Join Sporty's John Zimmerman for a detailed look at Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast, the technology that's changing how pilots fly. From the basics of the system to portable ADS-B receivers to panel-mount ADS-B transmitters, you'll learn what ADS-B really means and how to fly with it.
Presented at the 2016 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh.
Traffic alert and collision avoidance system Юра Камкін
- Traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS/ACAS) is an aircraft system that monitors nearby aircraft and warns pilots of potential collisions.
- It operates independently of air traffic control and uses transponder signals to identify and track nearby aircraft.
- If it detects a collision threat, TCAS will advise pilots on altitude changes to avoid collisions through visual and audio alerts in the cockpit.
This document discusses ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast), a technology that will replace radar as the primary means for air traffic controllers to track aircraft. It operates using two modes: ADS-B Out broadcasts data from aircraft, while ADS-B In receives data in the aircraft. By 2020, all aircraft will be required to have ADS-B Out equipment installed. ADS-B uses GPS and broadcasts aircraft's location, speed, and other data to any aircraft or ground station equipped to receive it. This allows pilots and controllers to see the same information simultaneously.
Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System greeshma6225
TCAS is a collision avoidance system that detects nearby aircraft equipped with transponders and alerts pilots to potential collisions. It uses secondary surveillance radar to monitor airspace and issue traffic advisories or resolution advisories when aircraft get too close. TCAS has reduced mid-air collisions but is limited to detecting only aircraft with operating transponders.
The document provides information on typical aircraft instrument systems, including:
1. The electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) which replaces traditional mechanical instruments with electronic displays like the electronic attitude director indicator (EADI) and electronic horizontal situation indicator (EHSI).
2. The electronic centralized aircraft monitoring (ECAM) system which monitors aircraft systems and provides visual warnings to pilots such as the electronic centralized aircraft monitoring (ECAM) display.
3. The fly-by-wire (FBW) system which replaces traditional manual flight controls with an electronic interface for transmitting commands to flight surfaces through actuators.
The document provides an overview of an Instrument Landing System (ILS). It discusses that an ILS uses radio beams to guide aircraft visually during low visibility conditions. It has three main components - localizer antennas that provide horizontal guidance to the runway centerline, glide slope antennas that provide vertical guidance to the ideal 3-degree glidepath, and marker beacons that indicate the aircraft's distance from the runway. The document also describes the ILS categories which differ based on minimum decision heights and visibility requirements for landing.
The document discusses the Instrument Landing System (ILS), which provides aircraft with horizontal and vertical guidance just before and during landing. It has key components including localizer antennas that guide left/right movement and glide slope antennas that guide up/down movement. Marker beacons help pilots check aircraft position at certain distances from the runway. ILS allows landings in low visibility conditions down to Category III, with no visibility limitations. It transmits radio signals received by aircraft to indicate proper alignment on the landing path.
Traffic alert and collision avoidance system Юра Камкін
- Traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS/ACAS) is an aircraft system that monitors nearby aircraft and warns pilots of potential collisions.
- It operates independently of air traffic control and uses transponder signals to identify and track nearby aircraft.
- If it detects a collision threat, TCAS will advise pilots on altitude changes to avoid collisions through visual and audio alerts in the cockpit.
This document discusses ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast), a technology that will replace radar as the primary means for air traffic controllers to track aircraft. It operates using two modes: ADS-B Out broadcasts data from aircraft, while ADS-B In receives data in the aircraft. By 2020, all aircraft will be required to have ADS-B Out equipment installed. ADS-B uses GPS and broadcasts aircraft's location, speed, and other data to any aircraft or ground station equipped to receive it. This allows pilots and controllers to see the same information simultaneously.
Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System greeshma6225
TCAS is a collision avoidance system that detects nearby aircraft equipped with transponders and alerts pilots to potential collisions. It uses secondary surveillance radar to monitor airspace and issue traffic advisories or resolution advisories when aircraft get too close. TCAS has reduced mid-air collisions but is limited to detecting only aircraft with operating transponders.
The document provides information on typical aircraft instrument systems, including:
1. The electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) which replaces traditional mechanical instruments with electronic displays like the electronic attitude director indicator (EADI) and electronic horizontal situation indicator (EHSI).
2. The electronic centralized aircraft monitoring (ECAM) system which monitors aircraft systems and provides visual warnings to pilots such as the electronic centralized aircraft monitoring (ECAM) display.
3. The fly-by-wire (FBW) system which replaces traditional manual flight controls with an electronic interface for transmitting commands to flight surfaces through actuators.
The document provides an overview of an Instrument Landing System (ILS). It discusses that an ILS uses radio beams to guide aircraft visually during low visibility conditions. It has three main components - localizer antennas that provide horizontal guidance to the runway centerline, glide slope antennas that provide vertical guidance to the ideal 3-degree glidepath, and marker beacons that indicate the aircraft's distance from the runway. The document also describes the ILS categories which differ based on minimum decision heights and visibility requirements for landing.
The document discusses the Instrument Landing System (ILS), which provides aircraft with horizontal and vertical guidance just before and during landing. It has key components including localizer antennas that guide left/right movement and glide slope antennas that guide up/down movement. Marker beacons help pilots check aircraft position at certain distances from the runway. ILS allows landings in low visibility conditions down to Category III, with no visibility limitations. It transmits radio signals received by aircraft to indicate proper alignment on the landing path.
Instrument Landing System is a system installed in the aeroplanes for a safe landing. This slide includes all the necessary details about the system, components, installations, working, upgradations.
The document discusses the Aircraft Communication, Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS). It provides details on:
- ACARS is a digital data link system used to transmit messages between aircraft and ground stations via radio or satellite. It was developed by ARINC in 1978 to automate communication and reduce crew workload.
- The system consists of equipment onboard aircraft and on the ground, as well as data link service providers like ARINC and SITA that connect aircraft to the ground system.
- ACARS transmissions play an important role in investigations of air accidents by providing data to help locate crashed aircraft. It has also been used to collect weather data from commercial flights for agencies like NOAA.
Air traffic control towers serve several purposes:
1) To provide aerodrome control service and direct pilots during takeoff, landing, and taxiing for efficient and safe runway traffic flow.
2) To monitor weather conditions and ensure the safest route of travel, contacting meteorological stations for updates.
3) To aid pilots in emergencies by maintaining contact, providing assistance, and directing emergency landings if needed.
Early pilots navigated visually by looking for landmarks but as flying occurred at night and in poor weather, new navigation technologies were developed. In the 1920s, navigation aids helped pilots determine attitude and position even when the ground was not visible. In 1929, Sperry introduced the artificial horizon and other mechanical aids emerged in the 1930s. Today, aircraft are tracked by radar but GPS now allows pilots to determine their precise position without assistance from air traffic control. This has led to debates around who should control navigation - pilots using GPS or air traffic controllers.
