La presentación explica las dos maneras más comunes de expresar el futuro en inglés: "will" y "going to", y las diferencias de uso entre ambas estructuras.
La presentación explica las dos maneras más comunes de expresar el futuro en inglés: "will" y "going to", y las diferencias de uso entre ambas estructuras.
direct narration
When the actual words of the speaker are used while conveying a sense is called direct narration .
For Example :
She says , ” I am a Teacher”
He says , “ I am going to Karachi”
indirect narration
It is not the actual words of the speaker but it only conveys the full sense of what he / she has said.
For Example :
She says that she is a teacher.
He said that he is going to Karachi.
Direct Speech (Direct sentence) is a sentence in which the words of the speaker as it is written directly.Indirect Speech is a phrase that comes from direct sentences that tell back in another form or a sentence that reports something spoken by someone else.
Learn Indirect/reported speech. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
We use direct and indirect speech (quoted speech) to convey the speaker's words without any changes or sometimes with some changes. There are two different times/occasions when we need to speak differently. 1st face-to-face. When there are two persons or groups of people talking about anything require active and passive voice sentences. Like I want to speak English. I went to the park yesterday. In these situations, two persons are involved. For Instance:
First-person pronoun and second-person pronoun: “I, we & you.”
But sometimes we needed to share stories, describe events, or report something about the past. On such occasions, we use direct and indirect speech. And mostly third-person pronoun is involved.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. Nur yahya/ yahya choy
1034 0003
Reported speech / indirect speech
2. definition
Indirect speech, also called reported speech or
indirect discourse, is a means of expressing the
content of statements, questions or other utterances,
without quoting them explicitly as is done in direct
speech.
We often have to give information about what people
say or think. In order to do this you can use direct or
quoted speech, or indirect or reported speech.
3. Statements
The reported speech is typically introduced by
verbs such as say, tell, admit, complain,
explain, remind, reply, think, hope, offer,
refuse etc. in the past tense.
He said (that) he didn't want it.
She explained that she had been at the seaside.
If these verbs are in the past tense, we change
the following:
a)verb tenses and verb forms,
b) pronouns,
c) the adverbs of time and place.
4. Type and example
direct speech “I speak English.”
reported speech
(no backshift)
He says that he speaks
English
reported speech
(backshift)
He said that he spoke
English.
5. Questions
When transforming questions, check whether you
have to change:
pronouns
present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
place and time expressions
tenses (backshift)
Also note that you have to:
transform the question into an indirect question
use the interrogative or if / whether
6. Ex:
Direct: “why don’t you speak English?”
Reported: he asked me why I did not speak
English
Direct: “do you speak English?”
Reported: he asked me whether/if I spoke English
7. Commands, requests and advice
The commands, requests and advice mostly have
the same form in English: verb + object + infinitive
(advise, ask, beg, forbid, order, persuade,
recommend, tell, urge, warn etc.).
Unlike the direct speech the person addressed must
be mentioned in the indirect speech.
8. "Get up!" he said. - He told me to get up.
"Please, revise for the test," he said. - He urged me
to revise for the test.
"Put on your coat," I said. - I advised him to put on
his coat.
“Sam, open the door.”- he told me to open the door.
9. Negative commands, requests and advice are
made by verb + object + not + infinitive.
"Don't hesitate," he said. - He persuaded me not to
hesitate.
"Don't smoke," the doctor warned my father. - The
doctor warned my father not to smoke.
10. Use of tell
Tell can introduce statements, commands,
requests or advice. The form is different,
however.
Statements with tell
"I'm leaving," he told me. - He told me that he was
leaving.
Commands, requests or advice with tell
"Leave the room," he told John. - He told John to
leave the room.
"Don't give up," the teacher told her students. - The
teacher told the students not to give up
11. example
type Example
with interrogative direct speech “Why don’t you speak
English?”
reported
speech
He asked me why I didn’t
speak English.
without interrogative direct speech “Do you speak English?”
reported
speech
He asked me whether / if I
spoke English.
12. Requests
When transforming questions, check whether you
have to change:
pronouns
place and time expressions
type example
Direct speech “Carol, speak English.“
Indirect speech He told Carol to speak Englis
13. Changes in time and place words
now then, at that time
today that day
tomorrow the following day, the next day, a day later
yesterday the previous day, the day before
Next month the following month, the next month, a month later
Next ear the following year, the next, year, a year later
last month the month before, the previous month, the preceding
month
Last year the year before, the previous year, the preceding year
in two days
weeks)
two days from then, two weeks from then
5 das ago five days before, five days earlier
five weeks ago five weeks before, five weeks earlier
here There
15. Tense transformation table
Quoted speech Later reporting
present tense verb simple past
present continuous past continuous
present perfect
simple past
past perfect
past perfect
simple future (will) would
future (be going to) was/were going to
Past continuous , present perfect
continuous, past perfect continuous
Past perfect continuous
16. Exception
If the reported sentence deals with a fact or general
truth, the present tense is (can be) retained. She said
that the moon causes the tides.
If the speaker reports something immediately or
soon after it was said, the noun clause verb often
remains as spoken.
A: What did the conductor say?
B: He said that the next stop is Northgate.
If will is the modal in the reported utterance and
expresses future time, and if the situation described
in the quote still holds true at the time of the indirect
report, the will may not be changed to would even
though the reporting verb is in the past tense:
Mr. Arden said that a volcanic eruption will occur next
year.