The slides mainly describes about the general introduction of dyes, different methods for dye removal and factors affecting the dye adsorption

1. A DISSERTATION ON
A REVIEW ON REMOVAL OF DYES USING DIFFERENT TYPES
OF ADSORBENTS FROM WASTE WATER
PRESENTED BY:
MS. ASHU BERWAL
B. Sc. (H) CHEMISTRY
ENROLLMENT NO.:-1703100007
SUPERVISOR
DR. NEERAJ KUMARI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
SCHOOL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE

2. COLOURANT
A colorant is a substance that is added or applied in order to change the colour of a
material or surface.
Colorants
Pigments Dyes

3. PIGMENT
A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result
of wavelength-selective absorption.
DYE
A dye is a coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being
applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to
improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.

4. Classification of dyes:
Nature dyes:
 Natural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals. The
majority of natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources—
roots, berries, bark, leaves, and wood and other biological sources such as fungi.
Dyes
Natural Synthetic

5. SYNTHETIC DYES
 Synthetic dyes are the chemical compounds which are man-made from petrochemicals
and that can be harmful to humans, especially those who work in their production.
 Some of the chemicals found in synthetic dyes are mercury, lead, chromium, copper,
sodium chloride, toluene, and benzene. Exposure to large doses of these substances can
be toxic and can have severe effects in the human body.
 EXAMPLE:-Fast green, Picric acid, Orange G, Oil red O, Eosin Y etc.

6. USES OF DYES:
Plastic Industry Paper Industry
Food Industry Cosmetics IndustryDYES

7. HAZARDOUS EFFECT OF DYES ON ENVIRONMENT
 Haemorrhage, ulceration of skin, nausea, skin irritation and dermatitis.
 Block the penetration of sunlight from water surface.
 Increase the biochemical oxygen demand.
 Eutrophication and perturbation in aquatic life.
 Reduce the productivity of soil.

8. WATER POLLUTION
 The dye effluent contaminates the surface and ground water, thereby, making it unfit
for irrigation and drinking.
 The waste water that flows in the drains corrodes and incrassates the sewerage pipes. If
allowed to flow in drains and rivers it effects the quality of drinking water in hand
pumps making it unfit for human consumption.

9. DIFFERENT METHOD TO REMOVE DYE
BIOLOGICAL
CHEMICAL
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL/
PHYSICAL
ADSORPTION

10. ADSORPTION
 Easy to carry out.
 No reagents are required.
 Minimum activation steps involved.
 Comparatively cheap method of immobilization.
 Less disruptive to enzyme than chemical methods.
 Easily desorbed, simple and cheap, enzyme activity unaffected.
DIFFERENT ADSORBENTS USED FOR DYE ADSORPTION
 Fly Ash
 Agriculture Waste
 Coir Pith
 Activated carbon

11. FORMULA USED TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF
ADSORPTION OF DYES
% 𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒚𝒆 =
𝑪 𝟎 − 𝑪 𝒆
𝑪 𝟎
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒒 𝒆 =
𝑪 𝟎 − 𝑪 𝒆
𝑴
× 𝑽
qe = amount of dye adsorbed on adsorbent at equilibrium
C0 and Ce = the initial and equilibrium of dye concentration in solution,
V =volume of solution ,
M =weight of adsorbent .

12. FACTOR AFFECTING THE ADSORPTION
 pH
 Concentration
 Time
 Adsorbent dose
 Temperature

13. WORK DONE BY ME
1. COCONUT HUSK AS ADSORBENT
 Collection of sample
 Washing and drying
 Grinding
 Drying
 Before grinding-5.3g
 After grinding-4.8g
2. COLLECTION OF DYE SAMPLE
 Collection of sample
 Measuring of λmax value using UV-Visible spectroscopy After finding λmax value I found
that the dyes were:
 λmax = 550nm, Reactive violet-5
 λmax = 570nm, Dispersed blue-79

14. REACTIVE VIOLET-5
 Molecular Formula:- C20H16N3Na3O15S4
 Molecular Weight:- 735.59
 Chromophoric group: Azo group

15. Uses:
 printing cellulosic fibers such as cotton and linen
Hazardous effect:
 Causes respiratory sensitization of workers who are occupationally exposed to them.
 The highly toxic and mutagenic dyes decrease light penetration and photosynthetic
activity, causing oxygen deficiency and limiting downstream beneficial uses such as
recreation, drinking water and irrigation.

16. DISPERSED BLUE-73
 Molecular Formula:-C20H14N2O5
 Molecular Weight:- 362.34
 Soluble in ethanol and acetone
 Chromophoric group: Anthroquinone
Advantage of dye:
 Penetration of the dye in the fibre is better thus it improves rubbing fastness.
 It improves leveling property so uniform / leveled dyeing can be obtained.
Hazardous effect of dye:
 Cause allergic reactions
 Dermatitis
 Eczema
 affect self purification system and are damaging the aesthetic nature of the environment

17. CONCLUSION
 The dyeing process is one of the key factors in the successful trading of textile products.
 Dyeing methods have not changed much with time.
 Basically water is used to clean, dye and apply chemicals to the fabrics, and also to rinse
the treated fiber or fabrics.
 The changing technology, from hand power, to water power to steam and then to
electricity, fundamentally changed the textile industry, its product market ablility and
its profitability.
 Now its time for another change! Plasma technology is poised to change the concept of
textile wet processing, as we all know innovation never ends.

18. FUTURE PROSPECTS
 The adsorbent (coir pith) can be used for the removal of other dyes also.
 The dye adsorbed adsorbent (dye adsorbed coir pith) can be used as colorant for
different applications.