This document summarizes several aircraft navigation systems. It describes the following systems in 1-3 sentences each:
VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) system, which uses radio signals to determine position relative to ground stations. Instrument Landing System (ILS), which guides aircraft to runways using localizer and glide slope signals. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), which measures the distance between the aircraft and a ground station. Automatic Direction Finders (ADF), which use directional antennas to determine the direction of radio signals. Doppler Navigation System, which computes ground speed and drift using the Doppler effect. Inertial Navigation System, which derives position from accelerometers and gyroscopes without external references. Radio
Class G airspace has the fewest restrictions and is closest to the ground, while Class A airspace is the most restrictive and prohibits VFR flight. Each class has different pilot certification, equipment, and weather minimum requirements that become more stringent from Class G to Class A airspace. Special use airspaces also exist for security or military reasons and may impose additional limitations on aircraft. Knowledge of the national airspace system is essential for safe cross-country soaring flights.
This document discusses avionics systems used in aircraft. It states that avionics systems are dependent on electronics and account for a significant portion of an aircraft's total cost, ranging from 30% to over 75% depending on the aircraft type. The key roles of avionics systems are to enable safe and efficient mission accomplishment for military aircraft and air traffic control and all-weather operation for civil aircraft. Important considerations in avionics system design include increased safety, reliability, maintainability, and reduction in life cycle costs. The document outlines various avionics components, subsystems, architectures, and display technologies used in aircraft.
An inertial navigation system (INS) uses gyroscopes and accelerometers to determine the position, orientation, and velocity of a moving object without needing any external references. It provides accurate positioning, velocity, attitude, and heading information by measuring linear acceleration and angular motion. The basic components are a stable platform, accelerometers to measure specific acceleration components, integrators to calculate velocity and position from acceleration measurements, and a computer to process the signals and output navigation solutions like latitude and longitude.
This document provides an introduction to the Instrument Landing System (ILS). ILS uses radio beams to guide aircraft to the runway during low visibility landings. It consists of ground-based localizers, glide slopes, and marker beacons, as well as airborne receivers. The localizer transmits left/right guidance while the glide slope provides up/down guidance to help the pilot align with the runway centerline and descend at the proper angle for a safe landing. Marker beacons inform pilots of their position and height along the approach path to the runway. ILS significantly improves safety during instrument approaches and landings.
This document provides a summary of VHF Omni-Directional Range (VOR) navigation. It describes VOR frequency, transmission, range, and identification. It also explains aircraft VOR equipment including the receiver, antenna, Course Deviation Indicator (CDI), and Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI). The principal of VOR operation using phase comparison is outlined. Key aspects of CDI and RMI operation are defined, including rules for CDI interpretation. Common types of VOR errors and the VOR test facility are defined. Example exam questions on CDI calculations, twin pointer RMI, maximum VOR range, the 1 in 60 rule, and leading/lagging VOR signals are provided.
This document provides an overview of the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). It discusses the history of TCAS, which began development in the 1970s following several mid-air collisions. It then describes the components and functions of TCAS, including how it detects intruder aircraft, issues traffic advisories and resolution advisories, and uses specific symbology in its displays. The document also outlines pilots' and air traffic controllers' responsibilities during TCAS advisories to maintain safety. In summary, TCAS is an airborne collision avoidance system that monitors nearby aircraft and issues alerts to pilots if there is a potential collision threat.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) power point Presentation for aircraftPrabhat K.C.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) is a measuring device using ground and air components to determine the slant range of an aircraft from a point.
It is a radio navigation technology that measures the slant range (distance) between an aircraft and a ground station by timing the propagation delay of radio signals in the frequency band between 960 and 1215 megahertz (MHz).
Avionics systems include the electronic systems used on aircraft and spacecraft to manage communications, navigation, and all other onboard systems. The document discusses six key avionics systems: 1) Basic flight instruments like the altimeter, attitude indicator, magnetic compass, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator provide pilots with critical aircraft data. 2) Cabin pressurization and 3) air conditioning systems are necessary for crew and passenger safety and comfort. 4) The aircraft fuel system manages fuel storage and delivery to engines. 5) Autopilot systems use gyroscopes, servos, and controllers to automatically guide and fly aircraft without constant pilot assistance. 6) Electrical power systems use batteries for starting aircraft and emergencies.
The document summarizes an aviation accident that occurred in 1996 near Delhi, India involving a mid-air collision between two aircraft that killed 349 people. It describes that one of the aircraft, KZA 1907, descended lower than its assigned altitude of 150 feet to 140 feet and below, colliding with another aircraft that was cleared to fly at 140 feet. The accident was deemed avoidable and led to new regulations requiring aircraft to have secondary surveillance radar and transponders to help air traffic control monitor aircraft positions and help prevent future collisions.
AAI manages 125 airports in India and provides air navigation services over 2.8 million square nautical miles of airspace. It is responsible for communication, navigation, and surveillance facilities at airports. The key CNS facilities include VHF systems for air-to-ground communication, satellite networks, voice switching systems, navigation aids like VOR and ILS to determine aircraft position, and surveillance systems like radar. AAI aims to ensure safe and efficient air navigation through these CNS facilities.
CARE is a charity that provides aviation education courses in Hong Kong. It has partnered with youth organizations since 2009 and established a connection with a UK flight school in 2015. Students who complete CARE's program can receive recommendations to participate in the flight school's private pilot program. The document then describes the electronic flight displays on Airbus aircraft, including the primary flight display, navigation display, and their various modes and symbology relating to flight parameters, navigation, weather radar, and the flight management system.
Air traffic controllers like Eugene Air Traffic Controller Travis Jensen work to safely and efficiently direct aircraft through the national airspace system using radio communication and radar, which has evolved greatly from the early days of pilots navigating visually and basic flag signals. Controllers at the Eugene tower and radar approach control facility provide services to pilots flying under visual flight rules to enhance safety with advisories and assistance with navigation, terrain, and emergencies in the local airspace. Pilots are advised to communicate their requests and any aircraft issues to the controllers as early as possible to facilitate safe and optimal operations.
The Airport Authority of India operates most aspects of airports including air traffic control. It owns 122 airports, including 11 international and 82 domestic airports. The Authority's functions include controlling air traffic, operating and maintaining airports, and providing navigational aids to guide pilots. Radar systems are a key part of air traffic control and use radio waves to detect and track the range, altitude, direction or speed of aircraft and other objects. The Authority operates various types of radar systems and navigation aids to guide aircraft and measure distances.
Airline Network Planning And Simulation Inna Stelin
This document describes ICF's NetWorks® airline network planning and simulation model. NetWorks® is a powerful tool that airlines can use to model traffic flows, evaluate schedules, and test "what if" scenarios. It integrates data on markets, schedules, fares and costs to estimate traffic shares and allocate passengers. NetWorks® enables airlines to assess their network's strengths and weaknesses, and reduce financial risk through scenario analysis. The document outlines NetWorks®'s functionality and provides examples of the reports it can generate.
This document provides an overview of basic navigation concepts for pilots. It covers topics like reference lines on Earth, latitude and longitude, time zones, wind corrections, and magnetic variation. The objectives are to identify these concepts and perform calculations related to time, speed, distance and aircraft navigation. Various charts and examples are provided to demonstrate applications of these navigational techniques.
