The document provides information about the male and female reproductive systems: - Both sexes have reproductive organs called genitals designed for intercourse and conception. The female reproductive organs include ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. The male reproductive organs include testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and penis. - The ovaries hold and release eggs, while the testes produce sperm and testosterone. During ovulation, an egg is released from the ovaries and travels to the uterus through the fallopian tubes. If sperm fertilizes the egg, it may implant in the lining of the uterus.

1. HumanHuman
ReproductionReproduction
♀ ♂♀ ♂

2.  Both sexes haveBoth sexes have
reproductive organs calledreproductive organs called
GENITALS or GENITALIAGENITALS or GENITALIA
designed for the purpose ofdesigned for the purpose of
intercourse and conception.intercourse and conception.

3. Female Reproductive SystemFemale Reproductive System
Female reproductive organs are forFemale reproductive organs are for
intercourse, reproduction, urinationintercourse, reproduction, urination
pregnancy and childbirth.pregnancy and childbirth.

4. Internal Female Anatomy— click on button for
more information
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5. Front ViewFront View
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6. Ovary (Ovaries)Ovary (Ovaries)
 Two solid egg-shaped structuresTwo solid egg-shaped structures
 They are attached to the uterus by ligaments.They are attached to the uterus by ligaments.
They are the counterpart of the male testicles.They are the counterpart of the male testicles.
 Ovaries have two main functions:Ovaries have two main functions:
#1-store and release the ova or female egg cell. Some of#1-store and release the ova or female egg cell. Some of
the ova disappear; others are dormant until each is ripenedthe ova disappear; others are dormant until each is ripened
and released after puberty.and released after puberty.
#2-produce female sex hormones ESTROGEN and#2-produce female sex hormones ESTROGEN and
PROGESTERONEPROGESTERONE Click here

7. OvaOva
 The female reproductive cell.The female reproductive cell.
 They are the largest cells inThey are the largest cells in
the female body.the female body. (about the size of(about the size of
a grain of sand.)a grain of sand.)
 The female baby is born withThe female baby is born with
all the ova she will ever haveall the ova she will ever have
(about 200,000 in each ovary).(about 200,000 in each ovary).
 About 400-500 ova matureAbout 400-500 ova mature
and are released over aand are released over a
lifetimelifetime
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8. EstrogenEstrogen
 Estrogen is responsible for theEstrogen is responsible for the
secondary sex characteristics and the sexsecondary sex characteristics and the sex
drive in females. It spurs the onset ofdrive in females. It spurs the onset of
puberty and is responsible forpuberty and is responsible for
OVULATION.OVULATION.
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9. ProgesteroneProgesterone
 Progesterone builds up the lining of theProgesterone builds up the lining of the
uterus called the endometrium inuterus called the endometrium in
preparation for the fertilized ovumpreparation for the fertilized ovum
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10. OvulationOvulation
 When the egg is released from the ovary.When the egg is released from the ovary.
 At the age of pubertyAt the age of puberty
 The ovum moves to the surface of the ovary inThe ovum moves to the surface of the ovary in
bursts outbursts out
 The ova falls into the fallopian tube and waits forThe ova falls into the fallopian tube and waits for
fertilizationfertilization
 This happens every 28 daysThis happens every 28 days
 It happens at about the 14It happens at about the 14thth
day of the cycleday of the cycle
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11. FALLOPIAN TUBESFALLOPIAN TUBES
(oviducts)(oviducts)
 Two tubes attached on either side of the uterus.Two tubes attached on either side of the uterus.
