Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, involves building 3D objects layer by layer from digital models. The document discusses the current state and future potential of 7 additive manufacturing processes, including stereolithography, material jetting, binder jetting, material extrusion, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination, and directed energy deposition. It also identifies gaps in technology, materials, design, modeling, and education/training that must be addressed for additive manufacturing to become more widely used for mass production. Recommendations include increased collaboration between universities and industry to advance the technology and reduce costs.
This presentation is made on the Evolution of Additive Manufacturing. It has a brief description of Additive Manufacturing. It also has a history of Additive Manufacturing, followed by how 3D printing technology was developed and printers were evolved. Also, how it gained media attention and also its application in various fields are covered.
FDM Process introduction (A part of Additive Manufacturing Technique OR Commonly Known as 3D Printing). 3D printing is an evolved manufacturing technique; it is comparatively better than conventional substractive manufacturing. There is minimum wastage of material because material is added only at those locations where it is required. To make 3D model you need a 3D printer and feeding material and obviously power source. Any thermoplastic material whose melting temperature lies in the range of 150-240 deg. C can be used in FDM based 3D printing.
Selective Laser Sintering is one of the most used processes of Rapid Prototyping. It is a powder based process where powder of different metals/materials get sintered by LASER.
What is process planning .Difficulties in traditional process planning,CAPP Model,Types of CAPP ,1.Retrieval type CAPP (variant) systems.
2.Generative CAPP systems.
3.Hybrid CAPP systems.
Process planning system , Machinability data systems , Benefits of CAPP
This presentation is made on the Evolution of Additive Manufacturing. It has a brief description of Additive Manufacturing. It also has a history of Additive Manufacturing, followed by how 3D printing technology was developed and printers were evolved. Also, how it gained media attention and also its application in various fields are covered.
FDM Process introduction (A part of Additive Manufacturing Technique OR Commonly Known as 3D Printing). 3D printing is an evolved manufacturing technique; it is comparatively better than conventional substractive manufacturing. There is minimum wastage of material because material is added only at those locations where it is required. To make 3D model you need a 3D printer and feeding material and obviously power source. Any thermoplastic material whose melting temperature lies in the range of 150-240 deg. C can be used in FDM based 3D printing.
Selective Laser Sintering is one of the most used processes of Rapid Prototyping. It is a powder based process where powder of different metals/materials get sintered by LASER.
What is process planning .Difficulties in traditional process planning,CAPP Model,Types of CAPP ,1.Retrieval type CAPP (variant) systems.
2.Generative CAPP systems.
3.Hybrid CAPP systems.
Process planning system , Machinability data systems , Benefits of CAPP
Simulation can help in both design and process optimization for additive manufacturing industry by getting the product right the first time. Cost saving by reducing print iterations can be tremendous. The presentation covers some overview of the AM industry and specifically discusses both metal and polymer AM simulation solutions.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
1. Additive Manufacturing;
Present And Future
Presented by,
Stephin Abraham Sabu
S7 ME B
Roll No. 48
Guided by,
Prof. Aneesh K S
Mechanical Dept.
2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. What is additive manufacturing?
Functional principle
Advantages & disadvantages
Applications
3. AM Processes
4. Present conditions
5. AM - Future Aspects
6. Gaps & needs
7. Recommendations
8. Conclusion
2
3. Introduction
Manufacturing is a process in which raw materials are
transformed into finished goods.
Additive Manufacturing
• Technology that can make anything.
• Eliminates many constraints imposed by conventional
manufacturing
• Leads to more market opportunities.
• Increased applications such as 3D faxing sender scans a
3D object in cross sections and sends out the digital
image in layers, and then the recipient receives the
layered image and uses an AM machine to fabricate the
3D object.
3
4. What is Additive Manufacturing?
The process of joining materials to make objects from three-
dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer by layer
Commonly known as “3D printing”
Manufacturing components with virtually no geometric limitations or
tools.
AM uses an additive process
Design for manufacturing to manufacturing for design
Distinguished from traditional subtractive machining techniques
4
5. Functional principle
The system starts by applying a thin layer of the powder material to the
building platform.
A powerful laser beam then fuses the powder at exactly the points
defined by the computer-generated component design data.
Platform is then lowered and another layer of powder is applied.
