TCAS is a collision avoidance system that detects nearby aircraft equipped with transponders and alerts pilots to potential collisions. It uses secondary surveillance radar to monitor airspace and issue traffic advisories or resolution advisories when aircraft get too close. TCAS has reduced mid-air collisions but is limited to detecting only aircraft with operating transponders.
ADS-B: A pilot's guide to understanding the system and avionicsSporty's Pilot Shop
Join Sporty's John Zimmerman for a detailed look at Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast, the technology that's changing how pilots fly. From the basics of the system to portable ADS-B receivers to panel-mount ADS-B transmitters, you'll learn what ADS-B really means and how to fly with it.
Presented at the 2016 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh.
ADS-B: A pilot's guide to understanding the system and avionicsSporty's Pilot Shop
Join Sporty's John Zimmerman for a detailed look at Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast, the technology that's changing how pilots fly. From the basics of the system to portable ADS-B receivers to panel-mount ADS-B transmitters, you'll learn what ADS-B really means and how to fly with it.
Presented at the 2016 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh.
CAS is a system designed to help prevent rear‐end collisions with vehicles which are stationary or travelling in the same direction.
It uses visual and audio warnings to prompt the driver to take preventative action.
It also initiates braking if the driver fails to respond to the warnings.
There are generally two kinds of safety systems in automobiles:-
Passive safety – seatbelts, airbag system
Active safety – impact sensors, radar detection
CAS is a system designed to help prevent rear‐end collisions with vehicles which are stationary or travelling in the same direction. Several studies have shown that driver distraction or inattentiveness is a factor in the great majority of rear end accidents. The system is aimed at alerting the driver to an imminent rear end collision both at low speeds, typical of urban driving, and at higher speeds typical of rural roads and highways.
Abstract—Collision warning and collision avoidance systems are emerging automotive safety technologies that assist drivers in avoiding rear-end collisions. Their function is to allow the driver enough time to avoid the crash and yet avoid annoying the driver with alerts perceived as occurring too early or unnecessary. The purpose of this paper is to review various mechanisms under development or developed rear end collision avoidance of automobiles. Some of the reviewed work include an automatic braking system that safely stops an automobile while approaching an obstruction to avoid collision. Another separate but related system is to have a detection device, which alerts the driver in case the automobile veers off the road by crossing either the centre or side painted lines. The braking system senses an obstacle, calculates the relative distance and applies the variable brakes automatically to maintain a safe distance. Warning devices and sensor mechanisms used in obstacle avoidance systems are also reviewed. With the expansion in road network, motorization and urbanization in the country, the number of road accidents have surged. Road traffic injuries (RTIs) and fatalities have emerged as a major public health concern, with RTIs having become one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities and hospitalizations which impose severe socio-economic costs across the world. Motor vehicle population has grown at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10 per cent 2000-2009, during fuelled by a rising tide of motorization. Concomitantly, traffic risk and exposure have grown. During the year 2010, there were around 5 lakh road accidents, which resulted in deaths of 134,513 people and injured more than 5 lakh persons in India. These numbers translate into 1 road accident every minute, and 1 road accident death every four minutes. The total number of accidents can be reduced through the safety systems installed in vehicles. However, it was found that many traditional safety measures are reducing their effectiveness.
This slideshow was made for an invited talk at a local radio club that took place in early 2013. It introduces the methods of navigation and gives overview on the role of aerodrome and airspace traffic control.
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A small presentation about Satellite Payload to help the viewer get a brief introduction about payload on satellite and can help them further dwell into topic of 'Satellite Communication' .
Air traffic controlling machine that will enable pilots to know the other planes that are in their range. thus helping pilots to avoid collision between them.
Concepts of Electrostatic Discharge in Surface Mount TechnologyPaul Akinde
The intent of this paper is to present an analysis of electrostatic discharge and electrical overstress in surface mount technology. It recognises the recent development in modern electronics and emergence of solid state device in small and miniaturised forms as its building blocks which are electrostatic sensitive by nature. It began with an overview of electrostatic discharge and electrical stress, classification of ESD sensitivity, its effects on solid state devices and the various sources of ESD.
