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ADS-B & The 2020 FAA Final Rule
This document discusses ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast), a technology that will replace radar as the primary means for air traffic controllers to track aircraft. It operates using two modes: ADS-B Out broadcasts data from aircraft, while ADS-B In receives data in the aircraft. By 2020, all aircraft will be required to have ADS-B Out equipment installed. ADS-B uses GPS and broadcasts aircraft's location, speed, and other data to any aircraft or ground station equipped to receive it. This allows pilots and controllers to see the same information simultaneously.
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ADS-B & The 2020 FAA Final Rule
- 1. Thursday August 15,2013 ADS-B Technology
- 2. FAA Wings Program •www.FAASafety.gov • Takes the place of the flight review • Online courses or attend seminars • No minimum time for flights • Most of you might already meet the requirements for a phase completion • Earn your cool set of Wings to display however you wish Thursday August 15, 2013
- 3. Some Basics • Operatesusing two modes or functions – Out from the aircraft (ADS-B Out) – Into the aircraft (ADS-B In) • Designed to accomplish 3 goals – Replace radar as the primary means to track aircraft (ADS-B) – To provide a host of advisory-only text & graphic information in the flight deck (FIS-B) – To provide advisory-only traffic data in the flight deck (TIS-B) Thursday August 15, 2013
- 4. ADS-B & GPS •All pilots see the same “picture” as seen by the controller, and at the same time • Simultaneous sharing of location, speed, altitude, situation awareness Thursday August 15, 2013
- 5. Industry Standards 1090 MhzMode-S • 1090 Mhz Extended Squitter datalink (ES) • Mode-S based • Frequency is becoming congested • ICAO preferred 978 Mhz UAT • Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) • 978 Mhz datalink • Less congested • FAA preferred Thursday August 15, 2013
- 6. What’s a Squitter? Aperiodic burst or broadcast of aircraft-tracking data that is transmitted periodically by a Mode S transponder (or equivalent) without interrogation from controller’s radar Thursday August 15, 2013
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- 8. ADS-B and the2020 FAA Final Rule • By January 1, 2020 all aircraft operating in transponder airspace will be required to carry equipment that produces an ADS-B Out broadcast • There is currently no mandate for ADS-B In – ADS-B In receives ADS-B datalink information and displays it to the cockpit • 2020 rule established the engineering criteria for ADS-B Out Thursday August 15, 2013
- 9. How do weefficiently transition to the 2020 ADS-B Rule? • Avionics manufacturers can now design ADS-B out equipment that is “ADS-B 2020 Compliant” • No ADS-B 2020 Compliant Out equipment has been designed and certified by the FAA • Equipment costs will be initially high • High equipment costs will discourage aircraft owners from purchasing and installing this equipment • Manufacturers cannot reduce costs until many units are sold • Aircraft owners are waiting for the costs to go down • Many aircraft owners are unaware of the ADS-B 2020 Rule Thursday August 15, 2013
- 10. What is ADS-B?(ADS-B 101) • ADS-B is the emerging technology that is redefining the paradigm of COMMUNICATIONS – NAVIGATION – SURVELLANCE in Air Traffic Management, and NEXGEN http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/implementation/portfolio/trans_support_progs/ Thursday August 15, 2013
- 11. ADS-B Automatic AlwaysON Dependent Relies on very accurate GPS Data Surveillance Provides aircraft position, altitude, speed, heading, identification, and other data Broadcast Does not require interrogation – data is broadcast to any aircraft or ground station equipped to receive the datalink signal Thursday August 15, 2013
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- 13. ADS-B Services • TrafficInformation Service – Broadcast (TIS-B) – Sends a composite of radar and ADS-B data back through the ground stations to the cockpit – The pilot sees what the controller sees – Cockpit display will show all aircraft in radar contact with controllers, ADS-B equipped or not, within 15 miles, plus or minus 3,500 feet – No subscription costs Thursday August 15, 2013
- 14. Flight Information Service- Broadcast • Ground-Based transceivers (GBT) – Operate both 1090ES & 978 protocols – Many are linked to ATC via dedicated landline • Continuous broadcast • May not always be in range of suitable GBT – Particularly on the ground or remote location Thursday August 15, 2013
- 15. FIS-B • Share graphicalweather including thunderstorms depicted by NEXRAD ground-based radar and a wide range of graphical and text messages • Significant and hazardous weather • Winds and temperatures aloft • Pilot reports • Status of Special Use Airspace • Temporary flight Restrictions • No subscription costs • http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/implementation/portfolio/trans_support_progs/adsb/broadcastservices/ Thursday August 15, 2013
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- 28. ADS-B 1090ES ICAO Standard Required (US)– FL180 up (optional below FL180) Expansion of Mode S protocol 978 (UAT) – US only Below FL180 only (ATC Position) Greater Bandwidth than 1090ES – will provide for full “In” capability 1090ES/978 (UAT) 1090ES – “In” Function – ADS-D/ADS-R/TIS-B 978 – “In” function – ADS-D/ADS-R/TIS-B/FIS-B “Out” ( From Aircraft) Final Rule – Apr 2010 Required – Jan 2, 2020 Where required – Same as transponder (FAR 91.225) “In” (To Aircraft) Final rule – Pending Not currently required (optional) Provides traffic advisories (both)/weather & airspace (978 Only) Thursday August 15, 2013
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