Once again the material is fused so as to bond with the layer below at
the predefined points. 5
6. ADVANTAGES
Freedom of design
Complexity for free
Potential elimination of tooling
Lightweight design
Elimination of production steps
DISADVANTAGES
Slow build rates
High production costs
Considerable effort required for application design
Discontinuous production process
Limited component size.
6
7. Applications
AM has been used across a diverse array of
industries, including;
Automotive
Aerospace
Biomedical
Consumer goods and many others
7
8. AM processes are classified into seven categories
1) Vat Photopolymerisation/Steriolithography
2) Material Jetting
3) Binder jetting
4) Material extrusion
5) Powder bed fusion
6) Sheet lamination
7) Directed energy deposition
8
9. Vat photopolymerization/Steriolithography
• Laser beam traces a cross-section of the part pattern on
the surface of the liquid resin
• SLA's elevator platform descends
• A resin-filled blade sweeps across the cross section of the
part, re-coating it with fresh material
• Immersed in a chemical bath
Stereolithography requires the use of supporting structures
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10. Material Jetting
• Drop on demand method
• The print head is positioned above build platform
• Material is deposited from a nozzle which moves
horizontally across the build platform
• Material layers are then cured or hardened using
ultraviolet (UV) light
• Droplets of material solidify and make up the first layer.
• Platform descends
• Good accuracy and surface finishes
10
11. Binder Jetting
• A glue or binder is jetted from an inkjet style print head
• Roller spreads a new layer of powder on top of the previous
layer
• The subsequent layer is then printed and is stitched to the
previous layer by the jetted binder
• The remaining loose powder in the bed supports overhanging
structures
11
12. Material Extrusion/FDM
• Fuse deposition modelling (FDM)
• Material is drawn through a nozzle, where it is heated and is then
deposited layer by layer
• First layer is built as nozzle deposits material where required onto
the cross sectional area.
• The following layers are added on top of previous layers.
• Layers are fused together upon deposition as the material is in a
melted state.
12
13. Powder Bed Fusion
• Selective laser sintering (SLS)
• Selective laser melting (SLM)
• Electron beam melting (EBM)
No support structures required
13
PROCESS
• A layer, typically 0.1mm thick of material
is spread over the build platform.
• The SLS machine preheats the bulk powder
material in the powder bed
• A laser fuses the first layer
• A new layer of powder is spread.
• Further layers or cross sections are fused
and added.
• The process repeats until the entire model is
created.
14. Sheet Lamination
• Metal sheets are used
• Laser beam cuts the contour of each layer
• Glue activated by hot rollers
14
PROCESS
1. The material is positioned in place
on the cutting bed.
2. The material is bonded in place, over
the previous layer, using the
adhesive.
3. The required shape is then cut from
the layer, by laser or knife.
4. The next layer is added.
15. Directed Energy Deposition
• Consists of a nozzle mounted on a multi axis arm
• Nozzle can move in multiple directions
• Material is melted upon deposition with a laser or electron
beam
15
PROCESS
1. A4 or 5 axis arm with nozzle moves
around a fixed object.
2. Material is deposited from the nozzle onto
existing surfaces of the object.
3. Material is either provided in wire or
powder form.
4. Material is melted using a laser, electron
beam or plasma arc upon deposition.
5. Further material is added layer by layer
and solidifies, creating or repairing new
material features on the existing object.
16. Present Condition & Trends
Technology And Research
• The model data, usually in stereolithography (STL) format, is first
decomposed into a series of 2D, finitely thick cross sections, which
are then fed into an AM machine.
• Used directly and indirectly to produce prototype parts
• Reduce manufacturing and product costs
University–Industry Collaboration and Technology Transfer
More and more companies have begun using AM technology to;
• Reduce time-to-market
• Increase product quality
• Improve product performance
• Costs
16
17. • Metal-based AM processes have recently emerged in industrial
applications for manufacturing items such as automotive engines,
aircraft assemblies, power tools, and manufacturing tools including
jigs, fixtures, and drill guides
Education And Training
• Educating the general public about AM empowers people to build
what they dream.
• Formal AM education has already been integrated into curricula at
different levels.
