9 a couplings introduction
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This document discusses the design and classification of couplings used to connect shafts. Couplings are classified as rigid, flexible, loose/disengaging, or non-aligned. Rigid couplings connect perfectly aligned shafts, while flexible couplings allow for misalignment. Couplings are used to connect separate units like motors and generators, allow for shaft misalignment or flexibility, reduce shock transmission, and provide overload protection. Good couplings should connect/disconnect easily, transmit full power without losses, hold shafts aligned, and reduce shock transmission between shafts. Common types include sleeve, clamp, and flange rigid couplings as well as bushed pin, universal, and Oldham flexible couplings.
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Coupling
Coupling is used to transmit power from one shaft to another and make permanent or semi-permanent connections between shafts. There are two main types of couplings: rigid couplings which do not allow relative rotation between shafts and must be perfectly aligned, and flexible couplings which allow for some misalignment and protect from vibrations. Examples of flexible couplings include bush pin flange couplings using rubber or leather bushes over pins to absorb shocks, and universal couplings used to join intersecting shafts where the angle may vary.
Couplings
The document discusses different types of couplings used to connect shafts for power transmission. It describes rigid couplings like flanged, split, keyed, and friction couplings which are used for aligned shafts. It also describes flexible couplings like universal joints, constant velocity joints, and flexible couplings that allow for non-aligned shafts and compensate for changes in angular misalignment between the shafts.
Shaft couplings by Sheharyar khan (Uet Lahore)
This lesson is from the subject Machine design, and it is very important on the subject point of view that how shafts and couplings are important while designing a machine.
Coupling
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together to transmit power while allowing for some misalignment. There are two main types of couplings: rigid couplings, which do not allow for disconnection or misalignment, and flexible couplings, which can accommodate misalignment between shafts. Flexible couplings function by transmitting power between shafts while allowing for various types of misalignment, including angular, offset, and axial misalignment. Examples of flexible couplings include flanged pin bush couplings, elastomeric couplings, gear tooth couplings, and Oldham couplings.
Shaft coupling
It will help to the students of Mechanical Engineering. These notes are according to Machine Design and CAD-ii Subject.
Couplings
This document discusses different types of couplings used to connect shafts together for transmitting power or motion. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve and flanged couplings that do not allow misalignment. It also covers flexible couplings that can accommodate some misalignment like constant velocity joints, universal joints, Oldham couplings, and beam couplings. Finally, it mentions hydrodynamic or fluid couplings that use fluid to transmit motion and double cardan joints that eliminate the need to correctly phase universal joints.
Shaft couplings
.............................................................................................................................
Mechanical coupling
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Recommended
Coupling
Coupling is used to transmit power from one shaft to another and make permanent or semi-permanent connections between shafts. There are two main types of couplings: rigid couplings which do not allow relative rotation between shafts and must be perfectly aligned, and flexible couplings which allow for some misalignment and protect from vibrations. Examples of flexible couplings include bush pin flange couplings using rubber or leather bushes over pins to absorb shocks, and universal couplings used to join intersecting shafts where the angle may vary.
Couplings
The document discusses different types of couplings used to connect shafts for power transmission. It describes rigid couplings like flanged, split, keyed, and friction couplings which are used for aligned shafts. It also describes flexible couplings like universal joints, constant velocity joints, and flexible couplings that allow for non-aligned shafts and compensate for changes in angular misalignment between the shafts.
Shaft couplings by Sheharyar khan (Uet Lahore)
This lesson is from the subject Machine design, and it is very important on the subject point of view that how shafts and couplings are important while designing a machine.
Coupling
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together to transmit power while allowing for some misalignment. There are two main types of couplings: rigid couplings, which do not allow for disconnection or misalignment, and flexible couplings, which can accommodate misalignment between shafts. Flexible couplings function by transmitting power between shafts while allowing for various types of misalignment, including angular, offset, and axial misalignment. Examples of flexible couplings include flanged pin bush couplings, elastomeric couplings, gear tooth couplings, and Oldham couplings.
