ABSTRACT: The removal of Methylene blue as a synthetic dye from aquatic system was investigated by using vermicompost. The dye concentration, contact time and pH of the solution carried out in the adsorption studies. Batch adsorption experimental data were suitable for the Langmuir isotherm and a very good fit to the second order kinetic model (pH=10). The maximum adsorption capacity calculated 256.66 mg g-1 . Vermicompost and the dye loaded vermicompost were characterized by SEM and FTIR. It was found that the vermicompost is stable without losing their activity.
ADSORPTION OF CONGO RED DYE AND METHYLENE BLUE DYE USING ORANGE PEEL AS AN A...Ajay Singh
To reduce the concentration of the dye activated charcoal is used as an adsorbent but due to the high cost of activated charcoal, the purpose of my project was to find an alternative low-cost adsorbent.
Aimed to investigate the potential of untreated jute stick charcoal as an alternative adsorbent for the treatment of dye containing wastewater. Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using jute stick charcoal has been investigated. Liquid phase adsorption experiments were conducted. Batch adsorption studies are carried out by observing the effect of experimental parameters, namely, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial methylene blue concentration. The maximum removal of MB dye was 90.57% at pH 9, contact time 120 min, adsorbent dose 3 g/L and 20 mg/L initial dye concentration. Kinetic studies showed that the biosorption of MB followed Pseudo second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherms are described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that the Freundlich equation fit better than the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir isotherm equation at was 29.33 mg/g. To conclude, jute stick charcoal holds promise for methylene blue removal from aqueous solution and can be used for other dyes removal and applicable in dyeing industries in Bangladesh where centralized effluent treatment plant is absent.
adsorption of methylene blue onto xanthogenated modified chitosan microbeadsSiti Nadzifah Ghazali
Methylene Blue (MB) is thiazine dyes that widely use to color product in many industry such as textile, printing, leather, cosmetic and paper. Xanthogenated-Modified Chitosan Microbeads (XMCM) is use to observe the new alternative adsorbent in removing MB from water body through adsorption process. The interactions between MB and functional group in XMCM were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra. Several parameters that influence adsorption ability such as the effect of adsorbent dosage of XMCM and the effect of initial pH of MB aqueous solution were studied. This study were done at optimum condition which is at pH 4 of initial pH of MB solution, 0.01 g of initial XMCM dosage, 6 hours stirring time and temperature of (30 ± 2 ℃). The adsorption data fit well Langmuir model more than Freundlich model. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MB was 21.62 mg g-1 which indicated that XMCM can be a new alternative adsorbent for removing MB.
Dye removal by adsorption on waste biomass - sugarcane bagasseMadhura Chincholi
The dye solution of Methylene blue was adsorbed onto bioadsorbent- sugarcane bagasse. Parameters studied were pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye conc.
ADSORPTION OF CONGO RED DYE AND METHYLENE BLUE DYE USING ORANGE PEEL AS AN A...Ajay Singh
To reduce the concentration of the dye activated charcoal is used as an adsorbent but due to the high cost of activated charcoal, the purpose of my project was to find an alternative low-cost adsorbent.
Aimed to investigate the potential of untreated jute stick charcoal as an alternative adsorbent for the treatment of dye containing wastewater. Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using jute stick charcoal has been investigated. Liquid phase adsorption experiments were conducted. Batch adsorption studies are carried out by observing the effect of experimental parameters, namely, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial methylene blue concentration. The maximum removal of MB dye was 90.57% at pH 9, contact time 120 min, adsorbent dose 3 g/L and 20 mg/L initial dye concentration. Kinetic studies showed that the biosorption of MB followed Pseudo second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherms are described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was found that the Freundlich equation fit better than the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir isotherm equation at was 29.33 mg/g. To conclude, jute stick charcoal holds promise for methylene blue removal from aqueous solution and can be used for other dyes removal and applicable in dyeing industries in Bangladesh where centralized effluent treatment plant is absent.
adsorption of methylene blue onto xanthogenated modified chitosan microbeadsSiti Nadzifah Ghazali
Methylene Blue (MB) is thiazine dyes that widely use to color product in many industry such as textile, printing, leather, cosmetic and paper. Xanthogenated-Modified Chitosan Microbeads (XMCM) is use to observe the new alternative adsorbent in removing MB from water body through adsorption process. The interactions between MB and functional group in XMCM were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra. Several parameters that influence adsorption ability such as the effect of adsorbent dosage of XMCM and the effect of initial pH of MB aqueous solution were studied. This study were done at optimum condition which is at pH 4 of initial pH of MB solution, 0.01 g of initial XMCM dosage, 6 hours stirring time and temperature of (30 ± 2 ℃). The adsorption data fit well Langmuir model more than Freundlich model. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MB was 21.62 mg g-1 which indicated that XMCM can be a new alternative adsorbent for removing MB.
Dye removal by adsorption on waste biomass - sugarcane bagasseMadhura Chincholi
The dye solution of Methylene blue was adsorbed onto bioadsorbent- sugarcane bagasse. Parameters studied were pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye conc.
