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Acculturation Theory of Second Language Acquisition
Acculturation theory, proposed by John H. Schumann, describes the exchange of cultural features when different cultures interact, influencing each other while remaining distinct. Key factors affecting cultural integration include social dominance, cultural congruence, and attitudes towards the target culture, which impact language acquisition. The theory also highlights the psychological challenges of language learning, such as language shock and the differences in acquisition between adults and children.
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Acculturation Theory of Second Language Acquisition
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- 2. Acculturation Theory •Proposed byJohn H. Schumann, American Linguist Defined as: •Exchange of cultural features when two or more different cultures comes in contact continuous contact •Sharing of the differences in cultures, this may alter or change a culture but still remains distinct from each other.
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- 4. Social Dominance Social Dominanceis simply defined as one culture is on a higher hierarchy. The much superior hierarchy greatly influences the much inferior culture. e.g. Spain is more dominant
- 5. A Culture or aNation is considered a much more superior
- 6. Integration Pattern Assimilation Preservation Adaptation The culture givesup its own lifestyle to adapt to the culture (Language) it wants to learn. This strategy maintains its own lifestyle and rejects the target group’s language acquisition. It creates a rift between the two groups making the acquisition of the target This strategy adapts the target group’s lifestyle and language but also maintaining its own lifestyle and values. It maximizes the contact between the cultures and enhances the This strategy yields varied degrees of
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- 10. Enclosure Degree of sharingcultural construction (school, church, clubs, facilities, trades, profession, etc.) High Enclosure The two groups have their own social constructs making the acquisition of Low Enclosure The two groups shares the social constructs, therefore, making the acquisition of the second language easier and more
- 12. Cohesive Size If the secondlanguagelearning group is firm or cohesive the members tends to separate itself to the target language group. This makes Second Language Acquisition harder to accomplish. A large population of the secondLanguage learning group then it makes language acquisition more difficult. Conflicts may emerge between
- 14. Cultural Congruence Congruence is thesimilarity between the two groups. If the two groups are similar then second-language acquisition is easier for the language-learning group to grasp the target language.
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- 16. Attitude If the TargetGroup and the Language-Learning group have positive attitudes towards each other, there would be less barriers between the two groups from learning the target language.
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- 18. Intended Length ofResidence If the Second-Language Learning group intends to stay in the target language are for a longer time, it is likely for them to learn the language intensively. A lengthy stay would promote Second
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- 21. Language Shock Stengal statesthat second Language Acquisition is harder on adults since adult are conscious with what message they want to convey. Language acquisition is much more ideal for children since children does not fear saying sentences or words incorrectly. An adult would much prefer the use of his native language if he has that option.
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- 23. Culture Shock Culture shockis felt by a person when he/ she encounters a different culture for the first time. This mental state requires the person to spend greater energy in coping up with his/her new environment. And this affects the person’s
- 24. When I Shoc Went to WhenI ked America I’m saw … Drag Queens!
- 26. Motivation Motivation involves thesecond language learner’s reason to comprehend Integrative Instrumental Motivation Motivation The secondThe secondlanguage learner is language learning the learner is language in order learning the to meet with, talk to, learn from or language because find out about the he/ she needs/ is target language. It required to is usually borne out learn it. Researched by Gardner and Lambert of admiration for
- 28. Ego-Permeability Guiora explains thatgaining a native-like pronunciation of a second language is called ‘Language Ego’. As a child this language ego is permeable; therefore, as a child learns a second language, he is more likely to pronounce the words properly. But if an adult learns a second language his pronunciation is firm and rigid
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