 They are about four inches long and 3/16 inch inThey are about four inches long and 3/16 inch in
diameter (the size of a cooked spaghetti noodle).diameter (the size of a cooked spaghetti noodle).
 The oviducts carry egg cells toward the uterus andThe oviducts carry egg cells toward the uterus and
sperm cells toward the egg cell.sperm cells toward the egg cell.
 Fertilization takes place in the upper third of theFertilization takes place in the upper third of the
oviduct.oviduct.
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12. UterusUterus
 A hollow, muscular organ (A hollow, muscular organ (shaped somewhat like an upside-shaped somewhat like an upside-
down pear, about the size of a fist).down pear, about the size of a fist).
 The uterus is lined with endometriumThe uterus is lined with endometrium (a blood lining.)(a blood lining.)
 The uterus has one main function—to protectThe uterus has one main function—to protect
and nourish a fetusand nourish a fetus
 The walls of the uterus have the ability toThe walls of the uterus have the ability to
stretch to the size of a small watermelon.stretch to the size of a small watermelon.
 After childbirth the uterus shrinks back to theAfter childbirth the uterus shrinks back to the
original shape in 6-8 weeks, but it can take uporiginal shape in 6-8 weeks, but it can take up
to nine months for the uterus to fully recover.to nine months for the uterus to fully recover.
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13. CervixCervix
 The neck or opening of the uterus.The neck or opening of the uterus.
 A normal healthy cervix is the strongest muscleA normal healthy cervix is the strongest muscle
in the body.in the body.
 It dips down about half an inch into the vagina.It dips down about half an inch into the vagina.
 It is normally plugged by mucus. It stays tightlyIt is normally plugged by mucus. It stays tightly
closed during pregnancy, but thins and opensclosed during pregnancy, but thins and opens
for the delivery of the baby.for the delivery of the baby.
 How big does it need to dilate to for birth?How big does it need to dilate to for birth?
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14. VaginaVagina
 Female organ used for intercourse, it is anFemale organ used for intercourse, it is an
empty passageway leading from theempty passageway leading from the
vaginal opening to the uterus.vaginal opening to the uterus.
 It is only 3-4 inches long, but will lengthenIt is only 3-4 inches long, but will lengthen
during arousal.during arousal.
 The vaginal walls are made of many smallThe vaginal walls are made of many small
folds of membrane that stretch greatly tofolds of membrane that stretch greatly to
accommodate a baby during birth.accommodate a baby during birth.
 The vaginal wall also secrete a fluid thatThe vaginal wall also secrete a fluid that
helps to make intercourse easier.helps to make intercourse easier.
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15. UrethraUrethra
 The opening to the bladderThe opening to the bladder
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16. ClitorisClitoris
 A small, pea shaped bump at the front ofA small, pea shaped bump at the front of
the labia.the labia.
 It contains a small amount of erectileIt contains a small amount of erectile
tissue.tissue.
 The clitoris increases sexual pleasureThe clitoris increases sexual pleasure
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17. Woman’s CycleWoman’s Cycle
 Day 1 – Menstruation begins (bleeding)Day 1 – Menstruation begins (bleeding)
 Day 5 – Menstruation is usually endedDay 5 – Menstruation is usually ended
 Day 14 – Ovum has matured and bursts out ofDay 14 – Ovum has matured and bursts out of
the ovarythe ovary
 Day 15 – After 24 hours the egg is doneDay 15 – After 24 hours the egg is done
 Day 26 – In the absence of fertilization,Day 26 – In the absence of fertilization,
estrogen/progesterone levels dropestrogen/progesterone levels drop
and the endometrium lining breadsand the endometrium lining breads
downdown Click here

