This document provides an overview of conceptual frameworks for understanding health systems. It defines a health system as all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health. It discusses several frameworks developed by the WHO and others to conceptualize the different components, actors and relationships within health systems. It acknowledges that health systems are complex and dynamic, with unpredictable paths of implementation for interventions. The document emphasizes that health systems should be viewed holistically as interconnected systems centered around people.
Healthcare is a major part of every country's development platform. By healthcare we are in fact protecting the most important driver of development. Healthcare systems are primarily safe guarding the development core engine and are the best means of sustainable development.
Health systems, goals of health system,
Leadership and Governance
Human Resource for Health
Health Financing
Medicines and Technologies
Service Delivery, and
Health Information System
Healthcare is a major part of every country's development platform. By healthcare we are in fact protecting the most important driver of development. Healthcare systems are primarily safe guarding the development core engine and are the best means of sustainable development.
Health systems, goals of health system,
Leadership and Governance
Human Resource for Health
Health Financing
Medicines and Technologies
Service Delivery, and
Health Information System
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
This is the product of compilation from various sources. I would like to acknowledge all direct and indirect sources although they have not been mentioned explicitly within the document.
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
Universal health coverage (UHC) is a vision where all people and communities have access to quality health services where and when they need them, without suffering financial hardship. It includes the full spectrum of services needed throughout life—from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care—and is best based on a strong primary health care system.
Understanding the concept of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and how can we reach it, both globally and also in India. The presentation also includes HLEG report , which is the proposed architecture for India's guide to reach UHC.
Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Bother?Renzo Guinto
Presentation delivered during the 2nd Social Oncology Forum with the theme "Social Determinants of Health in Agricultural Communities." November 10, 2013, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
This is the product of compilation from various sources. I would like to acknowledge all direct and indirect sources although they have not been mentioned explicitly within the document.
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
Universal health coverage (UHC) is a vision where all people and communities have access to quality health services where and when they need them, without suffering financial hardship. It includes the full spectrum of services needed throughout life—from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care—and is best based on a strong primary health care system.
Understanding the concept of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and how can we reach it, both globally and also in India. The presentation also includes HLEG report , which is the proposed architecture for India's guide to reach UHC.
Health for all- primary health care- millennium development goalsAhmed-Refat Refat
PHC is the essential care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable method and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost they and the country can afford to maintain in the spirit of self reliance and self determination.
Al
Primary Health Care, Objectives, Principles and Policy DirectionsHealth and Labour
Presentation by Dr.Hans Kluge e.a., director of Health Systems, WHO-Euro at the WHO/TNO/Dutchgovernment Congres 'Connecting Health and Labour' 29 - 1 December 2012
The presentation by Professor David Peters was given at the First Complex Adaptive Systems Training Workshop for CNHDRC, which was held in Beijing, China, from 18-19 July. It explains the basic elements of health systems and how they relate to a complex adaptive systems approach.
This ppt presentation discusses about the various models of mental illness. I found it useful to download as it gives a fair idea about various models which are generally not found in books.
Jim Warren
National Institute for Health Innovation (NIHI)
The University of Auckland
The presentation was accompanied by this video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbvmGqmIxXY
The research on “Maximizing Positive Synergies” project (MPS) engaged an ad hoc alliance of researchers from many countries and disciplines grouped in 3 consortia: Academic; Civil society; and Implementers.
Led by the GHD Project, the academic consortium comprised 15 of the world’s leading universities and institutions spanning all 6 of the WHO’s global regions. More than 75 individual researchers have contributed, and the consortium has generated case study evidence from more than 20 countries.
At the Second Global Symposium on Health Systems Research in Beijing (31 October to 3 November 2012), CHEPSAA presented the following presentation:
MIRZOEV, T., LE, G., KALLIECHARAN, R., AGYEPONG, I., ERASMUS, E., GOUDGE, J., KAMUZORA, P., U., L., OKEYO, S., DE SAVIGNY, D., TOMSON, G., UZOCHUKWU, B. & GILSON, L. (2012) Capacity for Health Policy and Systems Research and Analysis in seven African universities. Second Global Symposium on Health Systems Research. Beijing.
More from Collaboration for Health Policy & Systems Analysis in Africa (CHEPSAA) (19)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
What is a health system?
1. What is a health
system?
ICHS 2
www.hpsa-africa.org
@hpsa_africa
www.slideshare.net/hpsa_africa
Introduction to Complex Health
Systems
2. Outline
• Definition of health system
• Conceptual frameworks that help think
about health systems as basis for action
3. Key social goal…
Improve health by
average level of population
health
health inequities
Health systems
“All organizations, people and action whose
primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain
health”
WHO, 2007 http://www.who.int/healthsystems/strategy/en/
4. Health System
Health
• Beyond sickness
– mental & physical health
– social wellbeing
• Beyond the individual
– all agents promoting health &
wellbeing
– domestic/national AND
international factors impacting
on health and HS agents
A system is
any collection of related
parts
that interact
in an organized way
for a purpose
8. WHO Building Blocks
Strengths NB
• All health systems have
multiple goals
• Thinking ‘health systems’
requires consideration of
horizontal management &
support functions, and
resources, as well as
services & programmes
Weaknesses
• No sense of the
interactions among
blocks
• No explicit recognition of
the people & relationships
within & across blocks, or
what drives them
• Citizens/users are absent
10. van Olmen et al. 2012
Strengths
• More indication of
relationships among
blocks
– importance given to
leadership & governance,
service delivery
• Population part of the
system
• Influence of context and
values recognised
Weaknesses
• Limited sense of the
people within the system
• Influence of values &
principles still quite
hidden
13. Frenk model
Strengths
• More sense of range of
actors in the system e.g.
providers as well as
population recognised
• Nature of relationships
among organisations and
people made clear, and
shown to be quite varied
• Goes beyond health
services!
