assigned focus area
you were previously assigned.
To complete
this Application Assignment,
write a
2- to 3-page paper
(essay style) that addresses the following:
What two obstacles confront vulnerable/underserved populations when they attempt to obtain quality health care
Healthy People assigned focus area
(e.g., a prevention program, screening program, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation)? Be specific.
Name and describe
two
intervention programs that have addressed these obstacles (e.g., prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation). You can find examples of these on the internet or by searching the library databases (CINAHL). Try searching with your Healthy People area (i.e. obestiy; heart disease) as a key term as well as the word "intervention" or "program"). You may also try looking at professional organizations that address that health issue. For example, the American Diabetes Association sponsors a program called "Project Power" which addresses diabetes type 2 among African Americans—specifically for church settings.
In your paper, summarize the programs by including the following:
The name of the program
The type of program (hospital based; for churches; online program, etc.)
Who has implemented the program (researchers, professional group, university, state, etc.) and where was it implemented:
For example, training programs are sometimes offered by commercial businesses and programs or activities are sometimes sponsored by federal government or professional organizations.
The types of services the program provides
How the program has addressed disparities
The achievements of the program
Does it address the issue of culture? How so?
Is there any evidence that it has been successful?
Your written assignments must follow APA guidelines (6th edition). Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week's Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the
Essential Guide to APA Style for Walden Students
to ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct. Also, since this is one of your only applications, you may want to submit this to a Walden Writing Center tutor first as well as run it through Turnitin.com prior to submission.
Learning Resources
Required Resources
Media
Video:
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2009).
Behavioral and cultural issues in health care:
Health care disparities.
Baltimo.
Creating adaptable communities summary from Empowering Adaptable Communities ...Innovations2Solutions
Sodexo was honored to be a featured presenter at the 2nd Annual Atlantic Center for Population Health Sciences Empowering Adaptable Communities Summit. The Summit was held on October 21 and 22, 2015, in Morristown, New Jersey, at the College of Saint Elizabeth. The event was devoted to providing new insights, information, inspiration, and personal connections in our united efforts to empower communities to be more adaptable.
EHR In Health Care Essay
Health Care Professionals Essay
Is Health Care a Right or a Privilege? Essay
Health Care Provider Essay
Essay on Quality Health Care
Healthcare in the United States Essay
The Cost Of Health Care Essay
Us vs Canada Health Essay
Managed Care Essay
Primary Health Care Essay examples
Health Care Essay
Essay On Health Care
The Problem Of Health Care Essay
Introduces Value-based Healthcare, an important concept for transforming healthcare making it more cost-effective, sustainable, and patient-centered. Strategically, it makes the healthcare providers accountable to the desired patient and health system "valued" outcomes.
https://youtu.be/-oOuJfpRFpY
Strategies to fix healthcare systems v1Imad Hassan
3. Names the essential and strategic concepts that leaders in healthcare need to master. They need to be incorporated into any modern healthcare system to make it successful, sustainable and highly-responsive. Around 6 minutes.
https://youtu.be/KQRxbNORHF8
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
5. Social Accountability of
Clinicians
For well over a decade, there have been
persistent requests for
Medical schools to be
Socially and community responsive, and to
improve medical education to better prepare
future physicians to
Identify and collaboratively address
broader determinants of health.
Boelen C, Woollard B. Social accountability and accreditation: a new frontier for educational
institutions. Med Educ. 2009;43(9):887-94.
6. What is meant by
ADVOCACY?
Traditional meaning
Advocacy means different things to
different people.
Its plain English meaning is that advocacy
is supporting another person’s cause or
idea.
You r
someone
else tongue!
7. What is meant by
ADVOCACY?
advocacy ,
championship ,
upholding , patronage
, sponsorship ,
espousal
•
•
•
support (ing) ,
standing by ,
advocacy ,
championship ,
upholding , patronage
, sponsorship
•
•
11. What is this Disease?
About a third of all beds in government
hospitals are occupied by its victims.
More than 275,000 men, women and
children are affected annually
Around 20 of its victims die on a daily
basis.
Most of those who die are aged 20-40
years old
13. KSA ADVOCACY FOR ROAD
SAFETY!
According to the Traffic division of the Ministry
of Interior in Riyadh, the average annual
economic loss related to traffic accidents in
Saudi Arabia is estimated at 21 billion Saudi
riyals. That is equivalent to $5.6 billion dollars a
year.
On average, 19.1 deaths occur every day and makes
the Kingdom’s roads some of the most dangerous in
the world.
More than 275,000 men, women and children
are injured annually
Speeding is the most common cause.
14. Health Advocate Role
Frank JR, Langer B. Collaboration, communication, management, and
advocacy: teaching surgeons new skills through the CanMEDS
Project. World J Surg. 2003;27(8):972-8.
“vulnerable or marginalized”
“the ethical and professional issues inherent in health advocacy,
including altruism, social justice, autonomy, integrity and
idealism.”
15. Health Advocate Role
As Health Advocates, physicians responsibly use their
expertise and influence to advance the health
and well-being of individual patients,
communities, and populations.
