This project involved using additive manufacturing technologies to 3D scan, model, and print a replica of an oil filter base. The artifact was scanned using a 3D Systems Capture scanner and the scan data was merged and manipulated in Geomagic Design X. The scan data was then modeled as a solid part and converted back to an STL file. Cura software was used to slice the STL file and generate G-Code for an Axiom Airwolf Dual Head 3D printer. While the printed part had good overall quality, a small hole error was discovered that may have been caused during the printing process or in the digital model. The project demonstrated technologies used in additive manufacturing for reverse engineering, CAD modeling, and
additive manufacturing introduction presentation
only for educational purposes
should not be published without permission
Biblography-Wikipedia,Slideshare,Google Search,ReseachGATE
in this presentation i have discussed about 4D Printing technology. you can watch out it in video form on my You Tube channel https://youtu.be/ZDaurFz2byc
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Both traditional and modern manufacturing methods have changed the face of the manufacturing industry over the years. But which method is best for the job at hand? Here's an overview of how the most common manufacturing methods compare.
On July 10th Innovate UK and the KTN held a business innovation day to showcase 30 of the Innovate UK projects that are currently active in the area of Additive Manufacturing. The presentations and pitches made on the day are now available to download. Topic 3 focuses on Post Processing
Video analysis showed that the inside tire was lifting during hard cornering. Symptoms were mid corner and exit understeer.
This led to research to determine the roll rate of the rear suspension through vehicle dynamics and spring rate calculations. Then, commercially available rear anti roll bars (ARB) were assessed and their spring rates calculated and compared to custom original designs.
In the end, due to lack of manufacturing ability and time, the commercially available rear ARB was purchased and installed.
Results: mid corner understeer corrected, exit understeer improved, vehicle cannot lift inside front tire.
The MIata required a larger diameter pulley in order to reduce the speed of the alternator relative to the crankshaft. With the engine operating at higher rpms for most of the on track time, we did not want to over charge the electrical system.
additive manufacturing introduction presentation
only for educational purposes
should not be published without permission
Biblography-Wikipedia,Slideshare,Google Search,ReseachGATE
in this presentation i have discussed about 4D Printing technology. you can watch out it in video form on my You Tube channel https://youtu.be/ZDaurFz2byc
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Both traditional and modern manufacturing methods have changed the face of the manufacturing industry over the years. But which method is best for the job at hand? Here's an overview of how the most common manufacturing methods compare.
On July 10th Innovate UK and the KTN held a business innovation day to showcase 30 of the Innovate UK projects that are currently active in the area of Additive Manufacturing. The presentations and pitches made on the day are now available to download. Topic 3 focuses on Post Processing
Video analysis showed that the inside tire was lifting during hard cornering. Symptoms were mid corner and exit understeer.
This led to research to determine the roll rate of the rear suspension through vehicle dynamics and spring rate calculations. Then, commercially available rear anti roll bars (ARB) were assessed and their spring rates calculated and compared to custom original designs.
In the end, due to lack of manufacturing ability and time, the commercially available rear ARB was purchased and installed.
Results: mid corner understeer corrected, exit understeer improved, vehicle cannot lift inside front tire.
The MIata required a larger diameter pulley in order to reduce the speed of the alternator relative to the crankshaft. With the engine operating at higher rpms for most of the on track time, we did not want to over charge the electrical system.
This study was performed to determine the projected cost of developing the programs MGB race to a prep level of F Production for competition in SCCA Club Racing.
Original radiator design to accommodate a change in the coolant routing in the engine. This design also allowed the engine to be over cooled, thereby allowing the use of water restrictors and tape on the grill to calibrate energy transfer rates for given atmospheric conditions.
A quick presentation put together to inform students what kind of projects they should expect, how the class operates, when and where the class meets and other general info.
Debug, Analyze and Optimize Games with Intel Tools - Matteo Valoriani - Codem...Codemotion
Use the full potential of your favorite platform while improving a videogame's frame rate and performance with GPA (Graphic Performance Analyzer), a free tool powered by Intel. Featuring a convenient panel overlay, you can quickly identify problem areas and experiment with improvements without having to recompile the source code. System Analyzing to isolate common bottlenecks that affect your game's performance in real time. Analyze performance on a single frame down to the draw call level. Identify where you can evenly distribute workloads across the CPU and GPU.
Debug, Analyze and Optimize Games with Intel Tools - Matteo Valoriani - Codem...Codemotion
Use the full potential of your favorite platform while improving a videogame's frame rate and performance with GPA (Graphic Performance Analyzer), a free tool powered by Intel. Featuring a convenient panel overlay, you can quickly identify problem areas and experiment with improvements without having to recompile the source code. System Analyzing to isolate common bottlenecks that affect your game's performance in real time. Analyze performance on a single frame down to the draw call level. Identify where you can evenly distribute workloads across the CPU and GPU.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. 2
Executive Summary
This project is being performed in an effort to use life experience and experience gained from an
internship as a substitute for the MET 328 class.