Shaft coupling
It will help to the students of Mechanical Engineering. These notes are according to Machine Design and CAD-ii Subject.
Couplings
This document discusses different types of couplings used to connect shafts together for transmitting power or motion. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve and flanged couplings that do not allow misalignment. It also covers flexible couplings that can accommodate some misalignment like constant velocity joints, universal joints, Oldham couplings, and beam couplings. Finally, it mentions hydrodynamic or fluid couplings that use fluid to transmit motion and double cardan joints that eliminate the need to correctly phase universal joints.
Shaft couplings
.............................................................................................................................
Mechanical coupling
mechanical coupling,type of coupling,pump,fan,equipment,powerplant, ,type of couplings flexible coupling rigid coupling
Rigid coupling and it's design
Rigid couplings are used to join two precisely aligned shafts for power transmission. They maintain a fixed relationship between the shafts with no relative motion. Rigid couplings are simple and economical, with low moment of inertia. They are precision-machined from bar stock for strength and tight tolerances. Rigid couplings only work with precisely aligned shafts and can fail if operated beyond their design capabilities or with shaft misalignment.
Oldham coupling
This document discusses Oldham couplings, which are used to transmit power between two parallel but non-collinear shafts. It describes how Oldham couplings work using three discs with interlocking tongues and grooves to allow for some misalignment of the shafts while preventing relative rotation. Advantages include low inertia, stiffness, ease of installation in tight spaces. Disadvantages include smaller angular misalignment range and lower torque capacity compared to other coupling types. Oldham couplings see common use in robotics, printers, and other applications requiring electrical insulation between shafts.
Modern coupling
Introduction
Type of Modern couplings
1.Diaphragm Coupling
2.K-Coupling
3.SK coupling
4.H-Coupling
pump,fans,powerplant,equipment
Bushed pin type flexible coupling
JNTUK
DMM1
Shaft couplings
Bushed Pin type flexible coupling
video LInk: https://youtu.be/mxHvPEmipuk
coupling
This document discusses different types of shaft couplings, including rigid couplings like sleeve, clamp, and flange couplings as well as flexible couplings like bushed pin, universal, and Oldham couplings. It describes the purpose of couplings in connecting shafts and allowing for misalignment while transmitting motion. Requirements for good shaft couplings include easy connection/disconnection, full power transmission without losses, holding shafts in alignment, and reducing shock loads. The document concludes with information on coupling maintenance through inspection and lubrication and potential failure modes from improper installation or operation beyond design capabilities.
Report on couplings
Rigid and flexible couplings are used to connect shafts for power transmission. Rigid couplings require precise shaft alignment while flexible couplings can accommodate some misalignment. Common rigid couplings include sleeve, clamp, and flange types. Flexible couplings include beam, flange, Oldham, and universal joint types. Couplings are selected based on the application and maintained through regular inspection and lubrication to prevent failures from misalignment, improper installation, or exceeding design limits. Proper shaft alignment during coupling setup is important for maximum power transmission and machine lifespan.
Introduction of coupling (machine design & industrial drafting )
The document discusses different types of couplings used to connect two shafts in a transmission system. It describes a sleeve or muff coupling as the simplest type of rigid coupling made of cast iron that fits over the ends of two shafts. A split muff coupling is also discussed, which has a muff or sleeve made of two halves joined by bolts, allowing for assembly and disassembly without changing the shaft positions. It is used for heavy power transmission at moderate speeds. The document provides classifications and purposes of various couplings used in mechanical systems.
Couplings 121226211146-phpapp02
This document discusses different types of stresses, strengths, and couplings used to connect shafts. It defines shear stress, axial force, torsion, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, and torsional strength. It also describes flexible couplings, universal couplings, Oldham couplings, and pin bush couplings; and discusses how they can accommodate misalignment between shafts and transmit torque.
Coupling by jawad ali
Shaft couplings are used to join shafts together end to end when transporting longer shafts. There are two main types of shaft couplings: rigid couplings which connect perfectly aligned shafts, and flexible couplings which connect shafts with misalignments. Rigid couplings include sleeve/muff couplings, clamp/split-muff couplings, and flange couplings. Flexible couplings include bushed pin couplings, universal couplings, and Oldham couplings. All couplings aim to transmit full power between shafts without losses while maintaining alignment and reducing shock.