Communications Payload Design and Satellite System Architecture: Bent Pipe a...Jim Jenkins
This four-day course, ATI Courses.com's Communications Payload Design and Satellite System Architecture course , provides communications and satellite systems engineers and system architects with a comprehensive and accurate approach for the specification and detailed design of the communications payload and its integration into a satellite system. Both standard bent pipe repeaters and digital processors (on board and ground-based) are studied in depth, and optimized from the standpoint of maximizing throughput and coverage (single footprint and multi-beam). Applications in Fixed Satellite Service (C, X, Ku and Ka bands) and Mobile Satellite Service (L and S bands) are addressed as are the requirements of the associated ground segment for satellite control and the provision of services to end users.
terrain awareness warning system(taws)
used in aircraft to give warning signal to the pilot about the approaching terrain or high terrain ahead to avoid collision.
To help ensure safe flights, air traffic controllers enforce a minim.pdfarihantpuneteleshope
To help ensure safe flights, air traffic controllers enforce a minimum time interval between
takeoffs. Explain why this time interval between takeoffs can be shortened if the wind has a
cross-runway component ( as opposed to blowing directly down the runway)?
Solution
Answer :
Use different types of air traffic pattern.
Procedures in the pattern[edit]
Aircraft are expected to join and leave the pattern, following the pattern already in use.
Sometimes this will be at the discretion of the pilot, while at other times the pilot will be directed
by air traffic control.
There are conventions for joining the pattern, used in different jurisdictions.
Similarly, there are conventions for departing the pattern.
There is also a procedure known as an \"orbit\", where an aircraft flies a 360° loop either
clockwise or anticlockwise. This is usually to allow greater separation with other traffic ahead in
the pattern. This can be the result of a controller\'s instruction. If at the pilot\'s initiative, the pilot
will report e.g. \"(tail number or flight number) making one left-hand orbit, will advise
complete\".
To practice take off and landing, a pilot would often fly many patterns, one after another, from
the same runway. Upon each landing, depending on the runway distance remaining, aircraft and
pilot capabilities, noise abatement procedures in effect, and air traffic control clearance, the pilot
will perform either a full stop landing (taxi to the runway beginning for subsequent take-off), a
touch-and-go (stabilize in the landing roll, reconfigure the aircraft for take-off, and take-off
without ever stopping the aircraft), or a stop-and-go (decelerate to a stop, then take-off from the
remaining runway). In the U.S., when operating in a controlled airport a pilot can be cleared for
the option, allowing any of the landing options above, or a rejected landing, at pilot\'s discretion.
Time interval importance in radar system.
Radar coverage
Since centers control a large airspace area, they will typically use long range radar that has the
capability, at higher altitudes, to see aircraft within 200 nautical miles (370 km) of the radar
antenna. They may also use TRACON radar data to control when it provides a better \"picture\"
of the traffic or when it can fill in a portion of the area not covered by the long range radar.
In the U.S. system, at higher altitudes, over 90% of the U.S. airspace is covered by radar and
often by multiple radar systems; however, coverage may be inconsistent at lower altitudes used
by unpressurized aircraft due to high terrain or distance from radar facilities. A center may
require numerous radar systems to cover the airspace assigned to them, and may also rely on
pilot position reports from aircraft flying below the floor of radar coverage. This results in a
large amount of data being available to the controller. To address this, automation systems have
been designed that consolidate the radar data for the controller. This consolid.
“Sense and avoid”-what’s required for aircraft safety?
sensor and safety
aircraft safety using sensors
sensors for safety of people and aircraft traffic
seminar presentation
descriptive presentation
Approach Control Services
Instrument Approach Procedures at non-towered airports when in contact with ATC: what about local traffic?
Remote Class E airspace and poor ATC communications: how would ATC communicate?
ATCT
Glasgow No ATCT
Rock Springs Wyoming
Approach and
Departure Control
Approach/Departure Control
TRACON (FAA)Terminal Radar Approach Control
RAPCON (Military)Radar Approach Control
The same building houses approach and departure control
Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR)- 232 in the United States
SLC
CLE
Range up to 60 miles
ATL
Range/azimuth
(altitude from Mode-C transponders)
ATCT/TRACONs = 127
work upstairs and downstairs
TRACONs = 33
work only downstairs in radar room
QUESTIONMilitary approach control facility is called:RAPCONCivilian approach control facility is called:TRACON
Radar Screen oriented to Magnetic North
*
Approach Control
TRACON- Class B, C or TRSA Airspace
Manual Approach Control-
no radar (TWF, HLN)
Some TRACONs have multiple radars (such as S56)
CENRAP
center radar ARTS presentation
(Automated Radar Terminal System)
TRACON radar fails:
use ZLC ARTCC radarincrease separation from 3 to 5 nm
TRACON radar detects/displays aircraft positions in terminal area.