Dye effluents impose hazardous effects on human beings as well as on environment. The present powerpoint deals with some of the decolourization techniques that can be adopted for treating wastewater containing toxic dyes and chemicals
Advanced Oxidation Process for Industrial Water Treatment and Waste WaterUus Soedjak
Advanced Oxidation Process for Industrial Water Treatment and Waste Water is a liquid waste treatment technology which utilizes oxidation method using ozone gas. This technology is combined with ultraviolet light
Electro-oxidation And Its Feasibility In Wastewater TreatmentSakib Shahriar
Electro-oxidation (EO) is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) used in wastewater treatment. It is also called anodic oxidation. In this presentation, we can learn about the working principle, industrial applications, types of electrodes, and catalysts in the EO process. The advantages and disadvantages are described later. The main advantages of electro-oxidation are the formation of low sludge and large percentages of organic matter degradation. But the main drawbacks occur due to the requirement of large space and expense. EO is used in many types of wastewater treatment. Degradation of methyl orange azo dye in a recirculation flow plant system, treatment of wastewater containing aromatic amines, endocrine disruptors treatment, domestic water, industrial wastewater, synthetic dye effluent, olive mill wastewater, pulp mill wastewater, citric acid wastewater.
Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Using Groundnut Shell Activated Carbon C...IOSRJAC
In this work, activated carbon prepared from groundnut shells (GSAC) by sulphuric acid treatment was coated with Fe3O4(GSAC- Fe3O4) and tested for its efficiency as an adsorbentfor the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The structural morphology and functional groups present were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Various sorption parameters such as effect of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were studied. The percentage removal of methylene blue increased with decrease in initial methylene blue concentration and increased with increase in contact time and dose of the adsorbent. Equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic data were studied using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models.
Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: A comprehen...IOSR Journals
Dyes are an important class of pollutants, and can even be identified by the human eye. Disposal of dyes in precious water resources must be avoided, however, and for that various treatment technologies are in use. Among various methods adsorption occupies a prominent place in dye removal. Recently many researchers have proved that agricultural solid wastes can be effectively used as adsorbents for the removal of many pollutants including dyes. This review represents the effectiveness of agricultural solid wastes in the removal of dyes, of cationic and anionic classes, description of classification of dyes and comparison among cationic and anionic dyes adsorption by the same adsorbent, thus, possibly opening the door for a better understanding of the dye classified adsorption process. Both these classes of dyes are toxic and cause severe problems to aquatic environment. Some agricultural solid wastes can remove both dye classes. The dye adsorption capacities of agricultural waste adsorbents vary along with the variation in pH of solution, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and process temperature. As the pH of the solution affects the surface charge of the adsorbent and degree of ionization of the adsorbate, it is directly related to the dye classified adsorption. This review also contains the table representing the adsorbent and subsequent dye/dyes appropriate for a particular process. Conclusions have been drawn from the literature reviewed, and suggestions for future research are proposed.
Decolourisation of Nigrosine WS dye by Solar Photo-fentonAkash Tikhe
My master's dissertation thesis topic- Decolorization of Nigrosine WS dye by Homogeneous Solar Photo-Fenton Method along with Intro, Method, Result, conclusion and suggestions.
The dyestuff sector is one of the important segments of the chemicals industry in India, linked with a variety of sectors like textiles, leather, paper, plastics, printing inks and foodstuffs.
Unit operations and process involved in manufacturing of dyes and dye intermediates, wastewater characteristics of dyes and dye intermediates, effluent discharge standards, treatment technology for dye and dye intermediates, solid waste generation and Gaseous emissions.
A New Low Cost Biosorbent for a Cationic Dye TreatmentIJEAB
The aim of our study consists to investigate the adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by a new biosorbent prepared from Papaya seed. Adsorption behavior of the cationic dye was analyzed by variation of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature. Adsorption isotherms were studied according to the Langmuir and Freundlich Model, and adsorption kinetics according to pseudo first and second order. Results show that the maximum adsorption is obtained at ambient temperature with the yield of 98.82% and was reached in first 20min (pH = 10, adsorbent dose of 100 mg in 50 mL). The Langmuir isotherm shows a correlation coefficient of 99.4% higher than 95.4%obtained for Freundlich model and the adsorption kinetic model follow a pseudo-second order with a maximum adsorption capacity of 52.28 mg/g.