Robert Watson-Watt invented radar in the 1930s while working for the British government. He developed devices for detecting atmospheric discharges and locating approaching aircraft. This led to the development of radar which played a key role in Britain's defense during World War 2.
Radar systems use radio waves that are transmitted and reflected to detect objects. The components of a radar system include a transmitter, antenna, receiver, and indicator. The transmitter creates pulses that are emitted by the antenna. The receiver detects reflections and the indicator, usually a cathode ray tube, displays the results.
Air traffic control radars include Precision Approach Radar for precision landing, Airport Surveillance Radar for short range surveillance, Air Route Surveillance Radar for long
Traffic radar uses Doppler radar to detect the speed of vehicles. It works by emitting a constant microwave beam down the road. When the beam bounces off a vehicle, the radar antenna detects the reflection and uses the Doppler principle to calculate the vehicle's speed based on the difference between the transmitted and reflected frequencies. Traffic radar is small enough to fit in a police cruiser and does not require a sweeping beam or radar screen like other types of radar. It was developed in the 1940s for military use and was first adopted by police in the late 1940s to issue speeding tickets.
Instrument Landing System is a system installed in the aeroplanes for a safe landing. This slide includes all the necessary details about the system, components, installations, working, upgradations.
The document discusses the Aircraft Communication, Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS). It provides details on:
- ACARS is a digital data link system used to transmit messages between aircraft and ground stations via radio or satellite. It was developed by ARINC in 1978 to automate communication and reduce crew workload.
- The system consists of equipment onboard aircraft and on the ground, as well as data link service providers like ARINC and SITA that connect aircraft to the ground system.
- ACARS transmissions play an important role in investigations of air accidents by providing data to help locate crashed aircraft. It has also been used to collect weather data from commercial flights for agencies like NOAA.
Air traffic control towers serve several purposes:
1) To provide aerodrome control service and direct pilots during takeoff, landing, and taxiing for efficient and safe runway traffic flow.
2) To monitor weather conditions and ensure the safest route of travel, contacting meteorological stations for updates.
3) To aid pilots in emergencies by maintaining contact, providing assistance, and directing emergency landings if needed.
Early pilots navigated visually by looking for landmarks but as flying occurred at night and in poor weather, new navigation technologies were developed. In the 1920s, navigation aids helped pilots determine attitude and position even when the ground was not visible. In 1929, Sperry introduced the artificial horizon and other mechanical aids emerged in the 1930s. Today, aircraft are tracked by radar but GPS now allows pilots to determine their precise position without assistance from air traffic control. This has led to debates around who should control navigation - pilots using GPS or air traffic controllers.
This document summarizes several aircraft navigation systems. It describes the following systems in 1-3 sentences each:
VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) system, which uses radio signals to determine position relative to ground stations. Instrument Landing System (ILS), which guides aircraft to runways using localizer and glide slope signals. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), which measures the distance between the aircraft and a ground station. Automatic Direction Finders (ADF), which use directional antennas to determine the direction of radio signals. Doppler Navigation System, which computes ground speed and drift using the Doppler effect. Inertial Navigation System, which derives position from accelerometers and gyroscopes without external references. Radio
Class G airspace has the fewest restrictions and is closest to the ground, while Class A airspace is the most restrictive and prohibits VFR flight. Each class has different pilot certification, equipment, and weather minimum requirements that become more stringent from Class G to Class A airspace. Special use airspaces also exist for security or military reasons and may impose additional limitations on aircraft. Knowledge of the national airspace system is essential for safe cross-country soaring flights.
This document discusses avionics systems used in aircraft. It states that avionics systems are dependent on electronics and account for a significant portion of an aircraft's total cost, ranging from 30% to over 75% depending on the aircraft type. The key roles of avionics systems are to enable safe and efficient mission accomplishment for military aircraft and air traffic control and all-weather operation for civil aircraft. Important considerations in avionics system design include increased safety, reliability, maintainability, and reduction in life cycle costs. The document outlines various avionics components, subsystems, architectures, and display technologies used in aircraft.
An inertial navigation system (INS) uses gyroscopes and accelerometers to determine the position, orientation, and velocity of a moving object without needing any external references. It provides accurate positioning, velocity, attitude, and heading information by measuring linear acceleration and angular motion. The basic components are a stable platform, accelerometers to measure specific acceleration components, integrators to calculate velocity and position from acceleration measurements, and a computer to process the signals and output navigation solutions like latitude and longitude.
This document provides an introduction to the Instrument Landing System (ILS). ILS uses radio beams to guide aircraft to the runway during low visibility landings. It consists of ground-based localizers, glide slopes, and marker beacons, as well as airborne receivers. The localizer transmits left/right guidance while the glide slope provides up/down guidance to help the pilot align with the runway centerline and descend at the proper angle for a safe landing. Marker beacons inform pilots of their position and height along the approach path to the runway. ILS significantly improves safety during instrument approaches and landings.
This document provides a summary of VHF Omni-Directional Range (VOR) navigation. It describes VOR frequency, transmission, range, and identification. It also explains aircraft VOR equipment including the receiver, antenna, Course Deviation Indicator (CDI), and Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI). The principal of VOR operation using phase comparison is outlined. Key aspects of CDI and RMI operation are defined, including rules for CDI interpretation. Common types of VOR errors and the VOR test facility are defined. Example exam questions on CDI calculations, twin pointer RMI, maximum VOR range, the 1 in 60 rule, and leading/lagging VOR signals are provided.
This document provides an overview of the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). It discusses the history of TCAS, which began development in the 1970s following several mid-air collisions. It then describes the components and functions of TCAS, including how it detects intruder aircraft, issues traffic advisories and resolution advisories, and uses specific symbology in its displays. The document also outlines pilots' and air traffic controllers' responsibilities during TCAS advisories to maintain safety. In summary, TCAS is an airborne collision avoidance system that monitors nearby aircraft and issues alerts to pilots if there is a potential collision threat.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) power point Presentation for aircraftPrabhat K.C.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) is a measuring device using ground and air components to determine the slant range of an aircraft from a point.
It is a radio navigation technology that measures the slant range (distance) between an aircraft and a ground station by timing the propagation delay of radio signals in the frequency band between 960 and 1215 megahertz (MHz).
Avionics systems include the electronic systems used on aircraft and spacecraft to manage communications, navigation, and all other onboard systems. The document discusses six key avionics systems: 1) Basic flight instruments like the altimeter, attitude indicator, magnetic compass, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator provide pilots with critical aircraft data. 2) Cabin pressurization and 3) air conditioning systems are necessary for crew and passenger safety and comfort. 4) The aircraft fuel system manages fuel storage and delivery to engines. 5) Autopilot systems use gyroscopes, servos, and controllers to automatically guide and fly aircraft without constant pilot assistance. 6) Electrical power systems use batteries for starting aircraft and emergencies.