The purpose of this report is to document the processes and technologies that can be used in
modern additive manufacturing.
This project used a 3D Systems Capture scanner that uses white/blue light to digitize an artifact.
This was followed by the use of Geomagic Design X to manipulate the scan data and to model
the solid. The last software used was Cura. It was used to create the G-Code for an Axiom
Airwolf Dual Head 3D printer.
As with most 3D printed material, the finished product is a likeness of the actual artifact. The
surface finish cannot always be duplicated due to the nature of the process. This surface finish
discrepancy can lead to some errors in the printed part.
It has been discovered that there is a problem with the 3D printed part. There is a small hole from
between the central hole and one of the side angled holes. It is unclear if this error is caused by a
defect in the model or if this was caused during the actual printing process.
Even with the mentioned error the overall quality of the print is high considering that the Axiom
Airwolf printer is an entry level unit. The print could easily be put into use as a mock up
prototype.
This project is an example of some of the technologies and their respective processes that are
available to the manufacturing industry. The scanning and modeling processes are not exclusive
to additive manufacturing and are often used in subtractive as well. I believe that this project has
been a success in thoroughly demonstrating the technologies and processes used.
3. 3
Introduction
This project is being performed in an effort to use life experience and experience gained from an
internship as a substitute for the MET 328 class.
The purpose of this report is to document the processes and technologies that can be used in
modern additive manufacturing. More specifically the processes of reverse engineering a given
artifact, modeling a solid and using a 3D printer to recreate the artifact. This project used a 3D
Systems Capture scanner that uses white/blue light to digitize an artifact. This was followed by
the use of Geomagic Design X to manipulate the scan data and to model the solid. The last
software used was Cura. It was used to create the G-Code for an Axiom Airwolf Dual Head 3D
printer.
Each of these steps is covered in more detail in the following section.
Procedures
The procedures have been segmented into 6 functions. These are:
1. Scanning the artifact
2. Mesh manipulation
3. Modeling a solid from the mesh
4. 3D print preparation
5. Slicing the artifact and G-Code creation
6. Operation of the 3D printer
The first step to all of this is setting up the scanner. The scanner chosen for use with this artifact,
a remote oil filter base, is the 3D Systems Capture scanner. The Capture scanner is a desktop
scanner that is intended for use with items no larger than a softball or large grapefruit. It uses
white and blue light displayed in a series of patterns along with 2 cameras to digitize portions of
the artifact. After each image is captured a synced turn table rotates the artifact to next position
and the process is repeated.
The actual steps used for this project are listed below.
4. 4
1. OpenGeomagicDesignXand setupthe scannerandturntable.
2. Setupthe registrationtargetforcalibration
3. Clickon AutoExposure and,once complete,selectRegister.
4. Adjustthe locationof the turn table andthe angle of the scannerinorderto obtaina successful
registration.Thisensuresthe accuracyof the data recordedbythe scanner.
5. 5
5. Replace registrationtargetwithartifacttobe scannedandselectAutoExposure again.
6. Selectnumberof scansrequiredtofullyscanthe artifact.Rule of thumb:The more complex the
artifactthe more scans will be needed.
7. Clickthe scan button.
6. 6
8. Once the scans are completed,clickthe checkmarkonthe scannerdialogbox.
9. SelectYesto runthe MeshBuildupWizardandproceedthroughthe 5 steps.
10. Save the newlymergedscanstoyour selectedlocation.
11. Repeatthisprocessuntil all desiredfeaturesonthe artifactare fullyscanned.
7. 7
The nextstepor processis manipulatingthe meshesof the individual scans.Thismustbe done inorder
to combine the datafrom multipleartifactpositionsintoasingle cohesive mesh.There maybe asfewas
2 artifactpositionsandupto as manyas neededforthe scannertofullydigitize the artifact.Forthis
artifacta total of 3 scans were required.Againthe actual stepsusedare listedbelow.
1. Importeach scan so thattheycan be alignedtogethertobuildacomplete mesh.
2. Select2 of the total scans andselectunderthe Alignmenttabthe AlignBetweenScanData.
3. For thissetof scans I have usedthe Local BasedOn PickedPointmethod.
8. 8
4. The resultcan be seen.Repeatthisprocessuntilall scansare consolidated.
5. Selectthe PolygonsTabandselectCombine tocreate asingle entityoutof the multiple scans.
6. Decimate the datadownfor quickerprocessingtime.Thisdoesn'taffectthe qualityof the mesh.
Usually,the ideal numberof polygonsisaround1millionpolygons.Thisprojectwasupwardsof
4.3 millionbefore decimation.