Adsorption Studies of an Acid Dye From Aqueous Solution Using Lagerstroemia I...IJMER
The effectiveness of adsorption for acid dye removal from wastewaters has made it an ideal
alternative to other expensive treatment options. The removal of acid Violet 4BS onto seeds of
Lagerstroemia indica (LIS) from aqueous solutions was investigated using parameters such as contact
time, pH, temperature, adsorbent doses, and initial dye concentration. Adsorption isotherms of dyes onto
LIS were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations such as the Langmuir and
Freundlich models. It was found that the Langmuir isotherm appears to fit the isotherm data better than
the Freundlich isotherm. Parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were determined using
adsorption data. The maximum removal of Acid Violet 4BS by the adsorbent was obtained at pH 2. The
maximum percentage of dye removal (86.67%) was obtained at an initial dye concentration of 10mg/L
with adsorbent dosage of 50 mg per 50 ml of dye solution. The adsorption kinetics of acid violet 4BS
could be described by the pseudo-second order reaction model. The data obtained from adsorption
isotherms at different temperatures were used to calculate several thermo-dynamic quantities such as the
Gibbs energy (ΔG
0
), enthalpy (ΔH
0
), and entropy (ΔS
0
) of adsorption. The adsorption process was found
to be spontaneous, exothermic and physical in nature. Locally available adsorbent LIS was found to have
a low cost and was promising for the removal of acid violet 4BS from aqueous solutions
Dye effluents impose hazardous effects on human beings as well as on environment. The present powerpoint deals with some of the decolourization techniques that can be adopted for treating wastewater containing toxic dyes and chemicals
Advanced Oxidation Process for Industrial Water Treatment and Waste WaterUus Soedjak
Advanced Oxidation Process for Industrial Water Treatment and Waste Water is a liquid waste treatment technology which utilizes oxidation method using ozone gas. This technology is combined with ultraviolet light
Electro-oxidation And Its Feasibility In Wastewater TreatmentSakib Shahriar
Electro-oxidation (EO) is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) used in wastewater treatment. It is also called anodic oxidation. In this presentation, we can learn about the working principle, industrial applications, types of electrodes, and catalysts in the EO process. The advantages and disadvantages are described later. The main advantages of electro-oxidation are the formation of low sludge and large percentages of organic matter degradation. But the main drawbacks occur due to the requirement of large space and expense. EO is used in many types of wastewater treatment. Degradation of methyl orange azo dye in a recirculation flow plant system, treatment of wastewater containing aromatic amines, endocrine disruptors treatment, domestic water, industrial wastewater, synthetic dye effluent, olive mill wastewater, pulp mill wastewater, citric acid wastewater.
Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Using Groundnut Shell Activated Carbon C...IOSRJAC
In this work, activated carbon prepared from groundnut shells (GSAC) by sulphuric acid treatment was coated with Fe3O4(GSAC- Fe3O4) and tested for its efficiency as an adsorbentfor the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The structural morphology and functional groups present were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Various sorption parameters such as effect of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were studied. The percentage removal of methylene blue increased with decrease in initial methylene blue concentration and increased with increase in contact time and dose of the adsorbent. Equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic data were studied using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models.
Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: A comprehen...IOSR Journals
Dyes are an important class of pollutants, and can even be identified by the human eye. Disposal of dyes in precious water resources must be avoided, however, and for that various treatment technologies are in use. Among various methods adsorption occupies a prominent place in dye removal. Recently many researchers have proved that agricultural solid wastes can be effectively used as adsorbents for the removal of many pollutants including dyes. This review represents the effectiveness of agricultural solid wastes in the removal of dyes, of cationic and anionic classes, description of classification of dyes and comparison among cationic and anionic dyes adsorption by the same adsorbent, thus, possibly opening the door for a better understanding of the dye classified adsorption process. Both these classes of dyes are toxic and cause severe problems to aquatic environment. Some agricultural solid wastes can remove both dye classes. The dye adsorption capacities of agricultural waste adsorbents vary along with the variation in pH of solution, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and process temperature. As the pH of the solution affects the surface charge of the adsorbent and degree of ionization of the adsorbate, it is directly related to the dye classified adsorption. This review also contains the table representing the adsorbent and subsequent dye/dyes appropriate for a particular process. Conclusions have been drawn from the literature reviewed, and suggestions for future research are proposed.
Decolourisation of Nigrosine WS dye by Solar Photo-fentonAkash Tikhe
My master's dissertation thesis topic- Decolorization of Nigrosine WS dye by Homogeneous Solar Photo-Fenton Method along with Intro, Method, Result, conclusion and suggestions.
The dyestuff sector is one of the important segments of the chemicals industry in India, linked with a variety of sectors like textiles, leather, paper, plastics, printing inks and foodstuffs.
Unit operations and process involved in manufacturing of dyes and dye intermediates, wastewater characteristics of dyes and dye intermediates, effluent discharge standards, treatment technology for dye and dye intermediates, solid waste generation and Gaseous emissions.
A New Low Cost Biosorbent for a Cationic Dye TreatmentIJEAB
The aim of our study consists to investigate the adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by a new biosorbent prepared from Papaya seed. Adsorption behavior of the cationic dye was analyzed by variation of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature. Adsorption isotherms were studied according to the Langmuir and Freundlich Model, and adsorption kinetics according to pseudo first and second order. Results show that the maximum adsorption is obtained at ambient temperature with the yield of 98.82% and was reached in first 20min (pH = 10, adsorbent dose of 100 mg in 50 mL). The Langmuir isotherm shows a correlation coefficient of 99.4% higher than 95.4%obtained for Freundlich model and the adsorption kinetic model follow a pseudo-second order with a maximum adsorption capacity of 52.28 mg/g.