The document summarizes an aviation accident that occurred in 1996 near Delhi, India involving a mid-air collision between two aircraft that killed 349 people. It describes that one of the aircraft, KZA 1907, descended lower than its assigned altitude of 150 feet to 140 feet and below, colliding with another aircraft that was cleared to fly at 140 feet. The accident was deemed avoidable and led to new regulations requiring aircraft to have secondary surveillance radar and transponders to help air traffic control monitor aircraft positions and help prevent future collisions.
AAI manages 125 airports in India and provides air navigation services over 2.8 million square nautical miles of airspace. It is responsible for communication, navigation, and surveillance facilities at airports. The key CNS facilities include VHF systems for air-to-ground communication, satellite networks, voice switching systems, navigation aids like VOR and ILS to determine aircraft position, and surveillance systems like radar. AAI aims to ensure safe and efficient air navigation through these CNS facilities.
CARE is a charity that provides aviation education courses in Hong Kong. It has partnered with youth organizations since 2009 and established a connection with a UK flight school in 2015. Students who complete CARE's program can receive recommendations to participate in the flight school's private pilot program. The document then describes the electronic flight displays on Airbus aircraft, including the primary flight display, navigation display, and their various modes and symbology relating to flight parameters, navigation, weather radar, and the flight management system.
Air traffic controllers like Eugene Air Traffic Controller Travis Jensen work to safely and efficiently direct aircraft through the national airspace system using radio communication and radar, which has evolved greatly from the early days of pilots navigating visually and basic flag signals. Controllers at the Eugene tower and radar approach control facility provide services to pilots flying under visual flight rules to enhance safety with advisories and assistance with navigation, terrain, and emergencies in the local airspace. Pilots are advised to communicate their requests and any aircraft issues to the controllers as early as possible to facilitate safe and optimal operations.
The Airport Authority of India operates most aspects of airports including air traffic control. It owns 122 airports, including 11 international and 82 domestic airports. The Authority's functions include controlling air traffic, operating and maintaining airports, and providing navigational aids to guide pilots. Radar systems are a key part of air traffic control and use radio waves to detect and track the range, altitude, direction or speed of aircraft and other objects. The Authority operates various types of radar systems and navigation aids to guide aircraft and measure distances.
Airline Network Planning And Simulation Inna Stelin
This document describes ICF's NetWorks® airline network planning and simulation model. NetWorks® is a powerful tool that airlines can use to model traffic flows, evaluate schedules, and test "what if" scenarios. It integrates data on markets, schedules, fares and costs to estimate traffic shares and allocate passengers. NetWorks® enables airlines to assess their network's strengths and weaknesses, and reduce financial risk through scenario analysis. The document outlines NetWorks®'s functionality and provides examples of the reports it can generate.
This document provides an overview of basic navigation concepts for pilots. It covers topics like reference lines on Earth, latitude and longitude, time zones, wind corrections, and magnetic variation. The objectives are to identify these concepts and perform calculations related to time, speed, distance and aircraft navigation. Various charts and examples are provided to demonstrate applications of these navigational techniques.
Robert Watson-Watt invented radar in the 1930s while working for the British government. He developed devices for detecting atmospheric discharges and locating approaching aircraft. This led to the development of radar which played a key role in Britain's defense during World War 2.
Radar systems use radio waves that are transmitted and reflected to detect objects. The components of a radar system include a transmitter, antenna, receiver, and indicator. The transmitter creates pulses that are emitted by the antenna. The receiver detects reflections and the indicator, usually a cathode ray tube, displays the results.
Air traffic control radars include Precision Approach Radar for precision landing, Airport Surveillance Radar for short range surveillance, Air Route Surveillance Radar for long
Traffic radar uses Doppler radar to detect the speed of vehicles. It works by emitting a constant microwave beam down the road. When the beam bounces off a vehicle, the radar antenna detects the reflection and uses the Doppler principle to calculate the vehicle's speed based on the difference between the transmitted and reflected frequencies. Traffic radar is small enough to fit in a police cruiser and does not require a sweeping beam or radar screen like other types of radar. It was developed in the 1940s for military use and was first adopted by police in the late 1940s to issue speeding tickets.
The document discusses air traffic control (ATC) principles and processes. It describes how ATC centers use radar, flight plan data processing, and other systems to monitor aircraft, ensure safe separation between flights, and manage airspace flow. It covers topics like radar tracking of aircraft, coordination between ATC sectors, surveillance technologies, and flight data exchange standards.
This slideshow was made for an invited talk at a local radio club that took place in early 2013. It introduces the methods of navigation and gives overview on the role of aerodrome and airspace traffic control.
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ADS-B Update: equipping for 2020 (August 2015 edition)sportyspilotshop
This document discusses ADS-B equipage options for pilots, including both panel-mount and portable solutions. It provides an overview of key ADS-B concepts and terminology. For panel-mount options, it reviews several avionics solutions from manufacturers like Garmin, FreeFlight, and L-3 Communications that can be installed in aircraft. It also discusses factors for pilots to consider when deciding between 978 MHz UAT or 1090 MHz ES solutions. The document then covers several portable ADS-B receiver options that can be used with iPad apps like ForeFlight, Garmin Pilot, and WingX to provide ADS-B functionality without a permanent install.
A plain-language special report on what ADS-B is, how it works, why you should equip before the deadline, and why just being legal may not mean you're as safe as you could be.
1) The AFIRS system consists of onboard hardware and a web-based data conduit that allows automated reporting of aircraft data via satellite communications.
2) It provides real-time situational awareness of aircraft location and status, as well as automated alerts for irregular situations like emergencies.
3) The technology is certified, existing infrastructure like satellite networks can support global implementation, and the system offers operational and safety benefits over current practices.
FlightAware operates a global network of ADS-B ground stations that track aircraft worldwide. They provide a live data feed of aircraft positions via ADS-B in JSON format through TCP sockets. This data feed is inexpensive and comprehensive compared to satellite tracking. FlightAware builds their own receivers called FlightFeeders to collect ADS-B data and expand coverage to more locations.
iPad Proficiency Check – Fly like a Pro (AOPA Gulf Shores)Sporty's Pilot Shop
This document provides an overview of how professional pilots use iPads for flying and recommendations for general aviation pilots to fly with their iPads like the pros. It discusses developing standard operating procedures for iPad use, using the iPad for preflight planning and runway safety, portable in-flight weather tools like ADS-B receivers, and scenarios for using iPad weather data and apps in flight. The goal is to help general aviation pilots learn best practices from commercial operators while following FAA regulations and prioritizing visual observation over datalink weather information.
FIS-B is a data broadcasting service that allows aircraft to receive aeronautical information such as weather and airspace restrictions through ADS-B. It gathers information from ADS-B ground stations and radar and delivers it to aircraft cockpits. FIS-B transmits data from ground stations to ADS-B equipped aircraft on a 978 MHz frequency. Aircraft must have ADS-B Out, ADS-B In, a GPS receiver, and a compatible cockpit display in order to receive and view FIS-B data. FIS-B provides advisory aviation weather products and notices to pilots at no cost.
