Adrenocorticosteroids
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The document discusses adrenocorticosteroids and their uses. It describes the adrenal glands and hormones they produce, including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and adrenal androgens. It outlines the therapeutic uses of adrenocorticosteroids in treating adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, inflammatory disorders, and more. Side effects are noted if used long-term or withdrawn abruptly.
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The document discusses adrenocortical hormones and their functions. It notes that the adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids including cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol affects carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. It stimulates gluconeogenesis and mobilizes fats and proteins. Cortisol also has anti-inflammatory effects and plays an important role in the body's response to stress. Cortisol secretion is regulated by ACTH from the pituitary gland which stimulates production through the cAMP pathway.
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The adrenal glands produce three main classes of hormones - glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and adrenal sex steroids. Glucocorticoids such as cortisol are produced in the zona fasciculata and have wide-ranging metabolic effects throughout the body. Their production is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Mineralocorticoids like aldosterone are produced in the zona glomerulosa and regulate sodium and potassium balance primarily through their actions in the kidneys. Hyperaldosteronism can result from tumors or other causes that overstimulate aldosterone production.
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3) There are various insulin preparations including regular human insulin, lente/NPH insulin, and analogues like lispro, glargine, and detemir with different onset/duration profiles. Insulin is used to treat diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis.
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The adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys and have two functional parts - the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex is divided into three zones that each secrete different hormones. The medulla secretes catecholamines like epinephrine. These hormones work together and with the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis to regulate processes like glucose metabolism, immune function, and the stress response. Stress can stimulate the adrenals to secrete glucocorticoids and other hormones to mobilize energy and resources in the body.
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Regulation, Mode of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic agents, replacements therapy of glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids.
ACTH and Corticosteroids.ppt
ACTH is a polypeptide hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland that controls secretions of the adrenal cortex. CRH from the hypothalamus stimulates production and release of ACTH. The adrenal cortex is divided into three zones that synthesize and secrete different types of steroids: mineralocorticoids in the outer zone, glucocorticoids in the middle zone, and adrenal androgens in the inner zone. Glucocorticoids such as cortisol are involved in metabolism and stress response and have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
Corticosteroids + immunomodulators
This document provides an overview of corticosteroids, including their history, biosynthesis, classification, mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects. Corticosteroids are steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex from cholesterol. They have important roles in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, electrolyte balance, and anti-inflammatory responses. Common therapeutic uses include replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency, and treatment of conditions like arthritis, asthma, skin diseases, and organ transplantation. Adverse effects can include fluid retention, altered electrolyte levels, infections, delayed wound healing, and osteoporosis. Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly used as first-line therapy for chronic asthma.
4th unit corticosteroids
Introduction.
Types of Corticosteroids
Biosynthesis of Corticosteroids
Biological Effects
Uses
Classification
Synthesis
Reference
Adrenal cortex
anatomy and physiology of adrenal cortex . detail of artery and venous supply along with histological differences of adrenal cortex . detail of biosynthesis of adrenocorticosteroids. reaction of biosynthesis of cortisol , androgen and aldosterone in different region ie. zona fasciculata, zona reticularis and zona glomerulosa respectively. biochemical function of cortisol and aldosterone along with structures. congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
The Adrenal Gland-converted.pptx
The adrenal glands produce important hormones including cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that regulates glucose levels and has anti-inflammatory effects. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium and water balance. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis controls cortisol production, while angiotensin II, potassium, and ACTH stimulate aldosterone secretion. Imbalances in these hormones can lead to diseases like Cushing's syndrome or Addison's disease.
Adrenal hormones - Pharmacology
The adrenal gland consists of the cortex and medulla. The cortex secretes steroid hormones including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Glucocorticoids such as cortisol help regulate metabolism, immune function, and the body's response to stress. Their production is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Glucocorticoids have anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects throughout the body and are used clinically to treat conditions like arthritis and adrenal insufficiency. Prolonged high dose use can cause adverse effects like osteoporosis.
Icbt08i10p1039
This document discusses corticosteroid physiology and principles of corticosteroid therapy. It describes how the adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens to regulate homeostasis, fluid and electrolyte balance, and secondary sexual characteristics. It notes that prolonged high-dose corticosteroid therapy can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, requiring gradual withdrawal and assessment of axis recovery. Patients with axis suppression may need physiological corticosteroid replacement and stress dosing until recovery is documented. The document also discusses corticosteroid classification, mechanisms of action, effects on metabolism, and principles of physiological corticosteroid replacement therapy.
