AAI manages 125 airports in India and provides air navigation services over 2.8 million square nautical miles of airspace. It is responsible for communication, navigation, and surveillance facilities at airports. The key CNS facilities include VHF systems for air-to-ground communication, satellite networks, voice switching systems, navigation aids like VOR and ILS to determine aircraft position, and surveillance systems like radar. AAI aims to ensure safe and efficient air navigation through these CNS facilities.
The Airports Authority of India is a statutory body working under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India is responsible for creating, up grading, maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India. It provides Communication Navigation Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) services over Indian Airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.
Airports Authority Of India:The Airports Authority of India (AAI) under the Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India. It provides Air Traffic Management (ATM) services over Indian airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.
It manages a total of 125 airports, including 11 International Airports, 8 Custom Airports, 81 Domestic Airports and 25 Civil enclave at Military Airfields.
introduction:The Airports Authority of India provides air traffic services as per AAI Act 1995. These services are - air traffic control service, flight information service, and alerting service. In order to achieve the objectives of air traffic services there is a need to specify procedures necessary for the safety of air navigation for uniform application throughout India.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) power point Presentation for aircraftPrabhat K.C.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) is a measuring device using ground and air components to determine the slant range of an aircraft from a point.
It is a radio navigation technology that measures the slant range (distance) between an aircraft and a ground station by timing the propagation delay of radio signals in the frequency band between 960 and 1215 megahertz (MHz).
The Airports Authority of India is a statutory body working under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India is responsible for creating, up grading, maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India. It provides Communication Navigation Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) services over Indian Airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.
Airports Authority Of India:The Airports Authority of India (AAI) under the Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India. It provides Air Traffic Management (ATM) services over Indian airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.
It manages a total of 125 airports, including 11 International Airports, 8 Custom Airports, 81 Domestic Airports and 25 Civil enclave at Military Airfields.
introduction:The Airports Authority of India provides air traffic services as per AAI Act 1995. These services are - air traffic control service, flight information service, and alerting service. In order to achieve the objectives of air traffic services there is a need to specify procedures necessary for the safety of air navigation for uniform application throughout India.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) power point Presentation for aircraftPrabhat K.C.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) is a measuring device using ground and air components to determine the slant range of an aircraft from a point.
It is a radio navigation technology that measures the slant range (distance) between an aircraft and a ground station by timing the propagation delay of radio signals in the frequency band between 960 and 1215 megahertz (MHz).
Can the civil aviation industry learn from terrorist attacks carried out on the ground? This presentation compares the 2012 Bangkok explosions with the 1988 Pan Am flight 103 attack to expose possible vulnerabilities in today's aircraft and airport security measures.
Have a look through our research and let us know what you think.
For more information about us, please visit: http://www.iata.org/training-security
This is from a webinar presented by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Worldwide called “General Aviation Security.” The presenter is Dr. Daniel Benny.
After the shoe bomber scares, airport passengers have to take off their shoes.
Imagine what airport security will be like after the Nigerian underwear bomb scare.
This is a presentation delivered by Mark Everitt, General Manager at the Aviation Security Service of NZ. The slides have been prepared for the 6th annual AVSEC conference 2011 in Canberra/Australia.
Airports Authority of India (AAI) under Ministry of Civil Aviation was constituted by an Act of Parliament and come into being on 1st April 1995 By managing erstwhile NAA (National Airports Authority) and IAAI ( International Airports Authority of India).
I am glad to be a part of the training at AAI Regional training center bhopal where got expose by tones of knowledge regarding the AAI and it's various departments specially CNS (communication, navigation & surveillance)...
Aviation communication system - TelecomAcadmey.comHamza Arif
Aviation or Air transport system both refers to the activities surrounding air craft and mechanical flights industry. Aircraft includes fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as lighter-than-air craft such as balloons and airships.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Objectives
Aim
Civil Aviation Setup in India
Introduction to Airports Authority of India (AAI)
Meaning of CNS
Communication Facilities
Navigation Facilities
Surveillance Facilities
Conclusion
3. Aim
• To get acquainted with Communication, Navigation and
Surveillance aids in airports authority of India.
7. Introduction to AAI
Airports Authority of India (AAI) was constituted by an Act
of Parliament and came into being on 1st April 1995 by
merging erstwhile National Airports Authority and
International Airports Authority of India. The merger
brought into existence a single Organization entrusted with
the responsibility of creating, upgrading, maintaining and
managing civil aviation infrastructure both on the ground
and air space in the country.
8. AAI manages 125 airports, which include 18 International
Airports, 7 Custom Airports, 78 Domestic Airports and 26
Civil Enclaves at Defence airfields.