SLC Approach Control
SLC TRACON
QUESTIONSalt Lake TRACON radar has a range of ______ nm.
Answer: 60
TRACON LocationNot always located with a tower
Common “I” in New York Southern California TRACON Northern California TRACONPotomac TRACON
SLC TRACON Radar Room
Control room lighting: dark
Information Display System
Information Display System
Information Display System
Information Display System
Supervisor work station
Flight Progress Strips
Map of SLC TRACON (S56)
Brigham City
Provo
Tooele
Sectors:
Hart
Bear
Jordan
Stockton
Lake
Gunnison
2.unknown
Salt Lake TRACON AirspaceAt and below Flight Level 230
BMC shelf at and below 11,000’
PVU shelf at and below 11,000’
Positions of OperationSector FinalCoordinator Traffic ManagementSupervisor
STAGGERED ILS
34L
34R
FINAL
JORDAN
2 nm
2 nm
SIMULTANEOUS ILS
34L
34R
FINAL
JORDAN
34R Coordinator
34L Coordinator
Traffic alert, SKYWEST Twenty-Four, turn left immediately heading three-zero-zero, climb and maintain eight thousand
SKW24
1248 flights per day
Airport
Why aren’t all three IFR runways at SLC parallel?
Letter of AgreementWritten instructions:
procedures between air traffic control facilities.
Cover such subject as:
Altitudes, Routes, Holding, Airspace, Coordination
LOA
Standard Operating ProceduresWritten instructions:
procedures inside an air traffic control facility.
Include such things as:
Altitudes, Routes, Holding, Airspace, Coordination
SOP
QUESTIONWhere are TRACONs located?
Answer: where the FAA determines it is best
Separation in Class B Airspace
IFR: IFR 3 nm or 1000’
IFR: final approach 2.5 nm
IFR: between staggered approaches 2 nm
VFR.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
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Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
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https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
2. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
Home
• ATC systems prevent aircraft collisions, organize
Previous
and expedite the flow of traffic.
• It also provides weather and navigational
Next
information.
• Secondary surveillance radars are used for traffic
Help
control.
• Modern ATC use air traffic control radar beacon
system (ATCRBS) surveillance radar monitoring and
separation of air traffic.
3. Secondary Surveillance RADAR
Home • Primary RADAR measures position of targets by
detection of reflected radio signals.
Previous
• SSR not only detects the aircraft but also gives its
Next altitude and identity.
• SSR makes use of RADAR transponders that replies to
interrogation by transmitting an encoded data.
Help
• Transponder is a radio receiver and transmitter which
receives request at 1090MHz and transmits at 1030
MHz.
4. Mid-Air Collision (MAC)
Home
Previous Worst MAC in History
•Saudi Arabian Airlines
Next
VS Kazakhstan Airlines ,
Help
1996 (349 people killed)
A mid-air collision is an aviation accident in which two or
more aircraft come into contact during flight.
5. What is TCAS
Home
• TCAS stand for Traffic alert and Collision
Avoidance System
Previous
• It is a transponder based interrogation system
capable of displaying conflicting traffic and
Next
Help providing resolution advisory.
• Provides an extra level of protection against
mid-air collisions.
6. HOW TCAS WORKS
Home • TCAS consists of antennas on aircraft body,
computer processor & TCAS display inside cockpit.
Previous
• TCAS antenna continually surveys the airspace
Next
around an aircraft & transmit the signal.
Help • Other aircraft that also equipped with TCAS in the
surrounding area will reply the signal.
• TCAS continuously calculates tracked aircraft
position, therefore TCAS display constantly
updated and provide real time position
information.
7. HOW TCAS WORKS
Home
• TCAS operates similar as Secondary Surveillance
Previous Radar (SSR), but in air to air role.