Types of coupling
This is a ppt made for understanding that what is coupling and what are the differents types of coupling.
Shaft couplings
This document discusses different types of shaft couplings used to connect rotating shafts. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve, clamp and flange couplings that are used when shafts are perfectly aligned. Flexible couplings like bushed pin, universal and Oldham couplings are used to connect shafts that allow for misalignment. The key requirements of couplings are to maximize power transmission while withstanding misalignment between connected shafts.
Gear couplings
Fenner gear couplings are used to transmit power between shafts in various industrial applications while compensating for misalignments. They consist of two hubs with crowned teeth and two sleeves with internal teeth. The document provides details on misalignment capabilities, lubrication recommendations, power ratings, and selection process for different sizes of Fenner gear couplings. It also includes dimensional drawings and specifications for various coupling sizes.
Coupling
It was my college project.. and i have made it very well.. N the names i have displayed on first slide was my group members.
Couplings : Types & Applications
Couplings are used to connect two shafts together for power transmission. The main types are rigid couplings for aligned shafts, like flanged, split, keyed, and friction couplings, and flexible couplings for misaligned shafts, like universal joints, constant velocity joints, and fluid couplings. Flexible couplings allow for minor axial, angular, and parallel misalignment between shafts. Common flexible couplings include jaw & spider couplings, tyre couplings, and bellows couplings. Couplings allow power transmission between shafts, accommodate shaft misalignment, reduce shocks, and make assembly/disassembly easier.
Sleeve couplings
Couplings are used to connect two shafts for torque transmission. There are two main types of couplings: rigid couplings and flexible couplings. A rigid sleeve coupling consists of a cylindrical cast iron sleeve keyed to the shafts to connect them. It transmits power from one shaft to the other through a key and sleeve.
Couplings , Clutches and Brakes
This document discusses different types of power transmission elements including couplings, clutches, and brakes. It describes various coupling types such as rigid couplings (sleeve, clamp, and flange) and flexible couplings (bushed pin type flange, universal, and Oldham). Friction and positive contact clutches are examined along with examples like disc, cone, and centrifugal friction clutches and jaw positive contact clutches. Finally, common brake types are defined including block, band, internal expanding shoe, and disc brakes.
Coupling12
A coupling connects two rotating shafts to transmit power while allowing for some misalignment. There are many types of couplings including sleeve, flange, gear, and flexible couplings. A bearing supports rotating machinery and reduces friction by facilitating only the desired motion. Common types of bearings include ball, roller, thrust ball, and roller thrust bearings.
Report on Flange Cupling
Coupling is one kind of mechanical device which is used to connect two shafts together at their
ends for the purpose of transmitting power.
The primary purpose of couplings is to join two pieces of rotating equipment while permitting
some degree of misalignment or end movement or both.
A rigid coupling is a unit of hardware used to join two shafts within a motor or mechanical system.
It may be used to connect two separate systems, such as a motor and a generator, or to repair a
connection within a single system. A rigid coupling may also be added between shafts to reduce
shock and wear at the point where the shafts meet.
Flanged coupling is a type of rigid coupling in which two co-linear shafts are connected by the
flanges. The coupling enables torque transmission between the shafts & prevents relative rotation
between them.
In the project work a flanged coupling was made by local material available & the analysis of
various stresses & safety factor was also performed.
The outcome of analysis is there’s no danger of failure by pure shear, even if a fatigue strength
reduction factor is included, but this same section may have severe & undefinable bending stresses
on it if the flanges are imperfectly aligned, and they surely will be. The bolts bending was neglected
since they were too small compared to the result outcome.
Finally, the computed factor of safety of the flanges suggest that it would withstand repeated
bending if the misalignment is small.