2017 Heli-Expo "Seeing is Believing" (Advanced Vision Systems).IHSTFAA
The document summarizes research being conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on enhancing helicopter safety through the use of advanced vision systems. The FAA is exploring concepts of operations that would allow helicopters to fly in lower visibility conditions using technologies like enhanced vision systems, synthetic vision systems, and computer vision systems. Through flight testing and simulation, the FAA aims to quantify the human and safety benefits of these systems, determine required visual references, and enable revisions to regulations and guidance to increase the use of instrument flight rules for helicopters. Industry partners are collaborating with the FAA on sensor characterization, display evaluation, and experimental design.
This document outlines key differences in phraseology used in air traffic control communications between the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It discusses differences in terminology for air traffic control units, procedures for clearances, wake turbulence separation, use of headings versus tracks, procedures following loss of radio communication, holding patterns, and approach procedures. The document is intended to help pilots learn and understand differences that could impact safety and procedures when flying internationally.
The document discusses Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) and how it compares to the Instrument Landing System (ILS). GBAS provides precision approaches for all runways at an airport, supports curved and segmented approaches, and can change procedures without infrastructure changes. It also enables Category I through III precision approaches with minima down to no decision height or visibility required. GBAS signals are more stable than ILS in adverse weather. The document outlines the benefits of GBAS for airlines, airports, and air navigation service providers, such as reduced track miles, increased airport capacity and flexibility in procedure design.
GSA - Aviation Market Development, presents "EGNOS benefits for general aviation" during the General Aviation workshop @ Lelystad airport, Amsterdam, 14/11/2015
iPad pilot proficiency check: How to fly like a pro with your iPadSporty's Pilot Shop
The iPad is practically required equipment for many pilots and there's no question it has improved safety and reduced the costs associated with flying. iPad Proficiency Check will include a series of insightful recommendations, strategies and other tips that pilots of all experience levels should know when flying with the iPad.
Topics include hidden software features, iPad "gotchas", flying with ADS-B weather, iPad connected panel, ForeFlight tips, airport operations and runway safety, battery management, mounting and much more.
In this program FAA's Director of NextGen Performance and Outreach, Gisele Mohler, discusses how NextGen initiatives impact general aviation, and how they can enhance safety.
This document provides guidance on filling out an international flight plan (ICAO) for flights departing the United States. Key points include:
- The international flight plan format is different than the domestic format, with different terminology and information requirements.
- Items like aircraft identification, flight rules, equipment, and route must be entered using ICAO conventions rather than FAA conventions.
- Performance Based Navigation (PBN) capabilities of avionics like the Garmin G1000 must be carefully considered to ensure compliance with ICAO requirements.
This document discusses technologies for enabling safe beyond visual line of sight (BLOS) flights of small unmanned aircraft systems (SUAS). It describes the Apollo UAT, Zeus radar, and Hermes Link systems which provide cooperative and non-cooperative detection capabilities as well as secure data linking. The Apollo UAT uses ADS-B for cooperative detection and integrates signals from radar and other sensors for non-cooperative collision avoidance. The Zeus radar detects other aircraft and obstacles from long ranges. Hermes Link uses ADS-B signals for tracking and securing data links. These technologies are part of the Guardian Eye system, which has been approved for routine BLOS SUAS operations in Canada.
This document summarizes a presentation given to the Rotor Safety Challenge Session at HeliExpo 2017 about the FAA's Helicopter Flight Data Monitoring (HFDM) research for the Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing (ASIAS) program. The research aims to develop analytical tools to analyze flight data from rotorcraft to proactively identify safety issues. Key areas of research include defining safety metrics for rotorcraft, analyzing flight data with enhanced helicopter performance models, and using data mining techniques to detect anomalies and phase of flight safety events. The goal is to help reduce the helicopter fatal accident rate through voluntary data sharing and analysis within ASIAS.
FANS 1/A Presentation Minnesota Business Aircraft AssociationJo Kremsreiter
This document discusses Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Contract (ADS-C), which together make up FANS 1/A. FANS 1/A enables reduced separation for aircraft in remote and oceanic airspace through automated position reporting via ADS-C and text messaging between air traffic control and pilots using CPDLC, replacing voice communications over HF radio. The document provides information on the approval and use of FANS over Iridium and Inmarsat networks, as well as details on FANS mandates in the North Atlantic region.
Iaetsd ads-b technology with gps aided geoIaetsd Iaetsd
This document discusses Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) technology and its implementation with GPS and GAGAN. ADS-B is being implemented as the next generation air traffic control system to make air travel safer and more efficient. It provides more accurate surveillance than radar, including in areas without radar coverage. The document outlines how ADS-B works using GPS and digital broadcasts between aircraft and ground stations. It also discusses India's implementation of ADS-B using its first GPS satellite, GAGAN, to manage air traffic over Indian airspace.
This document discusses the implementation of the ASBU B0-SURF module, which provides surveillance and alerting of aircraft and vehicle movements on the aerodrome surface using technologies like ADS-B and multilateration. It describes the basic functions and implementation levels of the Advanced-Surface Movement Guidance & Control System (A-SMGCS). The document outlines Cairo International Airport's phased implementation of A-SMGCS including the installation of surface movement radars, a vehicle tracking system, and a multilateration system. The A-SMGCS system is expected to improve safety, efficiency, capacity, and the environment at the airport.
Similar to ADS-B: A pilot's guide to understanding the system and avionics (20)
Join the editors of iPad Pilot News to learn a good mix of beginner and advanced tips, this fast-moving seminar covers a lot of ground. From legal considerations and iPad battery best practices to hidden features in apps (and some cool apps you may not know) there’s something for everyone here.
Originally presented at the 2016 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh.
Take an in-depth look at aviation’s top app with the editors of iPad Pilot News to learn all the new features introduced over the last few years, and how to use it as an in-flight weather tool when connected to the Stratus ADS-B receiver.
Originally presented at the 2016 Sun 'n Fun fly-in.
The Go/No-Go Decision: Real-time decision making for pilots Sporty's Pilot Shop
This document provides information on two pilots, Eric Radtke and Bret Koebbe, who are presenting on real-time decision making for pilots. It outlines their backgrounds and credentials. The rest of the document covers various topics related to preflight planning, including electronic resources, weather briefing, facilities briefing, NOTAMs, route consideration, aircraft considerations, physiological considerations, and pilot proficiency. It also includes two scenario examples - a California VFR flight and a fall IFR flight - to demonstrate go/no-go decision making.
Are you flying a drone or thinking of buying one? This webinar covers all things related to drones or unmanned aerial systems (UAS) as well as best practices and legal considerations. Once reserved for use by the military and dedicated hobbyists, drones now extend to a variety of personal applications and recreation as well as commercial use, ranging from surveying and video production to search and rescue and even law enforcement. While the guidance for drone use is evolving, it’s important to understand the current rules and adopt standard operating procedures to ensure your safe missions and that you’re meeting community expectations.
