The document discusses transforming imperative clauses from direct to reported speech. It explains that quoted imperatives use quotation marks and reported imperatives use that-clauses or infinitival clauses. When transforming imperatives, pronouns, places, times, and verb tenses may need to be changed. For affirmative imperatives, the introductory verb is changed to an infinitive form without "that." For negative imperatives, "not" precedes the infinitive verb or a prohibitive introductory verb is used in a positive form of the reported speech.

1. Imperative Clauses
In Reported Speech
(Indirect Speech)
By :
Imroati Istibsyaroh A.R. (120210401031)
Emyl Rizka Fariza (120210401035)

2. Imperative
• Imperative sentence is a sentence which
expresses command, request, advice, or
suggestion.
• For examples :
Open the door.
Please help me.
Do not smoke.

3. Quoted vs. Reported Imperatives
1. QUOTED IMPERATIVE
A quoted imperative begins with a
main clause including the speaker and (mostly)
the introductory verb say, and it is followed by
a comma and the exact words of the quote,
enclosed in quotation marks.

4. Main Clause Imperative
The doctor said, “Get some rest”
The doctor said, “Don’t smoke”
The doctor said, “Call me immediately”
Introductory
Verb

5. The quoted speech may also be placed
before the main clause, for example :
Main Clause Imperative
The doctor said.“Get some rest”,
The doctor said.“Don’t smoke”,
The doctor said.“Call me immediately”,

6. 2. REPORTED IMPERATIVE
A reported imperative usually
includes introductory verb in the main
clause, and it is followed by the content of
the quote expressed as a that-clause or an
infinitival clause.

7. Main Clause Reported
Speech
The doctor said
The doctor told me
The doctor said
Introductory
Verb
(that) I should get some rest.
to get some rest.
to stop smoking
not to smoke
to call him immediately
not to delay
That-clause
Infinitival
Clause

8. verb object
infinitive
verb
infinitive
verb (that) verb gerund
verb object
preposition
gerund
verb
preposition
gerund
advise
encourage
invite
remind
warn
forbid
agree
decide
offer
promise
refuse
threaten
admit
agree
decide
deny
explain
insist
promise
recommend
suggest
deny
recommend
suggest
accuse
blame
congratulate
apologize
insist
Examples:
Jack
encouraged
me to look for
a new job.
They invited
all their
friends to
attend the
presentation.
Examples:
She offered to
give him a lift
to work. My
brother
refused to
take no for an
answer.
Examples:
Tom admitted
(that) he had
tried to leave
early. She
agreed (that)
we needed to
reconsider
our plans.
Examples:
He denied
having
anything to do
with her. Ken
suggested
studying early
in the
morning.
Examples:
They accused
the boys of
cheating on
the exam.
She blamed
her husband
for missing
the train.
Examples:
He
apologized for
being late.
She insisted
on doing the
washing up.

9. 3. When transforming quoted speech into
reported speech, check whether you have to
change:
1. Pronouns
2. Place and time expressions
3. Tenses
4. Verb

10. Affirmative Imperative
1. Change “Said to” into any one of these words
as suitable Introductory Verb such as: Ordered,
Commanded, Advised, Requested, etc.
2. If you use “TO”, the verb of the direct speech
is changed into the infinitive form: to bring, to
write
3. Do not use the conjunction word THAT, if you
have used TO.

11. Examples :
1. I said to my brother, “Go away”
I told my brother to go away.
2. He said to his sister, “Tell the truth.”
He advised his sister to tell the truth.
3. He said to me, “please help me”
He requested me to help him.
4. Jimmy said, “Let us enjoy ourselves for an hour
first”
Jimmy proposed that we should enjoy
ourselves for an hour first.

12. Negative Imperative
1. Change “Said to” into any one of these
words as suitable Introductory Verb such
as: Ordered, Commanded, Advised,
Requested, etc.
2. If you use TO, the verb of the direct
speech is changed into the infinitive form:
to bring, to write,etc.

13. 3. Do not use the conjunction word THAT,
if you have used TO.
4. In the negative sentences, NOT is put
before the Infinitive: Not to speak, not to
walk or you can use suitable Introduc-
tory Verb such as: Forbade, but the
Reported Speech form is positive.

14. Examples :
1. Doctor said to me, “Do not smoke”
Doctor said to me not to smoke.
2. She said, “Don’t tell a lie, Aslam”
She forbade Aslam to tell a lie.
She advised Aslam not to tell a lie.

15. THANK YOU