Adrenal hormone
In mammals, the adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that sit at the top of the kidneys. They are chiefly responsible for releasing hormones in response to stress through the synthesis of corticosteroids such as cortisol and catecholamines such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline. They also produce androgens in their innermost cortical layer. The adrenal glands affect kidney function through the secretion of aldosterone, and recent data (1998) suggest that adrenocortical cells under pathological as well as under physiological conditions show neuroendocrine properties; within normal adrenal glands, this neuroendocrine differentiation seems to be restricted to cells of the zona glomerulosa and might be important for an autocrine regulation of adrenocortical function.
Endocrine disorders of adrenal gland
This document discusses endocrine disorders of the adrenal gland. It covers conditions such as Cushing's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hyperaldosteronism, and adrenal insufficiency. Cushing's syndrome is caused by excess cortisol and can be ACTH-dependent or -independent. It presents with central obesity, moon facies, buffalo hump, and purple striae. Tests include urine cortisol and low-dose dexamethasone suppression. Treatment depends on the cause but may include surgery or medication. Primary adrenal insufficiency involves deficiencies of both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
Corticosteroid in dentistry
The document discusses corticosteroids, including their history, physiology, regulation, classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, interactions, adverse reactions and contraindications. Corticosteroids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that regulate a wide range of physiologic systems such as carbohydrate metabolism, immune function and electrolyte balance. They have many therapeutic uses including replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency, treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
Lec 2 - Adrenal hormones.pptx
The adrenal gland consists of the cortex and medulla. The cortex secretes steroid hormones including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism and immune function while mineralocorticoids regulate sodium retention. Secretion is controlled by ACTH from the pituitary gland. Glucocorticoids have many effects including metabolism, stress response, and inflammation. Long term use can cause side effects like osteoporosis, diabetes, and hypertension.
Corticosteroids(2&3)
The document summarizes corticosteroids and antagonists. It discusses how corticosteroids are produced in the adrenal cortex and controlled by the HPA axis. It describes their therapeutic uses, mechanisms of action, effects, and important drugs. It also discusses corticosteroid antagonists that inhibit corticosteroid synthesis or receptors to treat conditions like Cushing's syndrome.
Adrenal gland & Cushing's Disease - Seminar August 2015
A condition that occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time.
Fewer than 1 million cases per year (India)
Treatable by a medical professional
Requires a medical diagnosis
Lab tests or imaging always required
Chronic: can last for years or be lifelong
The most common cause is the use of steroid drugs, but it can also occur from overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
Signs are a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face and pink or purple stretch marks.
Treatment options include reducing steroid use, surgery, radiation and medication.
Adrenal gland Surgery(2)
The adrenal glands produce important hormones that regulate salt, sugar, and sex functions in the body. The adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone which regulate sodium and potassium levels, and glucocorticoids like cortisol which regulate carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine which trigger the fight or flight response. Diseases can result from too much or too little production of these hormones. Cushing's disease occurs when there is too much cortisol and causes weight gain, high blood pressure, and easy bruising. Conn's syndrome features too much aldosterone and causes high blood pressure and low potassium
CORTICOSTERIODS.pdf
The document discusses the actions of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosteroids. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids like cortisol and aldosterone. Corticosteroids have mineralocorticoid effects like sodium retention and glucocorticoid effects like increasing blood glucose. They suppress inflammation and immune responses. Common glucocorticoids used include hydrocortisone, prednisone, and dexamethasone. Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid. Corticosteroids have many beneficial effects but also side effects like high blood pressure, bone loss, and weight gain if overused.
Principles of Hormonal regulations
Hormones regulate the structure and function of target organs and tissues. They circulate in the bloodstream and act in very small amounts on target cells. This document discusses the principles of hormonal regulation including the classification, mechanisms, and regulation of hormone secretion for various hormones like thyroid hormones, sex hormones, and parathyroid hormone. It also covers diseases related to abnormal hormone levels such as hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, and Cushing's syndrome.
Adrenal, pancreas[1]
The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys and consist of the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. The adrenal cortex secretes three classes of steroid hormones - glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens - which are regulated by ACTH and have important metabolic effects. Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system and potassium levels to control sodium retention.
Steroids converted
Steroids are compounds containing a cyclic steroid nucleus. They include mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, glucocorticoids like cortisol, and sex hormones. Glucocorticoids have effects on metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and more. They are used to treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease. Long term steroid use can suppress the HPA axis and cause adverse effects, so tapering is important. During stress and surgery, steroids may need to be increased or supplemented to avoid adrenal insufficiency.
Endocrine disease in dentistry /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...
Endocrine disease in dentistry /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.Similar to Adrenocorticosteroids (20)
Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology & Mechanism of Action of Corticosteroids.pptx
Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology & Mechanism of Action of Corticosteroids.pptx
Adrenal gland & Cushing's Disease - Seminar August 2015
Adrenal gland & Cushing's Disease - Seminar August 2015
Endocrine disease in dentistry /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...
Endocrine disease in dentistry /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...
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