13. 13
9. Selectthe Alignmenttabanduse the alignmentmethodof choice.ForthisprojectIusedthe
AlignWizardwhichusedthe intersectionof the central hole axisvectorandthe bottomsurface
as the originand assignthe reference planesaspicturedbelow.By aligningthe scanto origin
and reference planes,orthogonal viewscanbe usedanddefined.
The nextprocessisthe modelingof asolidforuse inlaterprocedures.Forthisprojecta sketchwas
createdusinga plane onthe meshitself asthe reference geometry.Infact,forall featuresof this
artifact,each sketchwascreateddirectlyontothe mesh.Fromthese sketches,solidfeatureswere
created.These featuresinclude extrudedbosses,extrudedcuts, sweptcutsandfinallysome fillets.The
modelingfollowsthe same setof rulesasprograms suchas SolidWorks.Meaningthateachsketchmust
be a closedcontourandcannot be self-intersectinginorderfora solidor surface operationtobe
performeduponit.Lastly,care mustbe takenwhenusingthe meshasthe basisfor a sketch.Each edge
may projectmultiplecontourlinesfromthe overlappingof scandata or fromthe camera catchinga
reflection.Whenthere are multiple contourlinesitispossible tocreate sketchgeometrythatis
differentfrom the actual artifact.Thisnecessitatessome classical metrologywithradiusgauges,hole
gauges, micrometersandVerniercalipersinorder toensure thatdimensionsare accurate. Listedbelow
isa quicksummaryof the stepstakentocreate the solidmodel.
18. 18
Before the oil filterbase canbe 3D printed,the solidmodel needstobe convertedbackintoa mesh.STL
file.Todo thisthe ConvertTo Meshtool was used.The stepsare listedbelow.
1. Selectthe SolidBodiesinthe view control panel inthe lowerleftof the screen.Thisensuresthat
onlythe newlymodeledfeaturesare convertedbackintoageneric.STLfile.
19. 19
2. Selectthe Polygonstabatthe topof the screenand selectthe ConvertToMeshfeature.Select
the solidbodyandclickthe checkmark. A new itemwill appearatthe bottomof the tree that is
the newmesh.Exportthisas a .STL file inorderto use it withthe 3D printersoftware.
The nextoperationusesthe Curasoftware toslice the .STL file andcreate the G-Code forthe printer.
Withthe AxiomAirwolf Dual Headprinterthere are specificinitiationfilesforeachtype of material that
can be used. ForthisprojectABSplasticwas chosendue tothe low costand the fact that the printedoil
filterbase will neveractuallybe putintoservice. The actual stepsinvolvedinthisprocessare listed
below.
22. 22
3. Rotate and move the model intothe desiredorientationandposition.Keepinmindthat all
overhangswill needsupport somaterial canbe savedor wasteddependinguponthe
orientationselected.Forthismodel itwasrotatedtominimize the amountof supportrequired.
Thissaveson material costand time requiredforthe print.
23. 23
4. Because the sweptcutwas facingdowntowardsthe buildplate itwasrequiredtoadd support
for the entire cut.The orientationminimizesthe amountof featuresthatrequire support.The
supportoptionscanbe toggled asshown.
5. The last software processrequiredistodouble checkthe actual G-Code.Throughuse we have
foundthat the Airwolf printerissensitive torequiringanauto-levelingsequence priortothe
actual printing.Thissequence wasthoughttobe includedinthe firmware of the printer,several
incorrectprintslaterwe discovereditwasnot.Thissequence isrequiredtobe includedin the
beginningof the G-Code andiscontainedinthe initiation file thatis loadedbeforeimportingthe
STL file.
25. 25
6. The last step is to load the actual file into the printer. The Airwolf printer used can either
use files from a MicroSD or wirelessly if it is networked.
Results/Analysis
The result of this project is the actual 3D printed oil filter base that has been submitted along
with this report, the merged scan data as a STL file and lastly the STP and IGES file of the
modeled solid body.
Conclusions
This project has been an example of some of the modern technologies that can be used for
additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing shares many processes with subtractive such as
reverse engineering and CAD modeling. One major difference between additive and subtractive
manufacturing is the number of required axis for some complex geometry. One example of this
is this oil filter base. The angled faces and threaded holes that are perpendicular to them require
either a 5 axis mill or multiple fixtures for use with a 2.5 axis mill when machined. Whereas a
3D printer can create this with only 3 axis. This ability could help create a push for 3D printers
with the capability to print metal to become more popular and therefore more affordable. This
could also take the 3D printer out of the prototype room and into the manufacturing area.