18. TIME LINE:TIME LINE:
 Ages 9-12Ages 9-12
 Secondary sex characteristics appearSecondary sex characteristics appear
 Ages 11-14Ages 11-14
 Menstrual cycle beginsMenstrual cycle begins
 Late 20-30'sLate 20-30's
 Peak sexual urgesPeak sexual urges
 Ages 45-55Ages 45-55
 Menopause (cycle stops, but sex urge continues)Menopause (cycle stops, but sex urge continues)
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19. Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
Male reproductive organs are forMale reproductive organs are for
intercourse, reproduction and urinationintercourse, reproduction and urination

20. Male Anatomy Click on a button for more information
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21. ScrotumScrotum
 A sac-like pouch located behind the penisA sac-like pouch located behind the penis
that holds each testes and helps regulatethat holds each testes and helps regulate
temperature for sperm production.temperature for sperm production.
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22. Testicles or TestesTesticles or Testes
 The two testes are small organs that lie in the scrotumThe two testes are small organs that lie in the scrotum
and produce sperm and the male hormoneand produce sperm and the male hormone
testosterone.testosterone.
 The testicles are the male sex gland.The testicles are the male sex gland.
 The testicles are outside the body because the maleThe testicles are outside the body because the male
sperm that is manufactured in the testes need cooler-sperm that is manufactured in the testes need cooler-
than-body temperature for normal growth andthan-body temperature for normal growth and
development.development.
 They are the counterpart to the female ovary.They are the counterpart to the female ovary.
 Loss of one does not impair the function of the other.Loss of one does not impair the function of the other.
 Four to five billion sperm cells are produced eachFour to five billion sperm cells are produced each
month.month.
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23. TestoteroneTestoterone
 the male reproductive hormone made bythe male reproductive hormone made by
the testicles which causes the changes ofthe testicles which causes the changes of
puberty.puberty.
 This hormone causes secondary sexThis hormone causes secondary sex
characteristics, production of sperm andcharacteristics, production of sperm and
sexual urge.sexual urge.
 It is produced in the testicles and entersIt is produced in the testicles and enters
the bloodstream at a fairly constant rate.the bloodstream at a fairly constant rate.
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24. SpermSperm
 The microscopic cells produced by theThe microscopic cells produced by the
male's testicles which can fertilize themale's testicles which can fertilize the
female's ovumfemale's ovum..
 They are tiny, living cells 100 timesThey are tiny, living cells 100 times
smaller than a pencil dot. (the smallestsmaller than a pencil dot. (the smallest
cell in a mans bodycell in a mans body
 Enough sperm would fit on the head of aEnough sperm would fit on the head of a
pin to re-populate the earth if each spermpin to re-populate the earth if each sperm
fertilized an egg.fertilized an egg.
 It is destroyed by warm bodyIt is destroyed by warm body
temperature, acidic environment.temperature, acidic environment.
 It can survive in a women’s body for 5-8It can survive in a women’s body for 5-8
days.days.
 Any sperm not ejaculated are passed inAny sperm not ejaculated are passed in
the urine.the urine.
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25. EpididymisEpididymis
 the structure that forms a mass over thethe structure that forms a mass over the
back and upper part of each testes.back and upper part of each testes.
 Sperm are stored there for as long as sixSperm are stored there for as long as six
weeks while they ripen to maturity.weeks while they ripen to maturity.
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26. Cowpers GlandCowpers Gland
 two small pea-sized glands locatedtwo small pea-sized glands located
beneath the prostate gland on both sidesbeneath the prostate gland on both sides
of the base of the penis.of the base of the penis.
 They secrete a clear, sticky fluid that helpsThey secrete a clear, sticky fluid that helps
to neutralize the acidity of the urethra.to neutralize the acidity of the urethra.
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27. Vas DeferensVas Deferens
 two long, thin tubes that serve as atwo long, thin tubes that serve as a
passageway for sperm and a place forpassageway for sperm and a place for
sperm storage.sperm storage.
 The contraction of the vas deferens alongThe contraction of the vas deferens along
with the action of the cilia help transportwith the action of the cilia help transport
the sperm through the vas deferens.the sperm through the vas deferens.
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28. Seminal VesiclesSeminal Vesicles
 two small glands that secrete a fluid thattwo small glands that secrete a fluid that
nourishes and enables the sperm tonourishes and enables the sperm to
move.move.
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29. Prostate GlandProstate Gland
 surround the urethra beneath the bladder.surround the urethra beneath the bladder.
The gland secretes an alkaline fluid thatThe gland secretes an alkaline fluid that
neutralizes the acid found in the maleneutralizes the acid found in the male
urethra and the female reproductive tract.urethra and the female reproductive tract.
 Without the action of the secretions of theWithout the action of the secretions of the
prostate gland, many sperm would die andprostate gland, many sperm would die and
fertilization of an ovum would befertilization of an ovum would be
impossible.impossible.
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30. UrethraUrethra
 A dual purpose tube that both semen and urineA dual purpose tube that both semen and urine
pass through to leave the body. Semen andpass through to leave the body. Semen and
urine never mix.urine never mix.
 Special muscles or sphincters surround theSpecial muscles or sphincters surround the
urethra.urethra.
 During urination, one sphincter will relax so thatDuring urination, one sphincter will relax so that
the pressure from the bladder will push urine outthe pressure from the bladder will push urine out
from the body.from the body.
 During ejaculation, another sphincter will relaxDuring ejaculation, another sphincter will relax
so that semen can flow through the urethra toso that semen can flow through the urethra to
the outside of the body.the outside of the body.
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31. PenisPenis
 The male organ for sexual intercourse,The male organ for sexual intercourse,
reproduction, and urination.reproduction, and urination.
 The reproductive purpose of the penis is toThe reproductive purpose of the penis is to
deposit semen in the vagina during sexualdeposit semen in the vagina during sexual
intercourse.intercourse.
 The head of the penis or glans contains manyThe head of the penis or glans contains many
nerve endings. At birth the glans is covered bynerve endings. At birth the glans is covered by
a loosely fitting skin called the foreskin.a loosely fitting skin called the foreskin.
 When the penis is erect it is 5-7 inches long AnWhen the penis is erect it is 5-7 inches long An
erection occurs when the sponge-likeerection occurs when the sponge-like
chambers in the penis fill with blood.chambers in the penis fill with blood. Click here

32. SEMEN:SEMEN:
 a combination of fluid that is produced ina combination of fluid that is produced in
the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, andthe seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and
Cowper's gland. This fluid nourishes andCowper's gland. This fluid nourishes and
helps sperm move through the urethra.helps sperm move through the urethra.
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33. EJACULATIONEJACULATION
 the passage of sperm from the penis, athe passage of sperm from the penis, a
result of a series of muscular contractions.result of a series of muscular contractions.
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34. TIME LINE:
 Infancy
 Erections begin
 Ages 11-14
 Secondary sex characteristics appear
 Ages 13-16
 Sperm produced in adult amounts (puberty)
 Late teens
 Peak sexual urges for boys
 Throughout life
 If good health is present, there is the sex urge and
ability to father children