This document summarizes key concepts in second language acquisition (SLA). It defines SLA as learning a second language in addition to one's native language. There is a difference between acquisition, which happens naturally through interaction, and learning, which is a conscious process focused on grammar rules. Contrastive analysis hypothesizes that learners will transfer rules from their first language, sometimes generating errors. Research in SLA has been both product-oriented and process-oriented. Krashen's five hypotheses focus on acquisition, learning, the monitor, natural order, and affective filter. Generalizations note variations in learners and the role of self-image. Claims are made about adults acquiring a second language, practice not ensuring perfection

1. Prepared by
Vaidehi Hariyani
Semester 3
Department of English,MKBU
SECOND LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION (SLA)

2. The process by which
people learn a Second
language in addition to their
Native language.
Second language plays an
institutional role in the
society.
INTRODUCTION

3. DIFFERENCE
Acquisition Learning

4. • Conscious process.
• Grammar, vocabulary
and rules are learnt in
controlled manner.
• It happens in schools,
colleges and so on.
• Activities and methods
are designed. Focus is
on grammar.
• Gradual development .
• It happens naturally.
• It happens through
interaction with the
ones who are native
speakers.
• Focus is on meaningful
communication not on
grammatical forms.
DIFFERENCE
Acquisition Learning

5. • Not the native
language
• Learned in
addition to Native
language
• Acquired language
• Ones native
language
• Learned in
childhood
• Mother language
LANGUAGE LEARNING
First Language Second Language

6. • Rules are similar
for L1 and L2
• L1 rules the
L2
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
HYPOTHESIS
CA :- L2 learners will use L1 trends which
sometimes differs and error is generated

7. • Long (1981), Stephen
Krashen(1980)
• To focus on the process
how l2 can be acquired.
• The way we learn
language consciously is
different to
subconscious
acquisition. Both are
different mental
process.
• Dulay and Burt(1974)
• To determine whether
there is natural
sequence in the order
in which l2 learners
acquire the grammar of
the target language.
• Rejected the
hypotheses that l2
acquisition equals L1
acquisition.
RESEARCH
Product- oriented Process- oriented

8. KRASHEN’S FIVE HYPOTHESIS
Acquisitio
n-
Learning
Monitor
Natural
order
Input
Affective
Filter

9. GENERALIZATIONS
• SLA includes an understanding, in general, of what
language is, what learning is and for classroom context,
what teaching is.
• Knowledge of children’s learning the first language
provides insights to understand SLA.
• There is tremendous variations among learners in
acquiring language.
• The way people view themselves in communiction will
affect the quantity and quality of second language
learning.

10. CLAIMS
1. Adults can acquire a second language easily…!
2. Practice does not make language perfect.
3. Knowing a language rule does not mean one will be
able to use it in an interaction.
4. One cannot achieve native like command in an hour.
5. Comprehension of text depends on learners ability to
understand language.
6. Learner already has a language available.
7. Atmosphere of the learner.

11. TRAJECTORY OF ANSWER
• Introduction :- What is SLA?
• Difference:- L1 and L2, Learning and Acquisition.
• Analysis:- Error analysis, contrastive analysis
• Research
• 5 hypothesis – Krashen
• Generalizations and claims
• Summarize

12. THANK YOU…..