AAI provides air navigation services over 2.8 million square
nautical miles of air space. (1Nmile=1.852Km).
During the year 2013-14, AAI handled aircraft movement of
1536.60 Thousand [International 335.95 & Domestic
1200.65], Passengers handled 168.91 Million [International
46.62 & Domestic 122.29] and the cargo handled 2279.14
thousand [International 1443.04 & Domestic 836.10].
9. Functions of AAI
The functions of AAI are as follows:
Design, Development, Operation and Maintenance of international and
domestic airports and civil enclaves.
Control and Management of the Indian airspace extending beyond the
territorial limits of the country, as accepted by ICAO*.
Construction, Modification and Management of passenger terminals.
Development and Management of cargo terminals at international and
domestic airports.
Provision of passenger facilities and information system at the passenger
terminals at airports.
Expansion and strengthening of operation area, viz. Runways, Aprons,
Taxiway etc.
Provision of visual aids.
Provision of Communication and Navigation aids, viz. ILS, DVOR, DME,
Radar etc.
*ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization
12. Communication
Communication is the exchange of voice and data
information between the pilot and air traffic controllers or
flight information centres.
Communication
Air to Ground Ground to Ground
15. Communication Facilities
VHF Air-to-Ground Voice Communication Facilities
Digital Voice Tape Recorder
Dedicated Satellite Communication Network
Voice Communication System
Automatic Message Switching System
16. VHF Air-to-Ground Voice Communication
Facilities
The electromagnetic waves having frequency range 30 MHz
to 300 MHz are defined as Very High Frequency (VHF)
radio waves. VHF communication is usually suitable for
mobile applications, as these frequencies are not affected by
atmospheric noise.
VHF Range in ATS: (117.975-136.975) MHz
Users: Air Traffic Controllers (ATCO), Airlines/Defence
Pilots
17. Functions of VHF Unit in AAI
Maintaining all VHF channel
Providing radio communication between ATCO and Aircraft
Additional standalone system is provided through J-Controller and
Transceivers at different ATC positions
Serviceability of mains and standby equipment is around 99.9%
All preventive and corrective maintenance schedules are performed
The air-to-ground communications are also recorded. Analysis of
recorded communication is done by DGCA, AAI, ATC personnel for
the purpose of investigation in case of accident/incidence.
18. Facilities/Components Available With VHF Unit
VHF Transmitter, Receiver and J-Controller/Transceiver
RCAG (Remote Controlled Air to Ground)
DATIS (Digital Airport Terminal Information Services)
Dipole Antenna Integrated Communication System for Air
Traffic Control
19. VHF Transmitter
A transmitter uses an oscillator to produce the desired radio
frequency current.
Crystal-controlled oscillators are normally employed to
provide better frequency stability. Thinner the crystal,
higher will be the operating frequency.
21. VHF Receiver
The VHF receiver has the function of selecting the desired
signal at VHF frequencies from all the other unwanted
signals, amplifying and demodulating it, and reproducing it
in the actual shape/desired manner.
25. Voice Communication System (VCS)
Voice Communication System is a switching system that
connects various air traffic controllers’ positions to various
air-to-ground and ground-to-ground communication
systems.
Voice switching and routing between (A-to-G and G-to-G)
communication systems and air traffic controllers’
working positions is done by using advanced
microprocessor and DSPs.
27. Automatic Messaging and Switching System
(AMSS)
The AMSS works on the principle of “Store and Forward”.
The AFTN (Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network) is a
world wide system of aeronautical fixed circuits provided for the
exchange of messages and/or digital data between aeronautical fixed
stations.
28. Advantages of AMSS
Data channels are shared among communication devices,
improving the use of bandwidth.
Messages can be stored temporarily at message switches,
when network congestion becomes a problem.
Priorities may be used to manage network traffic.
Broadcast addressing uses bandwidth more efficiently
because messages are delivered to multiple destinations.
29. Some Common Terms Frequently Used in AMSS
I.P. (Internet Protocol) 32 bits
NOTAM (NOtice To Air-Men) Information system
that includes complete information of aircraft.
Data Base: (SQL 2005 version in use)
i. JK A NOTAM
ii. JK B Replication of JK A
iii. JK C Flight related messages
iv. JK D Replication of JK C.
ADC (Air Defence Clearance) Number:
Enables the aircraft to move.
FIC (Flight Information Centre) Number.
30. Navigation
Navigation element of CNS/ATM system is meant to
provide accurate, reliable and seamless position
determination capability to aircrafts.
Navigation is the art of determining the position of an
aircraft over the earth’s surface and guiding its progress
from one place to another.
To accomplish this art, some sort of ‘aids’ are required by
the pilots.