Adsorption Studies of an Acid Dye From Aqueous Solution Using Lagerstroemia I...IJMER
The effectiveness of adsorption for acid dye removal from wastewaters has made it an ideal
alternative to other expensive treatment options. The removal of acid Violet 4BS onto seeds of
Lagerstroemia indica (LIS) from aqueous solutions was investigated using parameters such as contact
time, pH, temperature, adsorbent doses, and initial dye concentration. Adsorption isotherms of dyes onto
LIS were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations such as the Langmuir and
Freundlich models. It was found that the Langmuir isotherm appears to fit the isotherm data better than
the Freundlich isotherm. Parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were determined using
adsorption data. The maximum removal of Acid Violet 4BS by the adsorbent was obtained at pH 2. The
maximum percentage of dye removal (86.67%) was obtained at an initial dye concentration of 10mg/L
with adsorbent dosage of 50 mg per 50 ml of dye solution. The adsorption kinetics of acid violet 4BS
could be described by the pseudo-second order reaction model. The data obtained from adsorption
isotherms at different temperatures were used to calculate several thermo-dynamic quantities such as the
Gibbs energy (ΔG
0
), enthalpy (ΔH
0
), and entropy (ΔS
0
) of adsorption. The adsorption process was found
to be spontaneous, exothermic and physical in nature. Locally available adsorbent LIS was found to have
a low cost and was promising for the removal of acid violet 4BS from aqueous solutions
Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption using Low Cost ...ijsrd.com
The present study deals with removal of methylene blue (basic dye)from aqueous solution using a low cost activated carbon prepared from Delonix regia(gulmohar seed pods).Batch adsorption studies were conducted by varying the contact time adsorbent dosage and pH
Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies of Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueo...IOSRJAC
:In the present study, Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Frutis and Seeds (PSCFS) was used as an adsorbent for the investigation of the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of methyleneblue (MB) from aqueous solution at various temperatures and concentrations. Six kinetic models, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, Elovich, Bangham and Avrami equations were used to predict the adsorption rate constants. It was found that the kinetics of the adsorption of MB onto PSCFS at different operating conditions was the best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The rate parameters of the other kinetic models for adsorption were also evaluated and compared to identify the adsorption mechanisms. The equilibrium constants were used to calculate thermodynamic parameters, such as the change of free energy, enthalpy and entropy. Thermodynamic analysis showed that adsorption was favourable and spontaneous, endothermic physical adsorption and increased disorder and randomness at the solid-solution interface of MB onto PSCFS
Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for
the adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solution onto
composite activated carbon. The composite activated carbon was
prepared from brewer’s spent grain and sea bean shell at a ratio
of 1:1. The equilibrium studies were done at different
concentrations and temperatures. The equilibrium data were
fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and
Temkin isotherm models. The results showed that both Lagmuir
and Freundlich isotherm model fitted the data reasonably well
but Freundlich isotherm fitted better in the temperature range
studied. This confirmed that the adsorption is heterogeneous,
non-specific and non-uniform in nature. Kinetic studies were also
undertaken in terms of first order, second order, pseudo first
order, pseudo second order, Elovich, Boyd, and intra-particle
diffusion models. The results indicated that the data followed
pseudo second order model with surface adsorption and intraparticle
diffusion concurrently operating during the adsorbateadsorbent
interaction. The values of the thermodynamic
parameters computed from Van’t Hoff plot confirmed the
process to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
Adsorption Studies of an Acid Dye From Aqueous Solution Using Lagerstroemia ...IJMER
The effectiveness of adsorption for acid dye removal from wastewaters has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment options. The removal of acid Violet 4BS onto seeds of Lagerstroemia indica (LIS) from aqueous solutions was investigated using parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature, adsorbent doses, and initial dye concentration. Adsorption isotherms of dyes onto LIS were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations such as the Langmuir and
Freundlich models. It was found that the Langmuir isotherm appears to fit the isotherm data better than
the Freundlich isotherm. Parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were determined using adsorption data. The maximum removal of Acid Violet 4BS by the adsorbent was obtained at pH 2. The maximum percentage of dye removal (86.67%) was obtained at an initial dye concentration of 10mg/L with adsorbent dosage of 50 mg per 50 ml of dye solution. The adsorption kinetics of acid violet 4BS could be described by the pseudo-second order reaction model. The data obtained from adsorption
isotherms at different temperatures were used to calculate several thermo-dynamic quantities such as the
Gibbs energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy (ΔS
0) of adsorption. The adsorption process was found
to be spontaneous, exothermic and physical in nature. Locally available adsorbent LIS was found to have
a low cost and was promising for the removal of acid violet 4BS from aqueous solutions
Batch Thermodynamics and Kinetic Study for Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueo...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Model using Iraqi limestone as an adsorbent has been investigated. The influences of equilibrium time, limestone dosage, limestone particle size, pH of solution, adsorption isotherms and temperature on adsorption performance have been experimentally verified by a batch method. The adsorbent used in this study exhibited a good adsorption potential at initial pH 10, temperatures 28ºC, particle size 75 μm, limestone dosage 0.1g for equilibrium time 140 min. The removal efficiency and distribution coefficient have also been determined for the adsorption system as a function of dosage of the adsorbent. The experimental results are described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Experimental results show that the kinetic model of pseudo-second order provided a good description of the whole experimental data more than the kinetic of the Lagergren-first order.
