ADS-B & The 2020 FAA Final Rule

Thursday August 15, 2013
ADS-B
Technology

FAA Wings Program
• www.FAASafety.gov
• Takes the place of the flight review
• Online courses or attend seminars
• No minimum time for flights
• Most of you might already meet the
requirements for a phase completion
• Earn your cool set of Wings to display
however you wish

Some Basics
• Operates using two modes or functions
– Out from the aircraft (ADS-B Out)
– Into the aircraft (ADS-B In)
• Designed to accomplish 3 goals
– Replace radar as the primary means to track aircraft
(ADS-B)
– To provide a host of advisory-only text & graphic
information in the flight deck (FIS-B)
– To provide advisory-only traffic data in the flight deck
(TIS-B)

ADS-B & GPS
• All pilots see the
same “picture” as
seen by the
controller, and at
the same time
• Simultaneous
sharing of location,
speed, altitude,
situation awareness

Industry Standards
1090 Mhz Mode-S
• 1090 Mhz Extended
Squitter datalink (ES)
• Mode-S based
• Frequency is becoming
congested
• ICAO preferred
978 Mhz UAT
• Universal Access
Transceiver (UAT)
• 978 Mhz datalink
• Less congested
• FAA preferred

What’s a Squitter?
A periodic burst or broadcast of aircraft-tracking
data that is transmitted periodically by a Mode S
transponder (or equivalent) without
interrogation from controller’s radar

ADS-B and the 2020 FAA Final Rule
• By January 1, 2020 all aircraft operating in
transponder airspace will be required to carry
equipment that produces an ADS-B Out
broadcast
• There is currently no mandate for ADS-B In
– ADS-B In receives ADS-B datalink information and
displays it to the cockpit
• 2020 rule established the engineering criteria
for ADS-B Out

How do we efficiently transition to the
2020 ADS-B Rule?
• Avionics manufacturers can now design ADS-B out
equipment that is “ADS-B 2020 Compliant”
• No ADS-B 2020 Compliant Out equipment has been
designed and certified by the FAA
• Equipment costs will be initially high
• High equipment costs will discourage aircraft owners
from purchasing and installing this equipment
• Manufacturers cannot reduce costs until many units are
sold
• Aircraft owners are waiting for the costs to go down
• Many aircraft owners are unaware of the ADS-B 2020
Rule

What is ADS-B? (ADS-B 101)
• ADS-B is the
emerging technology
that is redefining the
paradigm of
COMMUNICATIONS –
NAVIGATION –
SURVELLANCE in Air
Traffic
Management, and
NEXGEN
http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/implementation/portfolio/trans_support_progs/

ADS-B
Automatic  Always ON
Dependent  Relies on very accurate GPS Data
Surveillance  Provides aircraft position, altitude,
speed, heading, identification,
and other data
Broadcast  Does not require interrogation –
data is broadcast to any aircraft or
ground station equipped to receive
the datalink signal

ADS-B Services
• Traffic Information Service – Broadcast (TIS-B)
– Sends a composite of radar and ADS-B data back
through the ground stations to the cockpit
– The pilot sees what the controller sees
– Cockpit display will show all aircraft in radar
contact with controllers, ADS-B equipped or not,
within 15 miles, plus or minus 3,500 feet
– No subscription costs

Flight Information Service - Broadcast
• Ground-Based transceivers (GBT)
– Operate both 1090ES & 978 protocols
– Many are linked to ATC via dedicated landline
• Continuous broadcast
• May not always be in range of suitable GBT
– Particularly on the ground or remote location

FIS-B
• Share graphical weather including
thunderstorms depicted by NEXRAD
ground-based radar and a wide range of
graphical and text messages
• Significant and hazardous weather
• Winds and temperatures aloft
• Pilot reports
• Status of Special Use Airspace
• Temporary flight Restrictions
• No subscription costs
• http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/implementation/portfolio/trans_support_progs/adsb/broadcastservices/

ADS-B
1090ES
ICAO Standard
Required (US) – FL180 up
(optional below FL180)
Expansion of Mode S protocol
978 (UAT) – US only
Below FL180 only
(ATC Position)
Greater Bandwidth than 1090ES – will
provide for full “In” capability
1090ES/978 (UAT)
1090ES – “In” Function –
ADS-D/ADS-R/TIS-B
978 – “In” function –
ADS-D/ADS-R/TIS-B/FIS-B
“Out” ( From Aircraft)
Final Rule – Apr 2010
Required – Jan 2, 2020
Where required – Same as transponder
(FAR 91.225)
“In” (To Aircraft)
Final rule – Pending
Not currently required (optional)
Provides traffic advisories (both)/weather
& airspace
(978 Only)

Questions?

ADS-B & The 2020 FAA Final Rule

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