16. Health Advocate Role
1. Respond to individual patient health needs
and issues as part of patient care
2. Identify opportunities for advocacy, health
promotion and disease prevention in the
communities & individuals that they serve,
and respond appropriately
3. Identify the determinants of health of the
populations and individuals, including
barriers to access to care and resources; and
implement a change
4. Identify vulnerable or marginalized
populations within those served and respond
appropriately
18. Health Advocate Role
Respond to individual
patient health needs and
issues as part of patient care
* Biological
* Cultural
* Social
* Financial
* Psychological
19. Health Advocate Role
Identify opportunities for advocacy, health
promotion and disease prevention in the
communities & individuals that they serve, and
respond appropriately
20. Health Advocate Role
Identify opportunities for advocacy, health
promotion and disease prevention in
the communities & individuals that
they serve, and respond appropriately
* Screening: Primary
Prevention
* Secondary
Prevention
* Public Interventions
21. Health Advocate Role
Identify the determinants of health of the
populations and individuals, including barriers
to access to care and resources; and implement
a change
22. Health Advocate Role
Identify the determinants of health of the
populations, including barriers to access to
care and resources; and implement a
change
* Environmental
* Political/ Social Justice
* Economic
* Ethnic/Genetic
* Cultural/Life-style
24. Training in Health Advocacy:
A Difficult Undertaking
Leveridge M, Beiko D, Wilson JW, Siemens DR. Health advocacy training in urology: a
Canadian survey on attitudes and experience in residency. Can Urol Assoc J. 2007
Nov;1(4):363-9.
Oandasan IF. Health advocacy: bringing clarity to educators through the voices of
physician health advocates. Acad Med 2005;80(10):S38-41.
Verma S, Flynn L, Seguin R. Faculty’s and residents’ perceptions of teaching and
evaluating the role of health advocate: a study at one Canadian university. Acad Med
2005;80:103-8.
Oandasan IF, Barker KK. Educating for advocacy: exploring the source and substance of
community-responsive physicians. Acad Med 2003;78(10):S16-9.
Herbert CP. The fifth principle. Family physicians as advocates. Can Fam Physician
2001;47:2441-3, 2448-51.
25. Training in Health Advocacy:
A Difficult Undertaking
Little research has been conducted on
medical educators' perspectives on
the role of physician as Health
Advocate, and how it can be
effectively taught, integrated into
medical curricula and subsequent
clinical practice, and evaluated.
26. Case Scenario
A 62 year old poorly-controlled
hypertensive (Poor Compliance) female
patient presenting with an acute rightsided weakness. Smoked for most of her
life. Not on any medications. CT confirmed
a left hemispheric infarct.
29. What are The Expected
Advocacy Actions?
Biological Needs
Swallowing, Bladder, Bowel
Preventive: Aspiration, Bed-sores, DVT
Secondary Prevention: Smoking Cessation,
Aspirin
30. What are The Expected
Advocacy Actions?
Biological Needs
Specialty Referrals e.g. Stroke Unit, Physio,
Speech Therapy, Social worker, Discharge
Planner, Nutritionist, Occupational Therapist
etc. to access all available in-patient and outpatient resources etc.
31. What are The Expected
Advocacy Actions?
Economic Needs
Financial Support
32. What are The Expected
Advocacy Actions?
Psychological Support/
Psychotherapy
Anti-depressants
33. What are The Expected
Advocacy Actions?
Cultural Needs
Education on disease, medications, healthcare
resources of Care (rehab, HHC etc)
34. What are The Expected
Advocacy Actions?
Social Needs
Home environment
Wheelchair
Special bed
Family Education
Access to Healthcare e.g. GP
35. What are The Expected
Advocacy Actions?
Health promotion and disease prevention
Screening: Screening for DM, Dyslipidemia,
Osteoporosis, Mammography, Vitamin D
Deficiency, Hypothyroidism, Cervical Cancer,
Dental Chk, Eye Chk, Colon Ca etc
Vaccinations e.g. Flu, Pneumococcal
36. What are The Expected
Advocacy Actions?
Community Needs
Education on Stroke
Prevention
Stroke Societies membership
Ministry of Health Visits/Rotation
41. Knowledge Translation in Advocacy
Use: Translational Education
Training staff in Advocacy is expected to
lead to a median improvement of:
10%
30%
50%
70%
100%
Grimshaw J, Thomas RE, Maclennan G, et al.: Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and
implementation strategies. Health Technol Assess 2004, 8(6):.
42. Knowledge Translation in Advocacy
Use: Translational Education
Training staff in Advocacy is expected to
lead to a median improvement of:
10%
30%
50%
70%
100%
Grimshaw J, Thomas RE, Maclennan G, et al.: Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and
implementation strategies. Health Technol Assess 2004, 8(6):.
43. KT Principles to Improve
Patient Advocacy
Individual/Staff Interventions
Education (lectures, leaflets, posters etc)
Clinical Training: Bedside-Training, Morning
Meeting etc
Monitoring and Assessment of staff advocacy
activities/actions
Organizational Interventions: System
Redesign
Checklists, Pathway, Advocacy Team (Stroke
Team)
The non-medical expert roles introduce relatively new skill sets for physicians, HA Role relates specifically to the physician’s social responsibility to identify and respond appropriately to the needs of “vulnerable or marginalized” people, Andto attend to “the ethical and professional issues inherent in health advocacy, including altruism, social justice, autonomy, integrity and idealism.”