Join weather guru Scott Dennstaedt and Sporty’s John Zimmerman as they explore the ForeFlight app, the Stratus ADS-B receiver and how to use both for safer weather flying. From the basics of weather theory to real world tips about flying with ForeFlight, this webinar is packed with information you can use on your next flight.
Scott Dennstaedt, well-known for his aviation weather expertise for many years, now leads the ForeFlight team in the role of Weather Scientist. His background and experience as a CFI and research meteorologist provide a unique set of qualifications to lead you through a variety of real-world scenarios to make you a safer, better-informed pilot.
You can view the video of the complete webinar presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIlpN9Dk1sE
Review the powerpoint slides from the Advanced iPad Flying forum seminar presented at Sun 'n Fun in April 2015. This covers the following topics related to flying with the iPad::
- iPad Power User techniques
- GPS and Datalink Weather for iPad
- What's NEW for iPad
- ForeFlight Mobile: What's New & tips
Originally presented on Thursday April 23, 2015, at Sun 'n Fun in Lakeland, Florida.
Visit http://www.sportys.com/ipad for all your iPad flying app, GPS, ADS-B receiver and accessory needs in the airplane.
This document provides an overview of getting started with using an iPad for aviation purposes. It discusses recommended iPad models, apps for charts, weather, flight planning, and checklists. It also covers accessories like GPS receivers, ADS-B weather receivers, glare filters, kneeboards, and backup battery solutions. Tips are provided on downloading charts, keeping the iPad and apps updated, conducting an iPad preflight, and configuring settings for maximum battery life. The goal is to help pilots learn the basics of using an iPad as an electronic flight bag.
Are you a new iPad user or thinking about getting one? This free webinar will explore all things iPad as it relates to flight training and show you best practices for using it as an electronic flight bag (EFB) in the airplane.
Learn the dos and don'ts of the iPad as it relates to learning to fly and how it can coexist with the traditional methods of flight planning, weather briefings and cross-country navigation during each phase of training.
Topics include:
- Which iPad model is best for aviation
- How to use the iPad for more efficient studying on the ground
- When to start using the iPad during flight training
- Apps for lesson preparation, flight planning, weather analysis and digital charts
- Making the most of the iPad during instrument training
- Using the iPad as an in-flight resource for digital charts and GPS navigation
- Effective use of the iPad during an emergency
- FAA Checkride considerations
- Making the leap to a paperless cockpit
Finding the right headset can be a challenge for any pilot. Do you need Active Noise Reduction (ANR)? Is Bluetooth audio a helpful feature or a gimmick? What's a LEMO plug?
This seminar answers all these questions and more, with honest opinions from active general aviation pilots. Includes a discussion of key terms, how to choose a headset, what's on the market right now and what pilots are saying about Bose, Lightspeed, AKG and David Clark headsets.
Watch the video recording here: http://youtu.be/1jzsiSwNWek
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
4. • What is ADS-B?
• Key terms
• How does it work?
• Panel-mount avionics
• Portable receivers
• Tips and advice
presentation overview
ADS-B: A Pilot’s Guide
7. Big Picture
Key ADS-B Takeaways
You are required to have an ADS-B
out transponder to fly in airspace
that currently requires Mode C
transponder by 2020
The ADS-B network broadcasts
free datalink weather and traffic
This ADS-B In equipment is
optional.
1
2
3
8. Big Picture
Key ADS-B Takeaways
The ground
station network
is complete
(650 stations)
4
9. Quick History
Where did ADS-B come from?
• Capstone Program launched in
Alaska in the late 1990s
• Can we use new technology to
improve safety?
- Accurate position with GPS/WAAS
- Transmit to ground and airplanes
- Ground station network
- New aircraft transponders
- Datalink weather
Answer: yes
10. Where are we now?
Quick History
• Current system built on success of
Capstone program
• Final ADS-B Out rules finalized in
2011 – nothing is changing now
• Ground station network is complete
• Lots of options for hardware
Pretty mature system now.
11. What does it all mean?
Key Terms
• NextGen
• ADS-B
- ADS-B Out and ADS-B In
• ADS-B transponder options
-1090ES and 978 (UAT)
• ADS-B datalink terms
- FIS-B and TIS-B
12. NextGen: Next Generation Air Transportation System
Key Terms
• Transforms America’s air traffic control system from an aging,
ground-based system to a satellite-based system
• The goals of NextGen are to:
- Shorten routes
- Save time and fuel
- Reduce traffic delays
- Increase capacity
- Increase safety
- World peace, free beer…
13. NextGen: Next Generation Air Transportation System
Key Terms
NextGen
ADS-B
NextGen has 5 major elements – only one of them is ADS-B
14. ADS-B
Key Terms
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast
- Automatic: it works in the background
- Dependent: depends on other aircraft being equipped
- Surveillance: it’s a technology to track aircraft
- Broadcast: each aircraft broadcasts its position and velocity
15. ADS-B In and Out
Key Terms
NextGen
ADS-B
ADS-B Out ADS-B In
16. ADS-B In and Out
Key Terms
• ADS-B Out: a surveillance technology for tracking aircraft
- Aircraft report position, velocity and altitude once per second
- Aircraft will be required to equip with ADS-B Out by the start of
2020 if operating in class A, B, C airspace and above 10,000 ft.
17. ADS-B In and Out
Key Terms
• ADS-B In: an aircraft’s ability to receive transmissions from ground
stations and other aircraft
- Allows pilots to receive weather and traffic
- ADS-B In equipage is optional
18. 978 vs. 1090
Key Terms
NextGen
ADS-B
ADS-B Out ADS-B In
978 1090 978 1090
19. 978 vs. 1090
Key Terms
• ADS-B in the US supports two different datalinks:
- 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (ES)
- 978 MHz Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)
20. Key Terms
1090ES – ADS-B Out
- ES is based on 1090 MHz just like Mode A/Cs transponders
- Mode S transponders can be upgraded to ES transponders by
adding a WAAS GPS and upgrading software (e.g. Garmin
GTX330)
- ES is the only ADS-B transmitter accepted outside the US and
above 18,000 ft.
Must be certified and installed
21. 978 UAT
Key Terms
• 978 UAT – ADS-B Out
- Only allowed in the US, and only below 18,000 ft.
- If you use 978 UAT you still need to have a Mode C transponder
Must be certified and installed
22. 1090ES
Key Terms
• 1090ES – ADS-B In
- Can detect other aircraft equipped with 1090ES transmitters
- Receives other traffic from ground stations
- Does NOT receive weather
Can be portable or installed
23. 978 UAT
Key Terms
• 978 UAT – ADS-B In
- Can detect other aircraft with 978 MHz transmitters (air-to-air)
- Receives information about other traffic from ground stations
- 978 receivers are capable of receiving ADS-B weather
Can be installed
or portable
25. NextGen, ADS-B, In/Out, 978/1090
Key Terms
• 1090ES (Out)
- Above 18,000 ft.