Laboratory investigation of insecticide O,O diethyl O-2 isopropyl 6- methyl pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate insecticide adsorption using olive stones activated by phosphoric acid was carried out. The influence of several factors governing insecticide adsorption such as dosage, temperature, pH and time in addition to specific surface area of the prepared carbon was investigated. The obtained results showed that the adsorption was found to increase with increasing temperature and pH and the activated carbon prepared from olive stones has higher surface area (>700 m2g-1). Also, the removal of insecticide increased with the lapse of time; an olive stone activated by phosphoric acid has 75.6 % insecticide removal efficiency in comparison with that of activated carbon. The experimental results have been fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Langmuir isotherm better fitted the experimental data since the average percent deviations were lower than with Freundlich isotherm. Moreover, activated carbon from olive stones is a suitable adsorbent and adsorption of 90% is possible in the high temperature, pH and adsorbent dosages.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Dynamic and Equilibrium Studies on the sorption of Basic dye (Basic Brown 4) ...madlovescience
Dynamic and Equilibrium Studies on the sorption of Basic dye (Basic Brown 4) onto Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Prepared from Renewable Carbon Precursors
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
Comparative Study for Adsorptive Removal of Coralene Blue BGFS Dye from Aqueo...IJERA Editor
Textile industries represent biggest impact on the environment due to high water consumption and waste water discharge as government control water pollution by setting strength regulation for waste water discharge, removal of color from waste water becomes more and more essential and attractive. Adsorption technology is very efficient in treatment of textile effluent. In this paper comparison of adsorption phenomena of textile dye Anthraquinone blue onto two different adsorbents MgO nano powder and Fe2O3 amorphous powder has been studied for removal of said dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Anthraquinone blue on adsorbents occurs by studying the effects of adsorbent amount, dye concentration, contact time and pH of solution. All results found that MgO nano powder and Fe2O3 provide a fairly high dye adsorption capacity, which combined with their fulfilment of pollution control board’s standards, lack of pollution, lower environmental hazard and low-cost makes them promising for future applications. The present work also provides information on optimum value of different operating parameter for dye removal by two adsorbent.
Similar to Adsorption of Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution with Vermicompost Produced Using Banana Peel (20)
Modeling And Simulation Swash Plate Pump Response Characteristics in Load Sen...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Fluid Power is widely employed in applications required high loads such as tractors, cranes, and airplanes. In load sensing hydraulic systems, loads are controlled by adjusting a pump-valve arrangement. In this paper, the swash plate pump hydraulic characteristics will be determined, the pump and its fluid gains will be derived to obtain the pump overall transfer function. Firstly, the swash plate pump mechanism is analyzed and its dynamic model is constructed; the pump pressure and flow rate are plotted and the possible improvement is introduced. The load sensing unit parameters such as orifice width, orifice area, maximum passage area, and piston area at X and Y will be examined to identify their influence on the pump characteristics; and the optimum parameters will be introduced. All results are developed and simulated numerically.
Generation of Electricity Through A Non-Municipal Solid Waste Heat From An In...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Energy production, waste disposal, and pollution minimization are key problems that must be addressed for sustainable cities of the environment. Waste management has become a major concern worldwide, and incineration is now being used increasingly to treat waste that cannot be recycled economically. The total heat content of non- municipal waste varies from countries to countries. The tonnage of generation in Nigeria is expected to soar over the next few years and the exploitation of this renewable energy locked up in urban solid municipal waste into grid energy can be taken advantage off.The heat generated from this incinerated plant can be used to generate electricity which will reduce overdependence on fossil fuel and the use of generator which in turn reduces pollution disposal of this waste is incinerated plant for the production of electricity. Hence, this paper intends to review the nonmunicipal waste potential in Nigeria, evaluate its environment and economic cost, and energy content of municipal solid waste deposits in Nigeria.
A New Two-Dimensional Analytical Model of Small Geometry GaAs MESFETIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : In this paper, a simple and exact analytical model for Small Geometry GaAs MESFET is developed to determine the potential distribution along the channel of the device. The model is based on the exact solution of two-dimensional Poisson’s equation in the depletion region under the gate. Then the obtained model is used to study the channel potential and threshold voltage of the device. Using the analytical model, the effect of the device parameter and bias conditions on performance of the device is investigated. The obtained results are graphically exhibited and discussed. In order to verification of the analytical results, TCAD device simulator is used and good accordance is observed.
Design a WSN Control System for Filter Backwashing ProcessIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Day by day, there is a higher rate of need for accurate automation system to be used in industries and environment monitoring and control. In water treatment plants during the filtration phase, there is a process called backwashing, which particles suspended in the filter basin are removed. in this process the water are forcedly pumped through the filter in upward direction at enough speed to expand the filter media. Therefore, various types of valves used, which are opened and closed in a time sequencing manner. The paper proposed an automation control system for the backwashing process to be initiated and completed automatically using PLC, level sensors and valves installed inside the filter basin. Practically, a control system has been applied which all valves are opened and closed according to wireless signals coming from PLCs on its suitable time. In summary, the control in the process demonstrated that the proposed system is efficient, effective, and able to be reliable. Besides, the results increase the productivity at a low-cost mode.
Application of Customer Relationship Management (Crm) Dimensions: A Critical ...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT”: Customer relationship management is crucial due to the competitive environment. For this reason, it has become a widely implemented strategy across the hotel industry in retaining customers and maintaining good relationships with them. It also promotes customer satisfaction and loyalty which lead to the achievement of competitive business performance. However, due to the ever-increasing competition and the continuous changing customers’ needs in the hotel industry, the ability to achieve customer satisfaction is becoming a major challenge. Using 40 respondents from 20 hotels, this paper, therefore, explores the managers’ perspective into how the application of CRM dimensions impact on the performance of hotels and also examines the relationships between them since studies evaluating their relationships are limited. It studies CRM from the hotels’ perceptive as Guest Services Managers and Marketing Managers were the respondents. This study employed an exploratory research design and quantitative technique. The survey was conducted in New Delhi and simple random sampling was the sampling technique used to select respondents. With the study’s objectives in mind, the developed research hypotheses constructed were tested using multiple regression analysis as the statistical tool. Through the results, it has been revealed that CRM dimensions are positively related to the performance of hotels. Finally, CRM dimensions are highly recommended as a competitive strategic tool to enhance competitiveness.