Weaknesses
• Simplicity AND
complexity
15. WHO Financing Framework
Strengths
• Zooms in on particular
actors & relationships
• Considers what drives
relationships
• Basis for generating
ideas for action
Weaknesses
• One particular lens being
used to see health
system: economics lens
– sees only certain actors
– assumes particular
behaviours and
relationships
17. Brinkerhoff & Bossert model
Strengths
• Zooms in on particular
actors & relationships
• Considers broadly what
drives relationships
• Basis for generating
ideas for action
Weaknesses
• One particular lens being
used to see health
system: accountability
lens
– sees only certain actors
22. Source
Of Funds
Procurement
Agent/Body
Point of 1st
warehousing
Point of 2nd
warehousing
MEDICAL STORE
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITYDISTRICT STORE
ZONAL MEDICAL STORE
ESSENTIAL
MEDICINES
ARVs MALARIA TB OI
ARVs
Ped
REAGENT
Blood safety
(+ HIV test)
VACCINES CONDOMS CONTRACEPTIVES
MEDICAL
SUPPLIES
REGIONAL/DISTRI
CT
VACCINE STORE
HEALTH FACILITY
GOVERNMENT
MULTILATERA
L DONOR
BILATERAL
DONOR
NGO/PRIVATE
AXIOS
TEC
&CC
T
CRS IMA CUAMMHOSPITAL COLUMBIA HOSPITAL
TEC
&CC
T
HEALTH FACILITY
HEALTH FACILITY HOSPITAL
TEC
&CC
T
ZONAL BLOOD
SAFETY CENTRE
Point of
Distribution
GOVERNMENT
W
BGLOBAL
FUND
S
I
D
A
P
E
P
F
A
R
U
S
A
I
D
U
N
I
C
E
F
W
H
O
A
B
B
O
T
T
C
S
S
C
C
O
L
U
M
B
I
A
P
F
I
Z
E
R
J
I
C
A
C
L
I
N
T
O
N
U
N
I
T
A
I
D
C
I
D
A
C
D
C
G
A
V
I
C
U
A
M
M
H
A
V
A
R
D
N
O
R
A
D
HOSPITAL
TEC
&
CCT
C
L
I
N
T
O
N
H
A
V
A
R
D
MEDICAL
STORE
C
R
S
S
C
M
S
E
G
P
A
F
MOH
&
SW
A
X
I
O
S
U
N
I
C
E
F
J
I
C
A
C
D
C
C
O
L
U
M
B
I
A
A
B
B
O
T
T
G
A
V
I
C
U
A
M
M
CROWN
AGENTS
U
S
A
I
D
T
M
A
P
A
X
I
O
S
PATIENT
Tightly linked
Medicines & Technologies building block – Tanzania 2007
24. Health system interventions have
unpredictable paths of implementation
Health system
Intervention
Recognising complexity
25. Health systems are dynamic & interconnected systems at
whose heart are people
Source: de Savigny and Adam (2009)
‘It is the multiple
relationships and
interactions
among the
building blocks ...
that convert these
blocks into a
system’
28. Figure 1. Health policy and systems: alternative perspectives.
Sheikh K, Gilson L, Agyepong IA, Hanson K, et al. (2011) Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: Framing the
Questions. PLoS Med 8(8): e1001073. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001073
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001073
30. Hardware:
Tangible software:
Intangible software:
capabilities to commit and
engage; adapt & self-renew;
balance diversity and
coherence
Organ-
isational
hierarchy
HR estab-
lishment
Technolog
y
Finance
Management
knowledge
and skills
Formal
management
processes
Values &
norms
Informal
rules
Relation-
ships
Comm-
unication
Understanding organisations
adapted from Aragon, 2010
31. All these ‘conceptual frameworks’
provide the basis for
• understanding
• investigating
• strengthening
health systems (or facets of them)
• and so, for working within them!
(and researching them!)
32. CAVEAT – NO EASY ANSWERS
TO HOW TO IMPROVE A HEALTH
SYSTEM!
POLITICS AND VALUES
MATTER….
33. Copyright
Funding
You are free:
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To Remix – to adapt the work
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Cited works used in this document must be cited following
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Citation of this work must follow normal academic
conventions. Suggested citation:
Introduction to Complex Health Systems, Presentation
2. Copyright CHEPSAA (Consortium for Health Policy &
Systems Analysis in Africa) 2014, www.hpsa-africa.org
www.slideshare.net/hpsa_africa
This document is an output from a project funded by the European Commission (EC) FP7-Africa (Grant no.
265482). The views expressed are not necessarily those of the EC.
34. The CHEPSAA partners
University of Dar Es Salaam
Institute of Development Studies
University of the Witwatersrand
Centre for Health Policy
University of Ghana
School of Public Health, Department of
Health Policy, Planning and Management
University of Leeds
Nuffield Centre for International Health and
Development
University of Nigeria Enugu
Health Policy Research Group & the
Department of Health Administration and
Management
London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine
Health Economics and Systems Analysis
Group, Depart of Global Health & Dev.
Great Lakes University of Kisumu
Tropical Institute of Community Health and
Development
Karolinska Institutet
Health Systems and Policy Group,
Department of Public Health Sciences
University of Cape Town
Health Policy and Systems Programme,
Health Economics Unit
Swiss Tropical and Public Health
Institute
Health Systems Research Group
University of the Western Cape
School of Public Health