US and Int’l
- Transponder
replacement
• 1090ES (In)
- Traffic only
- No weather
• 978 (Out)
- Below 18,000
ft. in US only
- Remote mount
• 978 (In)
- Traffic
- Weather
26. FIS-B
Key Terms
• Flight Information Services – Broadcast
• Text weather (METARs, TAFs, PIREPs)
• Graphical weather (radar)
• Airspace status (TFRs, NOTAMs)
• Constantly broadcast
27. TIS-B
Key Terms
• Traffic Information Services – Broadcast
- A custom traffic report sent only to
aircraft equipped with ADS-B Out
- Not the same as Mode S or TIS traffic
29. 5 things to know before you upgrade
ADS-B Facts
1. ADS-B Out will be required in
most airspace where a Mode C
transponder is today.
2. A WAAS GPS must be included
in your install.
3. ADS-B Out transponder must be
permanently mounted.
4. ADS-B In equipage is optional.
5. You still need your Mode C transponder if you
use 978 ADS-B Out.
30. Where do you need it?
ADS-B Facts
1. Class A airspace (above 18,000 ft) –
must be 1090
2. Class C and B airspace (and above
them)
3. Inside the Class B Mode C veil
(within 30 miles up to 10,000 ft.)
4. Above 10,000 ft. in the lower 48
31. What about experimental aircraft?
ADS-B Facts
1. FAA: “Non-TSO ADS-B Out avionics
may be installed on amateur-built
and light sport aircraft with
experimental airworthiness certificates.”
2. S-LSA upgrades must be approved
by the manufacturer. Harder to do.
3. Glass cockpits are in the same
situation – part of the TC so it’s not automatic.
Pay attention
32. What about portables for ADS-B Out?
ADS-B Facts
• Technically feasible, but don’t count on it.
• Would be like an IFR approach-approved
portable GPS – doesn’t exist.
• FAA: “Portable ADS-B Out systems, also known as ‘suitcase’
units, should not be operated (transmitting) aboard any
aircraft. While marketing associated with these units may
imply approval for use by way of an FCC license, the FAA
prohibits their use.”
http://1.usa.gov/1E0vadh
33. Questions to consider
ADS-B Facts
• Lots of options: In, Out, In and Out;
1090 ES vs. 978 UAT
• 1090 vs. 978
• Do you ever fly above 18,000 ft.
or outside US? Need 1090.
• Age of current transponder: 978
relies on your old transponder
• 978 usually more expensive to
install than 1090 (additional
structure, control head, etc)
34. UAT or Extended Squitter (ES)?
ADS-B Out Trends
1090 ES
978 UAT
FAA Equipage Statistics as of 3/1/2016
Category
Equipped Aircraft
1090 ES
14,504 72%
978 UAT
5,055 25%
Both
694 3%
US General Aviation
17,508
US Air Carrier
499
US Military and Special Use
72
International General Aviation
1,915
International Air Carrier
261
35. Why are 1090 ES Installs Trending Almost 3X 978 UAT?
ADS-B Out Trends
• UAT leaves old tube-based transponder in the aircraft
• 1090 ES gives your instrument panel a visible upgrade
• Time required to install a panel avionic in a piston single can be
up to ½ the time to install a remote box
36. Questions to consider
ADS-B Facts
• Out vs. In and Out
• Do you already have ADS-B In
(portable)? Might only need to
buy Out for the panel.
• Do you have XM weather in the
panel already?
• What’s your budget (Out and In
is more expensive)
38. New installation policy
ADS-B Facts
• Now easier to install ADS-B Out
avionics on airplanes that are not
listed on manufacturer’s STC
• “After initial approval, ADS-B OUT
systems that have previously
received FAA approval and meet
all of the following conditions may
be installed and returned to
service on other aircraft without
further data approval.”
39. Questions to consider
ADS-B Facts
• Lots of installation errors
• Look in ForeFlight with ownship
• Send email to FAA:
9-AWA-AFS-300-ADSB-AvionicsCheck@faa.gov
N536SPICAO: Last Flight Id:A6C855 (51544125) N536SPTail Number:
Period:
ADS-B Aircraft Operation Compliance Report
Operation Analysis Overview
Surface UAT
Airborne UAT
Surface 1090
Airborne 1090
Prepared By
Surveillance and Broadcast Services (SBS) Program
ADS-B Compliance Monitor
January 05, 2016
01-04-2016 19:24:12 to 01-04-2016 20:20:02
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Aviation Administration
ADS-B Compliance Monitor
Analysis
Surface RWY/Taxi 1090
Surface RWY/Taxi UAT
Note: Items high-lighted in red within this report indicate the ADS-B Out system installed on this
aircraft failed to meet the corresponding performance requirement as specified in § 91.227. The
owner/operator must take action to correct the ADS-B system deficiency identified.
For more information on this report, reference the User's Guide.
40. Garmin GTX 335/345
ADS-B Facts
• 1090ES Out transponder
• Panel or remote-mounted
• WAAS GPS option for both models
• GTX 345 model adds ADS-B In and has an
integrated FlightStream to send weather
to an iPad
• Price range with built in WAAS GPS
$3,795 to $5,795
• Without GPS prices start at $2,995
42. L-3 Lynx
ADS-B Facts
• Big family of ADS-B Out avionics:
• 1090 Out and In with GPS
• 1090 models include screen
• Slightly taller than standard
transponder
• Price range from $5,490 to $8,615
43. Appareo Stratus ESG
ADS-B Facts
• All-in-one box: 1090ES ADS-B Out
and WAAS GPS built-in
• Integrates with Stratus 2/2S for
enhanced ADS-B In
• $2,995 includes GPS antenna
• Certified and shipping now
44. Garmin GDL 88
ADS-B Facts
• 978 (UAT) with lots of options:
• Out/In/Both
• With or without GPS
• With or without dual antennas
• Works with GTN and GNS series
• Integration with new Connext system
• Remote mounted
• Ranges from $3,995 to $5,700
45. FreeFlight RANGR Lite
ADS-B Facts
• Lots of options. Most popular are:
• FDL-978-TXL – Out only, with GPS
• FDL-978-XVRL – In/Out, with GPS
• Remote mounted 978 UATs
• Requires separate control head
• $1,995 and $3,695
46. L-3 Lynx
ADS-B Facts
• Big family of ADS-B Out avionics:
• 978 Out with GPS
• 978 Out and In with GPS
• Some require separate control head
• Range from around $2,189 to $3,389
47. The FAA is offering a $500 incentive
ADS-B Out Rebate
• Install a certified (TSO’d) ADS-B out
transponder in a single-engine piston
airplane and receive a $500 rebate from the
FAA
• FINE PRINT:
- Installation must occur starting in the fall
- Rebates issued first-come/first-served
- Not applicable to existing installations
- Reserve the rebate in the fall, install the
transponder, fly with the system within 60
days of install, request Public Compliance
Report from FAA, claim rebate.
49. ADS-B Traffic
ADS-B In – how does it work?