Comparisons of Shallow Foundations in Different Soil ConditionIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Soil is considered by the engineer as a complex material produced by weathering of the solid rock. Footings are structural elements that transmit column or wall loads to the underlying soil below the structure. Footings are designed to transmit these loads to the soil without exceeding its safe bearing capacity. Each building demands the need to solve a problem of foundation on different types of soil. The main aim of this project is to design the appropriate foundation as per size and shape on cohesive, non-cohesive and rocky soil. In this paper different foundation are studied for a middle side and corner column of a building with different bearing capacities. Based on the study and judicial judgment the type of foundation is decided as per depth, quantity of steel and quantity of concrete and try to find which shape of the foundation is more stable, economical and ways to reduce the ease of construction of the building
Place of Power Sector in Public-Private Partnership: A Veritable Tool to Prom...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Public Private Partnership involves private sector engagement in infrastructural development. Though in the past, the country infrastructure had been experiencing a decline in the system, this is because, government had been the sole contributor to infrastructural finance and had often taken responsibility for implementation, operations and maintenance as well. This decline in the system is caused by escalating population growth depending on available infrastructure, decaying of existing power infrastructure, political instability and corruption in the system. The ongoing reform is about bringing the system to a lime light. Hence, Public Private Partnership participation in the infrastructural development in Nigeria, will create favorable environment for an investors, provide job opportunities, long time policy, decision making and efficient use of the available resources. This paper therefore dwells on overview of the public private partnership with regards to energy and other infrastructural development of Nigeria. Challenges of the partnership and possible solutions towards subduing the problems are proffered.
Study of Part Feeding System for Optimization in Fms & Force Analysis Using M...IJMERJOURNAL
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Adsorption of Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution with Vermicompost Produced Using Banana Peel
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 7 | July. 2017 | 64 |
Adsorption of Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution with
Vermicompost Produced Using Banana Peel
Halil Kayaalp1
, *
Serpil Savcı2
, Ramazan Coşkun3
, Mutlu Yalvaç4
1,2
(Department Biosystems Engineering/Bozok University,Turkey)
3
(Department Of Chemistry/Bozok University,Turkey)
4
(Department Of Environmental Engineering/Mersin University,Turkey)
Corresponding author: *Serpil Savcı
I. INTRODUCTION
There are more than 100,000 different dye structures have been synthesized for the [1] industrial
applications. These dyes can be divided into different groups, such as anionic, cationic, and nonionic [2]. The
cationic dyes are especially used in our daily life. However, these dyes are extremely toxic, hazardous, non-
biodegradable and mutagenic agents for the body. These dyes cause irritation, itching, scaling for human body.
The existence of organic dyes in wastewater has a negative effect on the aquatic organisms because they reduces
the penetration of sunlight [3–4]. They can threat aquatic life by giving rise to failure in brain and central
nervous system as well as the function of kidneys, reproductive system [5, 6]. Vermicompost is formed by a
mixture of organic matter, by earthworm action in a 3 or 6 month period[7]
. Vermicompost can be obtained from
different sources such as cattle and pig manure with soil and municipal solid waste [8-10]. There are three main
methods, as physical, chemical, and biological for the removal of dyes from aquatic environment [11-15]. In our
work, the adsorption behavior of vermicompost that was produced from domestic waste especially banana peel
with soil by the worms was studied on methylene blue adsorption in aqueous solutions by a batch technique. In
this study, vermicompost as an alternative adsorbent material for removing of dyes such as methylene blue from
aquatic environment.
II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1.Materials
Methylene blue was purchased from (Carlo Erba Reagent). It is a cationic dyestuff (chemical formula
C16H18CIN3S, dye purity >90%). This dye was commercial product and used without purification. The
characteristics of this dye are presented in Table 1
Table 1. Chemical Structure of Methylene blue [16]
Methylene blue
Molecular
weight (g/mol)
319.85
Color Blue
λmax (nm) 665
Dye purity <90%
Chemical
formula
C16H18CIN3S
ABSTRACT: The removal of Methylene blue as a synthetic dye from aquatic system was investigated
by using vermicompost. The dye concentration, contact time and pH of the solution carried out in the
adsorption studies. Batch adsorption experimental data were suitable for the Langmuir isotherm and a
very good fit to the second order kinetic model (pH=10). The maximum adsorption capacity calculated
256.66 mg g-1 . Vermicompost and the dye loaded vermicompost were characterized by SEM and FTIR.
It was found that the vermicompost is stable without losing their activity.
Keywords : Vermicompost, adsorption, environment, FTIR, SEM.
2. Preparation of Papers for International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 7 | July. 2017 | 65 |
Structure
2.2. Experimental studies
Adsorption studies were performed in 100 mL Erlenmeyer Flasks. Methylene blue solution (30 mL)
added 0.1 g vermicompost. All the adsorption experiments were performed at 25o
C via batch method. The
solution was shaken by a mechanical shaker (VWR) at the constant agitation time (150 rpm) during 5 hours.