Oldham’s coupling
The document discusses Oldham's coupling, which was invented in 1820 by John Oldham to connect parallel but non-collinear shafts. It consists of three discs - one coupled to the input, one to the output, and a middle disc joined to the first two by perpendicular tongue and groove joints. Oldham's coupling allows torque to be transferred between shafts that are parallel but not collinear, and accommodates some misalignment between the shafts. It has advantages like withstanding large misalignments and protecting bearings, but also has disadvantages like lower torque capacity and introducing some non-homokinetic transmission of motion.
Coupling clutches and brakes
Coupling and clutches are used to transmit power between shafts, while brakes are used to control machine motion. There are several types of couplings like rigid, sleeve/muff, and flange couplings. Clutches like disc and cone clutches are used to engage and disengage power transmission. Brakes use friction to slow motion and include block, band, and expanding shoe brakes. Couplings connect shafts, clutches selectively engage power transmission, and brakes control motion through friction.
Dial indikator
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together for transmitting power. Couplings come in two main types: rigid and flexible. Rigid couplings provide a precise connection between shafts and maximize performance, while flexible couplings allow for some misalignment. Careful selection, installation, and maintenance of couplings can reduce costs and downtime.
Meathods Of Bearing mountings
This document summarizes the mounting of machine elements for a concrete mixer. It discusses the main components of a concrete mixer including bearings, worm gears, drums, yokes, sprockets, and frames. It then focuses on the mounting of bearings and gears. For bearings, it describes the types of bearings and different mounting methods, including both bearings fixed or one floating. For gears, it outlines different attachment methods like using fixing screws, keys and circlips, cotter pins, and locking assemblies. Finally, it provides an example of selecting bearings from a manufacturer's catalog.
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Rigid coupling and it's design
Rigid couplings are used to join two precisely aligned shafts for power transmission. They maintain a fixed relationship between the shafts with no relative motion. Rigid couplings are simple and economical, with low moment of inertia. They are precision-machined from bar stock for strength and tight tolerances. Rigid couplings only work with precisely aligned shafts and can fail if operated beyond their design capabilities or with shaft misalignment.
Oldham coupling
This document discusses Oldham couplings, which are used to transmit power between two parallel but non-collinear shafts. It describes how Oldham couplings work using three discs with interlocking tongues and grooves to allow for some misalignment of the shafts while preventing relative rotation. Advantages include low inertia, stiffness, ease of installation in tight spaces. Disadvantages include smaller angular misalignment range and lower torque capacity compared to other coupling types. Oldham couplings see common use in robotics, printers, and other applications requiring electrical insulation between shafts.
Modern coupling
Introduction
Type of Modern couplings
1.Diaphragm Coupling
2.K-Coupling
3.SK coupling
4.H-Coupling
pump,fans,powerplant,equipment
Bushed pin type flexible coupling
JNTUK
DMM1
Shaft couplings
Bushed Pin type flexible coupling
video LInk: https://youtu.be/mxHvPEmipuk
coupling
This document discusses different types of shaft couplings, including rigid couplings like sleeve, clamp, and flange couplings as well as flexible couplings like bushed pin, universal, and Oldham couplings. It describes the purpose of couplings in connecting shafts and allowing for misalignment while transmitting motion. Requirements for good shaft couplings include easy connection/disconnection, full power transmission without losses, holding shafts in alignment, and reducing shock loads. The document concludes with information on coupling maintenance through inspection and lubrication and potential failure modes from improper installation or operation beyond design capabilities.
Report on couplings
Rigid and flexible couplings are used to connect shafts for power transmission. Rigid couplings require precise shaft alignment while flexible couplings can accommodate some misalignment. Common rigid couplings include sleeve, clamp, and flange types. Flexible couplings include beam, flange, Oldham, and universal joint types. Couplings are selected based on the application and maintained through regular inspection and lubrication to prevent failures from misalignment, improper installation, or exceeding design limits. Proper shaft alignment during coupling setup is important for maximum power transmission and machine lifespan.