In the twentieth century, Electronics also entered in the
aviation field. Direction finders and other navigational aids
enabled the navigators to obtain fixes using electronic aids
only. Thus such aids became more popular and came into
extensive use.
33. VHF Omni-directional Range (VOR)
It is a type of radio navigation system for aircraft. VORs
broadcast a VHF radio signal encoding both the identity of
the station and the angle to it, informing the pilot in what
direction he/she is from the VOR station, referred to as the
radial.
It operates in the VHF band of 112-118 MHz, used as a
medium to short range radio navigational aid. It works on
the principle of phase comparison of two 30 Hz signals.
There are two types of VOR:
1) Conventional VOR (C-VOR)
2) Doppler VOR (D-VOR)
34. Purposes of VOR
The main purpose of VOR is to provide the navigational
signals for an aircraft receiver that allows the pilot to
determine the bearing of the aircraft to a VOR facility.
VOR enables the Air Traffic Controllers in the area control
radar (ARSR and ASR) for identifying the aircraft in their
scopes easily. They can monitor whether aircrafts are
following the radials correctly or not.
VOR located outside the airfield on the extended centre line
of the runway would be useful for the aircraft for making a
straight VOR approach.
35. VOR located routes would be useful for air traffic to
maintain their PDRs (Pre Determined Routes) and
are also used as reporting points.
VORs located at radial distance of about 40 miles in
different directions around an International airport
can be used as holding VORs for regulating the
aircraft for their landing in quickest time.
36. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
Distance measuring equipment is a vital navigational aid
that provides a pilot with visual information regarding his
position(distance) relative to the ground based DME.
The facility even though possible to locate independently,
normally it is collected with either VOR or ILS.
The DME can be used with terminal VOR and holding VOR
also.
Frequency Range: 960 MHz to 1215 MHz. This is the most
suitable frequency range for DME, as it has less reflection
and attenuation.
37. Instrument Landing System (ILS)
The Instrument Landing System provides a means for safe
landing of aircraft at airports under conditions of low ceiling
and limited visibility.
The use of the system materially reduces interruptions of
services at airports resulting from bad weather by allowing
operations to continue at lower weather minimum.
It also increases the traffic handling capacity of the airport
under all weather conditions.
The basic philosophy of ILS is that ground installations,
located in the vicinity of the runway, transmit coded signals
in such a manner that pilot is given information indicating
positions of the aircraft s with respect to correct approach
path.
38. The act of watching or monitoring the behaviour,
activities or other changing information, is said to be
Surveillance.
It is mainly divided into two parts:-
1) Dependent Surveillance
2) Independent Surveillance
In Dependent surveillance systems, aircraft position is
determined on board and then transmitted to ATC.
In Independent surveillance systems, aircraft position is
determined from the ground.
Surveillance
41. RADAR
RADAR stands for “RAdio Detection And Ranging”.
It is an object-oriented system that uses radio waves to
determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects.
It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided
missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain.
The radar dish (or antenna) transmits pulses of radio waves
or microwaves that bounce off any object in their path. The
object returns a tiny part of the wave's energy to a dish or
antenna that is usually located at the same site as the
transmitter.
42. Principle of RADAR
A radar system has a transmitter that emits radio waves
called radar signals in predetermined directions. When
these come into contact with an object they are usually
reflected or scattered in many directions. Radar signals are
reflected especially well by materials of considerable
electrical conductivity—especially by most metals, by
seawater and by wet ground. Some of these make the use of
radar altimeters possible. The radar signals that are reflected
back towards the transmitter are the desirable ones that
make radar work. If the object is moving either toward or
away from the transmitter, there is a slight equivalent
change in the frequency of the radio waves, caused by the
Doppler Effect.
43. Doppler Effect
The Doppler Effect (or Doppler Shift) is the change
in frequency of a wave for an observer moving
relative to its source. It is named after the Austrian
physicist Christian Doppler, who proposed it in 1842.
Doppler shift depends upon whether the radar
configuration is active or passive. Active radar
transmits a signal that is reflected back to the
receiver. Passive radar depends upon the object
sending a signal to the receiver.
45. Some Common Terms Related to Radar
ARSR (Air Root Surveillance Radar) L-Band Radar
ASR (Air Surveillance Radar) S-Band Radar
ASMGCS (Airport Surface Movement Ground Control
System)
SMR (Surface Movement Radar)
MSSR (Mono-pulse Secondary Surveillance Radar)
46. L-Band RADAR
L band, as defined by the IEEE, is the 1 to 2 GHz range of the
radio spectrum.
Wavelength Range: 15-30 cm
Frequency Range: 1-2 GHz