Then the supernatant was centrifuged at 4000 rpm and 10 minutes in a centrifuge (Hettich Zentrifugen) after the
batch tests. The absorbance of dye was measured at maximum wavelength (λmax:665 nm) by UV–VIS
Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV 1208 ). For the contact time experiments, the dye concentrations were varied
from 100 to 500 mg/L. The incubation time was tested in a time from 10 to 180 min. All experiments were
repeated twice. The adsorption amount of Methylene blue dye was calculated as follows, Eq. 1:
Co is the initial dye concentration (mg/L) whereas Ct is the dye concentration after adsorption, V dye volume
(mL), m adsorbent mass (g) [17-19].
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1.Functional groups
Fig 1 presented the FTIR spectra of vermicompost before and after dye adsorption. Comparing the two
spectra, it is seen that after the adsorption of methylene blue, new peaks appear in the spectra Fig 1. (b), of
vermicompost. These findings implied that methylene blue is adsorbed by vermicompost.
vermik
Name
Sample 020 By Administrator Date Friday, September 30 2016
Description
4000 4003500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
99
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
cm-1
%T
419,29cm-1; 87,75%T
1003,96cm-1; 92,83%T
1366,18cm-1; 94,54%T
1739,10cm-1; 95,28%T
3. Preparation of Papers for International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 7 | July. 2017 | 66 |
Figure 1. FTIR spectra of vermicompost before (a) and after dye adsorption (b)
3.2.SEM Images
SEM fotos of unloaded and dye loaded adsorbent presented Fig 2. After the methylene blue adsorption
onto vermicompost, as seen in Fig 2. b, a large number of pores are filled with large amount of dyes.
Figure 2. SEM fotos of unloaded (a) and dye loaded (b) vermicompost.
4. Preparation of Papers for International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 7 | July. 2017 | 67 |
3.3. Effect of time on adsorption
The influence of contact time on the dye adsorption was studied in the range of 0-180 min (Fig 3.). The
initial dye concentration effect on the adsorption of dye was examined in the range of 100-500 mg L-1
. As seen
in figure 3, when initial dye concentration is increased, adsorption rate is increased due to mass transfer driving
force becoming larger, thus, resulting in adsorption of methylene blue. Similar result was observed for the
adsorption of methylene blue from aquatic solution by prepared activated carbon from coconut husk [20]
. The
time for reaching the adsorption equilibrium about is 1 hour. Also, as shown in Figure 3 equilibrium reach time
is not effected by initial dye concentration.
Figure 3. Variation of specific adsorption with time for various initial dye concentrations (W=0.1 g, pH=10,
V=30 mL, T= 25 0
C)
3.4. Effect of initial dye concentration
Fig 4 describes that effect of initial dye concentration on methylene blue removal. As shown in Figure
4, when initial dye concentration is increased, adsorption amount of methylene blue is increased until 800 mg/L.
After that, adsorption amount of methylene blue was not change with increasing initial dye concentration
because of saturation of functional group into vermicompost. In addition to, as seen in figure 4, it seems that it is
almost 100% of the removal rate in the wide concentration range. In this situation, it has been observed that the
vermicompost produced from the banana peels can be used as an adsorbent in the removal of methylene blue at a
wide concentration range.
Figure 4. Effect of initial dye concentration
5. Preparation of Papers for International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 7 | July. 2017 | 68 |
3.5.Adsorption isotherms
Langmuir model equation is given by Eq 2 [21]:
e
L
L
Le
e
C
K
a
Kq
C
)(
1
(2)
Ce :The equilibrium concentration of adsorbate in solution after adsorption (mg/L)
qe :The equilibrium solid phase concentration (mg/g)
KL (L/g) and aL (L/mg): Langmuir constants.
However, the Freundlich isotherm can be expressed by Eq. 3:
eFe C
n
Kq log
1
loglog (3)
KF (L/g): The adsorption capacity at unit concentration
1/n:Adsorption intensity.
Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm is used for understand of adsorption type. Free energy (E) can be computed by
the equation as given below [22-26].
(4)
BDR :The isotherm constant. The parameter ε can be correlated as:
(5)
R: The gas constant (8.314 J/mol K)
T: Temperature (K)
Ce :Equilibrium concentration (mg/L)
Ԑ value is calculated equation 5. Ԑ2
plot against ln Qe was drawn for the D-R isotherm and BDR was calculated
from slop of graphic. After that, E value was calculated using equation 4. In this study, isotherm parameters of
methylene blue adsorption onto vermicompost obtained from equilibrium models was given Table 2. Adsorption
of methylene blue on vermicompost were suitable for the Langmuir isotherm (pH=10) because of higher R2
. This
means that the surface is homogeneous. Also, it is described that adsorption is monolayer and all the adsorption
sites of vermicompost are identical. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 256.66 mg g-1
.
Adsorption capacity of different adsorbents in literature was given in Table 3. When found adsorption capacity
is compared with given values in literatures, found adsorption capacity in this study is much higher than that of
given adsorbent in the literatures. It can be offered that vermicompost as an alternative adsorbent material for
removing of dyes such as methylene blue from aquatic environment. Adsorption of methylene blue onto
vermicompost has been determined that physical adsorption according to D-R Isotherm [34].