Introduction of coupling (machine design & industrial drafting )
The document discusses different types of couplings used to connect two shafts in a transmission system. It describes a sleeve or muff coupling as the simplest type of rigid coupling made of cast iron that fits over the ends of two shafts. A split muff coupling is also discussed, which has a muff or sleeve made of two halves joined by bolts, allowing for assembly and disassembly without changing the shaft positions. It is used for heavy power transmission at moderate speeds. The document provides classifications and purposes of various couplings used in mechanical systems.
Couplings 121226211146-phpapp02
This document discusses different types of stresses, strengths, and couplings used to connect shafts. It defines shear stress, axial force, torsion, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, and torsional strength. It also describes flexible couplings, universal couplings, Oldham couplings, and pin bush couplings; and discusses how they can accommodate misalignment between shafts and transmit torque.
Coupling by jawad ali
Shaft couplings are used to join shafts together end to end when transporting longer shafts. There are two main types of shaft couplings: rigid couplings which connect perfectly aligned shafts, and flexible couplings which connect shafts with misalignments. Rigid couplings include sleeve/muff couplings, clamp/split-muff couplings, and flange couplings. Flexible couplings include bushed pin couplings, universal couplings, and Oldham couplings. All couplings aim to transmit full power between shafts without losses while maintaining alignment and reducing shock.
Types of coupling
This is a ppt made for understanding that what is coupling and what are the differents types of coupling.
Shaft couplings
This document discusses different types of shaft couplings used to connect rotating shafts. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve, clamp and flange couplings that are used when shafts are perfectly aligned. Flexible couplings like bushed pin, universal and Oldham couplings are used to connect shafts that allow for misalignment. The key requirements of couplings are to maximize power transmission while withstanding misalignment between connected shafts.
Gear couplings
Fenner gear couplings are used to transmit power between shafts in various industrial applications while compensating for misalignments. They consist of two hubs with crowned teeth and two sleeves with internal teeth. The document provides details on misalignment capabilities, lubrication recommendations, power ratings, and selection process for different sizes of Fenner gear couplings. It also includes dimensional drawings and specifications for various coupling sizes.
Coupling
It was my college project.. and i have made it very well.. N the names i have displayed on first slide was my group members.
Couplings : Types & Applications
Couplings are used to connect two shafts together for power transmission. The main types are rigid couplings for aligned shafts, like flanged, split, keyed, and friction couplings, and flexible couplings for misaligned shafts, like universal joints, constant velocity joints, and fluid couplings. Flexible couplings allow for minor axial, angular, and parallel misalignment between shafts. Common flexible couplings include jaw & spider couplings, tyre couplings, and bellows couplings. Couplings allow power transmission between shafts, accommodate shaft misalignment, reduce shocks, and make assembly/disassembly easier.
Sleeve couplings
Couplings are used to connect two shafts for torque transmission. There are two main types of couplings: rigid couplings and flexible couplings. A rigid sleeve coupling consists of a cylindrical cast iron sleeve keyed to the shafts to connect them. It transmits power from one shaft to the other through a key and sleeve.
Couplings , Clutches and Brakes
This document discusses different types of power transmission elements including couplings, clutches, and brakes. It describes various coupling types such as rigid couplings (sleeve, clamp, and flange) and flexible couplings (bushed pin type flange, universal, and Oldham). Friction and positive contact clutches are examined along with examples like disc, cone, and centrifugal friction clutches and jaw positive contact clutches. Finally, common brake types are defined including block, band, internal expanding shoe, and disc brakes.
Coupling12
A coupling connects two rotating shafts to transmit power while allowing for some misalignment. There are many types of couplings including sleeve, flange, gear, and flexible couplings. A bearing supports rotating machinery and reduces friction by facilitating only the desired motion. Common types of bearings include ball, roller, thrust ball, and roller thrust bearings.
Report on Flange Cupling
Coupling is one kind of mechanical device which is used to connect two shafts together at their
ends for the purpose of transmitting power.
The primary purpose of couplings is to join two pieces of rotating equipment while permitting
some degree of misalignment or end movement or both.
A rigid coupling is a unit of hardware used to join two shafts within a motor or mechanical system.
