This document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word for word. It provides examples of changing direct speech to indirect speech by replacing the quotation marks with an infinitive verb and changing the reporting verb if needed. The document also lists common reporting verbs used in indirect speech such as advise, command, request, suggest, threaten, order, forbid, decree, propose, entreat, prompt, counsel, pardon, beg, persuade, and instruct.

2. Imperative sentences do not normally have an
expressed subject. This is because the subject „you‟ is
usually understood. As a result of this, imperative
sentences begin with a verb in the simple present
tense.
An imperative sentence expresses ideas such
as advice, order, request, suggestion, instruction, per
mission, allowance etc.

3. • In order to change an imperative sentence into the
indirect speech, we use a to-infinitive (to+base form
of the verb)
• Note that instead of „said‟ we use one of the
following reporting verbs:
Advise, command, request, suggest, threaten, order, f
orbid, decree, propose, entreat, prompt, counsel, pard
on, beg, persuade, instruct etc.

4. We often have to give information about what
people say or think. In order to do this you can
use direct or quoted speech, or indirect or
reported speech

5. • Saying exactly what someone has said is called
direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)
• Here what a person says appears within quotation
marks ("...") and should be word for word.
For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations", she said.

6. Subject
Reporting verb
Direct speech
He
Said,
“drink milk”
“don´t drink coffee”

7. • Indirect speech doesn't use quotation marks to
enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to
be word for word.
For example:
Direct speech:
“come early and bring your insurance card”, said the
doctor.
Indirect speech:
The doctor told her to come early and
bring her insurance card.

8. Subject
Reporting verb
Noun/ pronoun
Indirect speecj
He
Told
Her
To drink milk
Not to drink
coffee
Said

9. Change the sentences from direct speech to indirect speech
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Direct: The old woman said to the boy, „Please help me.‟
Indirect: The old woman told the boy to help her.
Direct: I said to him, „Love and obey your parents.‟
Indirect: ___________________________________
Direct: The teacher said to the students, „Work hard.‟
Indirect: ___________________________________
Direct: The doctor said to the patient, „Quit smoking.
Indirect:____________________________________
Direct: I said to her, „Don‟t mention his name.‟
Indirect:_______________________________________