Table 2. Isotherm parameters
Langmuir Parameter (unit) Value
KL (L/g) 11.627
aL (L/mg) 0.0453
Qmax (mg/g) 256.666
R2
0.9946
Freundlich Isotherm nF 1.831
KF 18.378
R2
0.8768
Dubinin-Radushkevich qm 375.177
E 0.707
R2
0.8315
Table 3. Comparision of adsorption capacity of Methylene blue on vermicompost in literature
Adsorbent Dye Q max (mg/g) References
Biochars (produced by pyrolyzing
vermicompost)
Congo red
300 0
C
500 0
C
700 0
C
Methylene blue
300 0
C
500 0
C
11.63
20.00
31.28
174.22
36.11
[27]
6. Preparation of Papers for International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
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700 0
C 27.35
Micro-organisms based compost Malachite green 150.8 [28]
Vermicompost
(at column)
Crystal violet
Methylene blue
0.78
5.47
[29]
Wheat straw (WS) was modified
using phytic acid
Methylene blue 205.4 [30]
Citrus limetta peel Methylene blue 227.3 [31]
Cucumber peels Methylene blue 111.1 [32]
Coconut coir dust
Vermicompost derived banana
peel with soil
Methylene blue
30 0
C
40 0
C
50 0
C
60 0
C
25 0
C
29.50
21.14
20.41
20.16
256.66
[33]
This study
Figure 5. Langmuir Isotherm (pH=10; T=25 0
C; t=5 h)
Figure 6. Freundlich Isotherm (pH=10; T=25 0
C; t=5 h)
7. Preparation of Papers for International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 7 | July. 2017 | 70 |
3.6.Kinetic of dye adsorption
The kinetic rate equations can be written as:
303.2
)(
log ,1 tk
q
qq ad
e
te
(6)
qe and qt: The amount of adsorbed on the vermicompost (mg/g) at equilibrium
t : (min): Time
k1 (1/min): The rate constant of pseudo-first-order kinetics.
The pseudo second order equation is:
t
qqkq
t
eqeqadt
11
2
,2
(7)
k2 (g/mg•min): The rate constant[35]
.
Second order rate equation can be written as:
kt
qqq ete
1
)(
1
(8)
k (g/mg•min): The rate constant.
The Weber’s intraparticle diffusion model is given as:
qt=kidt1/2+C (9)
where kid is the intraparticle diffusion rate constant (mg.g–1
h–1/2
) and C (mg.g–1
) is a constant that gives
idea about the thickness of the boundary layer. If the qt vs. t1/2
plot is a straight line, then the adsorption process
is only controlled by intraparticle diffusion [36-38]. Fig7 shows that the intraparticle diffusion for methylene
blue on vermicompost. The parameters of these three models are given in Table 4-5-6. According to the Table 4-
5, adsorption of methylene blue on vermicompost is more fitted pseudo second order kinetic model than pseudo
first order kinetic model and intraparticle diffusion, due to high R2
values. Also, found experiment of qe values
are very near calculated of qe values.
Table 4. Values of Pseudo First Order Kinetic Model
Initial Dye Concentration
(mg/L)
qe (mg g-1
)
(experiment)
qe (mg g-1
)
(calculated)
k1 (min-1
) R2
100 16.086 3.475 0.0345 0.3998
200 45.788 8.515 0.0271 0.1224
300 72.961 11.694 0.0278 0.1007
400 98.943 10.819 0.00644 0.0065
500 127.008 12.217 0.00368 0.0017
Table 5. Values Of Pseudo Second Order Kinetic Model
Initial Dye Concentration
(mg/L)
qe (mg g-1
)
(experiment)
qe (mg g-1
)
(calculated)
k2 (g mg-1
min-1
) R2
100 16.086 27.322 0.00159 0.8435
200 45.788 48.076 0.00478 0.9987
300 72.961 76.923 0.0130 0.9993
400 98.943 105.263 0.00256 0.9992
500 127.008 135.135 0.00180 0.9991
Table 6. Values Of Weber-Morris
Initial Dye Concentration (mg/L) kp (g mg-1
min-1/2
) R2
100 3.9623 0.9892
200 10.153 0.9762
300 16.108 0.9946
400 24.905 0.9982
500 30.825 0.9987
8. Preparation of Papers for International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 7 | July. 2017 | 71 |
Figure 7. The intraparticle diffusion for methylene blue on vermicompost
3.7. Reusability
The expariment was repeat five times (Fig 8). The experiments did five times. It was shown that the
adsorption capacity of vermicompost did not change. This results shows that vermicompost are reusable
adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue.
Figure 8. Methylene Blue adsorption capacity of vermicompost after adsorption/desorption cycle
(Ci=100 ppm, T=25 0
C, t=5 h pH=10)
IV. CONCLUSION
The adsorption of a methylene blue onto vermicompost was investigated. The SEM and FTIR shown
the interactions between vermicompost surface and dyes. The experiments did five times the regeneration of
vermicompost never losing their activity.
Batch adsorption experimental data were suitable for the Langmuir isotherm and second order kinetic model
(pH=10). It has high capacity (256.66 mg g-1
).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Editor thank to Bozok University Scientific Research and Project Department (BAP) Project number: 6601-
FEB/17-64.
9. Preparation of Papers for International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 7 | July. 2017 | 72 |
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