It may be used to connect two separate systems, such as a motor and a generator, or to repair a
connection within a single system. A rigid coupling may also be added between shafts to reduce
shock and wear at the point where the shafts meet.
Flanged coupling is a type of rigid coupling in which two co-linear shafts are connected by the
flanges. The coupling enables torque transmission between the shafts & prevents relative rotation
between them.
In the project work a flanged coupling was made by local material available & the analysis of
various stresses & safety factor was also performed.
The outcome of analysis is there’s no danger of failure by pure shear, even if a fatigue strength
reduction factor is included, but this same section may have severe & undefinable bending stresses
on it if the flanges are imperfectly aligned, and they surely will be. The bolts bending was neglected
since they were too small compared to the result outcome.
Finally, the computed factor of safety of the flanges suggest that it would withstand repeated
bending if the misalignment is small.
Oldham’s coupling
The document discusses Oldham's coupling, which was invented in 1820 by John Oldham to connect parallel but non-collinear shafts. It consists of three discs - one coupled to the input, one to the output, and a middle disc joined to the first two by perpendicular tongue and groove joints. Oldham's coupling allows torque to be transferred between shafts that are parallel but not collinear, and accommodates some misalignment between the shafts. It has advantages like withstanding large misalignments and protecting bearings, but also has disadvantages like lower torque capacity and introducing some non-homokinetic transmission of motion.
Coupling clutches and brakes
Coupling and clutches are used to transmit power between shafts, while brakes are used to control machine motion. There are several types of couplings like rigid, sleeve/muff, and flange couplings. Clutches like disc and cone clutches are used to engage and disengage power transmission. Brakes use friction to slow motion and include block, band, and expanding shoe brakes. Couplings connect shafts, clutches selectively engage power transmission, and brakes control motion through friction.
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Introduction of coupling (machine design & industrial drafting )
Introduction of coupling (machine design & industrial drafting )
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Dial indikator
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together for transmitting power. Couplings come in two main types: rigid and flexible. Rigid couplings provide a precise connection between shafts and maximize performance, while flexible couplings allow for some misalignment. Careful selection, installation, and maintenance of couplings can reduce costs and downtime.
Meathods Of Bearing mountings
This document summarizes the mounting of machine elements for a concrete mixer. It discusses the main components of a concrete mixer including bearings, worm gears, drums, yokes, sprockets, and frames. It then focuses on the mounting of bearings and gears. For bearings, it describes the types of bearings and different mounting methods, including both bearings fixed or one floating. For gears, it outlines different attachment methods like using fixing screws, keys and circlips, cotter pins, and locking assemblies. Finally, it provides an example of selecting bearings from a manufacturer's catalog.
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This document discusses different types of couplings, clutches, and brakes used to connect rotating shafts and transmit or stop motion. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve couplings that connect shafts without slip, and flexible couplings like universal joints that allow for misalignment. Friction clutches are covered, including disc clutches used in automobiles and cone clutches. Centrifugal and positive contact clutches are also mentioned. Finally, the document defines brakes as devices that produce friction to slow or stop machine motion.
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Couplings are used to connect two shafts together for power transmission. The main types are rigid couplings for aligned shafts, like flanged, split, and keyed couplings, and flexible couplings for misaligned shafts, like universal joints, jaw couplings, and fluid couplings. Flexible couplings allow for minor axial, angular, and parallel misalignment between shafts. Common flexible couplings include muff/sleeve couplings, which connect shafts inside a hollow cylinder, and Oldham couplings, which use grooved connecting pieces to join parallel shafts that may be eccentric.
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Coupling (Simplest PPT)
Presentation on coupling prepared by Engr. Usman Ghani.
The presentation is made to foucs on very basics of coupling, even people from non engineering fields can also get an introductory idea from this presentation.
If you like this ppt and if you want me to make presentations on other important topics. please let me know.
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The document discusses various types of couplings, clutches, and brakes used for power transmission. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve, split muff, and flange couplings that connect shafts in perfect alignment. Flexible couplings like bush pin, Oldham, and universal joints are also covered, which allow for some misalignment between shafts. Various clutches and brakes used to control motion like disc, cone, centrifugal, band, and internal shoe brakes are also summarized.