• Educational materials on rapid prototyping have long been a part of
manufacturing engineering courses
17
18. AM - Future Aspects
Technology And Research
• “ Third industrial revolution “
• The cost effective mass customization of complex products
• Reduced material waste and energy consumption
• Adapt new product designs without the additional expenses
• In the biomedical field, AM can be used to fabricate tissue scaffolds
that are biocompatible, biodegradable, and bio-absorbable
Education & Training
• AM holds great potential for promoting science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education
• The availability of low-cost 3D printing equipment is creating the
opportunity for AM-enabled, hands-on labs in primary, secondary,
and postsecondary schools across the nation
18
20. Material
• Intensive materials research and development is needed
• In metallurgy, it takes about 10 years to develop a new alloy, including the
determination of various critical properties such as fatigue strength. This
time frame also applies to developing new materials for AM
• Even with existing materials, advancements are needed
Design
• Various AM-oriented design tools must be developed
• CAD systems should be re-invented to overcome its limitations
Modeling, Sensing, Control, and Process Innovation
• Difficult to predict the microstructures and fatigue properties resulting from
AM processes
• The sensing of AM processes may require fast in situ measurements of the
temperature, cooling rate, and residual stress
Characterization and Certification
• Real production environments and practices are much more rigorous
than those for prototyping purposes.
• The existing AM systems are still predominantly based on rapid
prototyping machine architectures
20
21. University–Industry Collaboration and Technology
Transfer.
• To compete with conventional mass production processes, AM
technology must advance significantly in order to drastically reduce
the cost of fabrication, improve the performance of fabricated parts
• The price of materials for AM would need to drop substantially in
order to achieve sufficient return on investment to make AM for
mass production a reality
21
23. Education & Training
While numerous AM education resources and training materials are
available, there is still no readily applicable, proven model for AM
education and training
Taking full advantage of AM will require;
• Educating the current workforce
• Recruiting a new generation of students
• Developing proper design tools
23
24. Recommendations
Technology and Research.
Materials
• Development of new materials for AM processes
• Formation and mixing of materials in desired forms and with desired properties
Design
• Methods and tools for simultaneous multifunctional
• Product design and AM process design
Modeling
• Robust physics-based mathematical models of temperature, stress etc.
• Prediction of microstructures and fatigue properties resulting from extreme
heating and cooling rates in AM processes
Sensing and control
• Fast-response sensors for detecting defects and phase transformations
• Integrated real time sensing and closed-loop control of AM processes
• The production costs, manufacturing time, and part defects must be reduced
drastically in order for AM to become hugely successful.
24
25. University–Industry Collaboration and Technology
Transfer
• Collaborations incentivized by federal funding programs
• Increased federal research and development (R&D) support
Education and Training
Teaching Factory
In the teaching factory, students are exposed directly to a
manufacturing enterprise where they design products to meet
customer needs and manufacture their designed products for the
market.
Other Training Efforts
Promotion of public awareness
Use of the Internet
Establishment of publicly accessible AM facilities
25
26. CONCLUSION
• The process of joining materials to make objects from three-
dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer by layer
• Traditional subtractive machining techniques rely on the removal of
material by methods such as cutting or milling
• Has many advantages over traditional manufacturing processes
• Seven processes of AM
• AM is on the verge of shifting from a pure rapid prototyping
technology
• Manufacturing metal components with virtually no geometric
limitations or tools offers new ways to increase product performance
or establish new processes and revenue streams
26
27. References
Base Journal ; Additive Manufacturing: Current State, Future Potential, Gaps and
Needs, and Recommendations
1. ASTM, 2009, ASTM International Committee F42 on Additive
Manufacturing Technologies, ASTM F2792–10 Standard Terminology for
Additive Manufacturing Technologies, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.
2. Wohlers Associates, Inc., 2013, Wohlers Report 2013: Additive
Manufacturing and 3D Printing State of the Industry, Wohlers Associates,
Fort Collins, CO.
3. Bourell, D. L., Beaman, J. J., Leu, M. C., and Rosen, D. W., 2009, “A Brief
History of Additive Manufacturing and the 2009 Roadmap for Additive
Manufacturing: Looking Back and Looking Ahead,” Proceedings of
RapidTech 2009: US-TURKEY Workshop on Rapid Technologies, Istanbul,
Turkey, Sept. 24–25, pp. 1–8.
4. Google
5. Wikipedia
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