• Weather is broadcast continuously – AM radio
• Traffic is different. Ground stations only broadcast in response
to ADS-B Out aircraft – text messaging
- FAA sends a customized traffic product
to each Out aircraft
- 30nm in diameter around the Out aircraft
and within +/-3500 ft.
- If you’re close to an ADS-B Out aircraft (in the “hockey puck”)
you could see traffic. But it’s for the other aircraft.
- Since many airplanes do not have ADS-B Out yet, this is rare.
50. ADS-B Traffic
ADS-B In – how does it work?
• Except – you will always receive
air-to-air traffic
- Doesn’t depend on ground stations
- Single band receives only 978 air-to-air;
dual band receives both
54. ADS-B Traffic
ADS-B In – how does it work?
Key takeaway:
Unless you are squawking ADS-B Out and creating your own
customized hockey puck of information, you are not getting an
accurate picture of surrounding traffic.
56. ADS-B weather products
ADS-B In – how does it work?
Factoid:
Four types of ADS-B ground
stations, arranged in this pattern.
Station Type
Weather Products and Range
Surface
(Only at select airports)
500 NM winds and temperature aloft,
100 NM METAR, TAF, SIGMET, NOTAM,
150 NM Regional NEXRAD
Low altitude
(67% of airborne stations)
500 NM winds and temperature aloft
250 NM METARs, TAFs, AIRMET, SIGMET,
PIREP, SUA
150 NM regional NEXRAD
100 NM NOTAM (no CONUS NEXRAD)
Medium altitude
(22% of airborne stations)
Entire CONUS NEXRAD,
750 NM winds and temperatures aloft,
375 NM METARs, TAFs, AIRMET, SIGMET,
PIREP, SUA,
200 NM regional NEXRAD
100 NM NOTAM
High altitude
(11% of airborne stations)
Entire CONUS NEXRAD,
1000 NM winds and temperature aloft,
all 158 CONUS Class B/C airport METAR/TAF
500 NM AIRMET, SIGMET, PIREP, SUA
250 NM regional NEXRAD
100 NM NOTAM
57. ADS-B weather timing
ADS-B In – how does it work?
Product
Range *
Transmission Interval
CONUS NEXRAD composite
reflectivity (low resolution)
Contiguous US
15 minutes
Regional NEXRAD composite
reflectivity (medium resolution)
150 to 250 nm
2.5 minutes (5 minute update)
AIRMETs / SIGMETs
100 to 500 nm
5 minutes
METARs
100 to 500 nm, all class B and C
airports
5 minutes
NOTAM(D), FDC NOTAM,
TFRs
100 nm
5 minutes
PIREPS
250 to 500 nm
10 minutes
Special use airspace
500 nm
10 minutes
TAFs
100 to 500 nm, all class B and C
airports
10 minutes
Winds and Temps aloft
500 to 1000 nm
10 minutes
Sportys.com/Stratus
58. ADS-B vs. XM Weather
ADS-B In – how does it work?
Data
ADS-B
XM
METARS
Small airports within 250 – 500 nm and all
class B and C airports
Nationwide
TAFS
Within 250-500 nm
Nationwide
Winds / Temps Aloft
Within 500-1,000 nm
Nationwide
PIREPS
Within 250-500 nm
Nationwide
Radar
Low-resolution CONUS (lower 48)
Medium-resolution regional within 250 nm
High-resolution nationwide
AIRMETS / SIGMETS
Within 250-500 nm
Nationwide
Coverage
US, Puerto Rico, and Guam
US and Canada
Cloud satellite image
None
Yes
NOTAMs
Within 100 nm
None
TFRs
Within 100 nm
Nationwide
Special use airspace
status
Within 250-500 nm
None
Cost
Free (your tax dollars at work)
$35-$55 monthly subscription
fee
59. ADS-B vs. XM Weather
ADS-B In – how does it work?
XM ADS-B National ADS-B Regional
64. Portables
ADS-B In Action
• Many of the benefits of installed ADS-B, for less money
• iPad has been the game changer
• Great for renters, clubs
• Portable devices are ADS-B In only
• Lots of options to choose from
66. SkyRadar D and DX
• ADS-B weather and GPS
• Dual band traffic
• Optional AHRS
• WiFi connection
• Works with WingX, Avilution, iFly
• Requires external power
• $699 or $849 (with AHRS)
67. iLevil SW and AW
• ADS-B weather and GPS
• Single-band traffic
• Built-in AHRS
• Works with WingX, FlyQ, Xavion
• Internal battery and solar panel (SW)
• $1195 for SW
• $1395 for AW (adds pitot/static)
68. Dual XGPS190
• ADS-B weather and GPS
• Dual-band traffic
• AHRS for backup attitude
• Built-in battery
• Works with WingX Pro7, FlyQ, FltPlan
• $849.99
69. Garmin GDL 39 and GDL 39 3D
• ADS-B weather and GPS
• Dual band traffic
• Optional AHRS model
• Optional battery
• Works with Garmin Pilot app
• Also works with Garmin GPSs
• $549 to $899 (AHRS with battery)
70. Appareo Stratus 1S and 2S
• ADS-B weather and GPS
• Single or dual band traffic models
• Optional AHRS model
• Built-in 8-hour battery
• No wires or antennas (WiFi)
• Works with ForeFlight app
• $549 or $899 (dual band + AHRS)
71. Stratux
• Do it yourself kit
• ADS-B weather and GPS
• Single or dual band
• No AHRS
• No battery
• WiFi connection
• Works with most apps
• Roughly $150 cost
72. Choosing a Receiver
• ForeFlight Mobile à Stratus 1S or Stratus 2S
• Garmin Pilot à Garmin GDL 39 or GDL 39 3D
• WingX Pro 7 à SkyRadar, Dual XGPS190, iLevil
• FltPlan Goà Dual XGPS190, iLevil
First choose an app
73. Choosing a Receiver
• ADS-B reception is comparable among all (good enough).
• Consider battery life – if you don’t want to plug in, it’s nice to
have; if you’re going to hardwire it’s not important.
• Decide if traffic is an important factor – if it’s low priority or
you’re ADS-B Out, single band is fine.
Buying tips
74. Choosing a Receiver
• Do you fly IFR? If yes, the AHRS is a nice backup; if not you
can save some money.
• Consider the hardware/app integration – how do features
work, how do you complete firmware upgrades?
• All receivers include a GPS, so you don’t need a separate one.
Buying tips
90. Tips and Tricks
• Take some time to find the right spot –
in your airplane
• Line of sight for ADS-B (ground based)
• View of the sky for GPS (satellite based)
• Keep it steady for AHRS (if applicable)
• Direct sunlight?
Location, location, location!
91. Tips and Tricks
• Use external antennas if needed
• Heated windshields can have an effect –
experiment (DV window, suction cup)
• Don’t worry about low vs. high towers –
practically speaking, you’ll get lots
Reception issues
92. Tips and Tricks
• Make it a habit to check ADS-B status
• Battery life
• Age of weather products
• GPS reception
• LED dimming
Checking status