Textile wastewater treatment is essential due to the high levels of pollutants, including reactive dyes and chemicals, generated by textile industrial activities. Various treatment methods, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary processes, are employed to reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and suspended solids. Advanced techniques like Fenton's reagent and membrane technologies are used to effectively remove toxic contaminants and improve water quality.

2. Textile Waste Water
Treatment

3. Wastewater is any water that has
been adversely affected in quality by
anthropogenic influence.
Wastewater can originate from a
combination of domestic, industrial,
commercial or agricultural activities,
surface runoff or storm water, and
from sewer inflow or infiltration.
Wastewater

4. Textile wastewater
Wastewater is any water that
has been adversely affected in
quality by textile industrial
activities

5. NATURE OF TEXTILE WASTE WATER
Rich in
color
Containing
residues of
reactive
dyes and
chemicals
It contain many
aerosols
High
chroma
High COD and
BOD
concentration

6. Textile industry

7. Pollutantsintextileeffluents
Suspended solids
Mineral oils
Non-biodegradable or low
Biodegradable surfactants
Other organics
Halogenated organics

8. Pollutants
Effluent streams
Pesticides
Potential microbiological
pollutants
Other contaminants

9. Scouring Desizing Bleaching
Mercerizing Dyeing Printing
Finishing
Processes involve in textile industry

11. 38 % in bleaching 6 % in dyeing
8% in printing,
14 % in boiler an
d 24 % for other
uses

12. Parameters Values
pH 6.0-9.0
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) 80 6,000
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) 150 12,000
Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) 15 8,000
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 2,900 -3,100
Chloride (mg/L) 1000 1600
Total Nitrogen (mg/L) 70 80

13. RISK RELATED TO TEXTILE WASTE
WATER
Environmental
pollution
Increase
turbidity
Reduce
photosynthesis
Alteration in
habitat
Effect on
ecology
Disturbance in
food chain

14. PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY

15. Primary Treatment

17.  Coarse suspended
matters such as rags,
pieces of fabric,
fibres, yarns and lint
are removed.
 Bar screens and
mechanically cleaned
fine screens remove
most of the fibres

18.  Effluent streams are
collected into ‘sump pit’.
 Sometimes mixed
effluents are stirred
by rotating agitators or
by blowing compressed
air from below.
 The pit has a conical
bottom for enhancing
the settling of solid
particles
EQUALIZATION TANK

19.  Process is particularly
useful for treatment of
wastes containing high
%age of settable solids
 The sedimentation tanks
are designed to enable
smaller and lighter
particles to settle under
gravity.
 The settled sludge is
removed from the
sedimentation tanks by
mechanical scrapping
into hoppers and
pumping it out
subsequently.
SEDIMENTATION TANK

20.  Normally, ph values of cotton finishing
effluents are on the alkaline side.
Hence, ph value of equalized effluent
should be adjusted.
 By the use of dilute sulphuric acid

21. Finely divided suspended solids and
colloidal particles cannot be
efficiently removed by simple
sedimentation by gravity. In such
cases, mechanical flocculation or
chemical coagulation is employed.

22.  Chemical coagulants cause formation of
a sludge phase that can be separated by
density difference.
 Major coagulants:
 Al2(SO4)3.14H2O (Alum)
 FeCl3.6H2O
 Fe2SO4

24.  In mechanical flocculation,
the textile waste water is
passed through a tank
under gentle stirring; the
finely divided suspended
solids coalesce into larger
particles and settle out.
 Specialized equipment
such as clari-flocculator is
also available, wherein
flocculation chamber is a
part of a sedimentation
tank.

25. INLET EFFULENT PARAMETER AFTER PRIMARY TREATMENT
PH
9.0-10.0
8.0-9.0
TSS
500-1500 mg/lit
250-750 mg/lit
(50%) decrease
COD
1500-3000 mg/lit
600-1200 mg/lit
(60%) decrease
BOD
200-400 mg/lit
50-100 mg/lit
(25%) decrease

28. Aerated Lagoon
Holding and/or
treatment pond
Provided with
artificial aeration
To Promote the
biological oxidation
of wastewaters.

29. consists of a bed of a highly
permeable medium to which
microorganisms are attached and
through which wastewater is
percolated or trickled
This easiest step of biological
treatment is reducing the
BOD5 between 50 and 70%.
Trickling Filter

30. The activated
sludge process is a process
for
treating sewage and indust
rial wastewaters using air
and a biological floc
composed of bacteria and
protozoa.
Oxidizing carbonaceous
biological matter, oxidizing
nitrogenous matter:
mainly ammonium and nitr
ogen in biological matter,
removing nutrients (nitrog
en and phosphorus).
Activated sludge

31.  The Oxidation Ditch is a highly efficient
aeration system using very low speed
surface aerators.
 Aerators are mounted at watercourse
channels in a racetrack configuration to
provide complex mixing in the aeration
zones.
 Plug flow exists in the channels between
the aerators.

32. Achievable Results
Oxidation Ditch Industrial Wastewater Treatment benefits include:
• 95-99% BOD removal efficiency
• Over 90% Nitrogen removal by denitrification
• Over 50% elimination of Phosphorous compounds
• Over 95% Phosphorous removal if Fe salts added
• Lowest excess and stable sludge production
• Effective and safe ammonia removal
• Low to minimal odour emissions
• Maximum operational simplicity
• Limited sludge processing and treatment required
• Minimal operational control required
• Minimization of construction cost

33. Tertiary
treatment

34. TERTIARY
TREATMENT
OXIDATIVE
TECHNIQUE
S
FENTONE
REACTION
OZONATION
ADSOPTIONION
EXCHANGE
MEMBRANE
TECHNIQUE
ULTRA
FILTRATION
NANO
FILTRATION

35. Fenton reaction
Ozonation
Adsorption
Oxidative
techniques

36.  Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen
peroxide and an iron catalyst that is used
to oxidize contaminants or waste waters.
Fenton's reagent can be used to
destroy organic compounds
(1) Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + HO• + OH−
(2) Fe3+ + H2O2 → Fe2+ + HOO• + H+

37.  Very effective and fast
decolourising treatment.
 Can easily break the
doublebonds present in
most of the dyes.
 Inhibit or destroy the
foaming properties of
residual surfactants.
 It can oxidise a
significant portion of cod.

38.  Used to removes colour and other
soluble organic pollutants from effluent
 The process also removes toxic
chemicals such as pesticides, phenols,
cyanides and organic.
 Most commonly used adsorbent for
treatment is activated carbon

39.  Ion exchange process is normally used for the
removal of inorganic salts
 salts are composed of a +ve ion of a base and a
-ve ion of an acid.
 IE materials are capable of exchanging soluble
ions and cations with electrolyte solutions.
 e,g a cation exchanger in the Na form when
contacted with a sol of cacl2 will scavenge the
Ca ions from the solution and replace them with
Na ions.
 This is a convenient method for removing the
hardness from water or effluent.

40. Membrane technology
Ultra-filtration (UF)
membranes retain only macro molecules and
suspended solids. Thus salts, solvents and low
molecular weight organic solutes pass through
UF membrane with the permeate water.
ƒNano-filtration (Nf)
Capable of removing hardness elements such as
calcium or magnesium together with bacteria,
viruses, and colour.

41.  Suspended solids and organic substances will
reduce in absorption.
 Remove about 97% of colour, 76% of turbidity,
84% of COD, 77% of BOD and 94% of PO-4
 Ultrafiltration-color removal, chemical
oxygen demand(COD) reduction.
 Ozonation-for colour removal and remove
COD of basics dyes by 64.96%