Next
Help
8. HOW TCAS WORKS
Home
• Targets (other aircraft) are displayed on the
Previous
TCAS screen as different symbols which show
level of threat.
• Aircraft relative altitude also will be displayed.
Next
Help
– Relative altitude is the targets altitude in
relation to the aircraft. EX: -03↑ depicts a
target 300 feet below and climbing.
• TCAS can not display aircraft without TCAS
antenna/transponders.
10. Traffic Advisory (TA) &
Resolution Advisory (RA)
Home Determination of the alerts: TA & RA AUDIO WARNING
Previous
Traffic Advisory (TA) Intruder be at 45 “Traffic, Traffic”
help the pilots in the visual search and 35 seconds
for the intruder aircraft, and alert
Next
them to be ready for a potential from the collision
resolution advisory area.
Help
Resolution Advisory (RA) Intruder be at 30 “Climb, Climb”
avoidance maneuvers and 20 seconds “Descent,
recommended to the pilot.
from the collision Descent”
area.
• Maximum number of aircraft processed = 30
13. TCAS Advantages and Disadvantages
Home
• All threats taken into account
Previous • Detection of all transponding aircraft, including those which
are not displayed on the air traffic controller’s screen
Next
• Independent system, which acts as a last resort measure to
Help avoid mid-air collision when other safety precautions fail.
• TCAS reduced the risk of mid-air collision
• TCAS can not display aircraft without TCAS
antenna/transponders.
14. TCAS Limitations
Home
• No detection of aircraft without or not
Previous operating transponders .
Next
• No knowledge of the pilot’s intentions and of
the ATC separation minima
Help
• Basic display: no identification, no past
positions, no speed vector
• Sometime generate unnecessary alerts.
Saudi Arabian Airlines (Boeing 747)from New Delhi, India, to Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Mid-air collision occurred on 12 November 1996 Kazakhstan Airlines (Ilyushin Il-76) from Kazakhstan to New Delhi Both aircrafts collided at India airspace. All 349 people on board both flights were killed, making it the WORST mid-air collision in history The causes of accident are: Failure of the Kazakh pilot to follow ATC instructions. Commanded by ATC to descend at altitude 15’000ft, but he descend to altitude 14’500ft. Lack of English Language Skills of Kazakh pilot. Indira Gandhi International Airport did not have secondary surveillance radar, which produces exact readings of aircraft altitudes; instead the airport had outdated primary radar, which produced approximate readings. No TCAS Bashkirian Airlines (Tupolev Tu-154M) passenger jet en route from Moscow to Barcelona. DHL Flight 611 (Boeing 757) cargo jet flying from Bergamo, Italy, to Brussels, Belgium. The two aircraft collided in mid-air on 1 July 2002, in Germany airspace killing all 71 aboard both aircraft. The Investigation found that the accident had been caused by problems within the air traffic control system and problems with the use of the Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). On 24 February 2004, the ATC who was on duty at the time, was stabbed to death by a man who had lost his wife and two children in the accident.
The Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (or TCAS) is an aircraft collision avoidance system designed to reduce the incidence of mid-air collisions between aircraft. It monitors the airspace around an aircraft for other aircraft equipped with a corresponding active transponder, independent of air traffic control, and warns pilots of the presence of other transponder-equipped aircraft which may present a threat of mid-air collision (MAC). It is an implementation of the Airborne Collision Avoidance System mandated by International Civil Aviation Organization to be fitted to all aircraft with MTOM (maximum take-off mass) over 5700 kg (12,586 lbs) or authorized to carry more than 19 passengers. TCAS monitors the airspace around an aircraft for other aircraft equipped TCAS warns pilots of the presence of other aircraft (transponder-equipped) which may present a threat of mid-air collision (MAC). Intended as a last resort protection against risk of collision. Official definition from PANS-ATM (Nov 2007): ACAS / TCAS is an aircraft system based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals which operates independently of ground-based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on potential conflicting aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders. In modern glass cockpit aircraft, the TCAS display may be integrated in the Navigation Display (ND); in older glass cockpit aircraft and those with mechanical instrumentation, such an integrated TCAS display may replace the mechanical Vertical Speed Indicator (which indicates the rate with which the aircraft is descending or climbing).