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This document discusses various types of couplings, clutches, and brakes used for power transmission. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve couplings and flange couplings. Flexible couplings discussed include bushed pin flange couplings, Oldham couplings, and universal couplings. Clutches described are jaw, disc, cone, and centrifugal clutches. Finally, the document outlines different brake types including block, band, and internal expanding shoe brakes.
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Basic Mechanical Engineering -Mechanical Elements
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Design a coupling.pptx
The document discusses designing a coupling to connect the shaft of a wind turbine to an electric generator. It defines couplings as mechanical devices that transmit power or torque from one shaft to another. Couplings are needed when shafts must be connected end to end in a straight line to transmit power, such as connecting a wind turbine shaft to a generator. The coupling will need to transmit power from the turbine to the generator shaft.
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Couplings are used to connect shafts that are longer than can be transported as a single piece. There are rigid and flexible types of couplings. Rigid couplings like sleeve couplings strictly maintain shaft alignment, while flexible couplings allow for some misalignment through mechanisms like pins or discs. Common flexible couplings include the bush pin flange coupling, Oldham's coupling, and universal coupling, which can connect shafts that are not perfectly aligned through their flexible central components.
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This document discusses key accounting principles and concepts. It defines generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as principles that have substantial authoritative support and general acceptability. It classifies accounting principles into concepts and conventions. Some key concepts discussed include going concern, consistency, and accrual assumptions as well as the accounting entity, money measurement, matching, and revenue recognition principles. The document also explains conventions like materiality, conservatism, and the dual aspect principle.
3 capital structure
The document discusses capital structure and the factors considered when determining a firm's optimal capital structure. It defines capital structure as the mix of long-term financing sources like debt, preference shares, and equity. Management should choose a capital structure that minimizes the firm's cost of capital while maximizing shareholder value. Different approaches for determining the optimal capital structure are described, including the net income, net operating income, Modigliani-Miller, and traditional intermediate approaches.
1 sources of finance
This document discusses various sources of finance for businesses. It identifies external and internal sources of finance. External sources include issuing shares, debentures, accepting public deposits, and taking loans from financial institutions and banks. Internal sources include retained profits that are reinvested in the business. Long term sources are used for fixed capital needs and include equity, debt, and retained profits. Short term sources like loans and deposits are used for working capital needs.
2 term loan
The document discusses various types of term loans and lease financing. It defines term loans as debt that is scheduled to be repaid in more than one year but generally less than ten years. Term loans typically involve regular payments of both interest and principal. The document also discusses the costs and benefits of term loans versus lease financing. It provides examples of different types of leases and factors to consider when deciding whether to lease or purchase equipment.
4 b. capital budgeting and cost analysis performance evaluation
A manager using discounted cash flow methods for capital budgeting can face conflicts if accounting rate of return is used for performance evaluation. Specifically, a project with an accounting rate of return below the desired minimum threshold will be rejected, even if it has a positive net present value using discounted cash flow methods. This goal incongruence can be reduced by evaluating managers' performance on a project-by-project basis instead of using accounting rate of return.
4 a. capital budgeting and cost analysis
1) Capital budgeting is a six-stage process that focuses on projects spanning multiple years. It involves identifying potential projects, acquiring information, selecting projects, financing them, and implementing/controlling them.
2) There are two main discounted cash flow methods for evaluating projects: net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). NPV totals the present value of future cash flows and IRR is the discount rate that makes NPV equal to zero.
3) Other methods like payback period and accrual accounting rate of return (AARR) are also used but have limitations like not incorporating time value of money. NPV and IRR are preferable but can give different results,
3 capital budgeting
Capital budgeting is the process of analyzing projects and determining which to include in the capital budget. It involves evaluating long-term investment projects involving large capital outlays. There are various evaluation criteria used for capital budgeting including net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period, discounted payback period, and profitability index. Generally, NPV is considered the best method but companies often consider multiple criteria as each provides different relevant information for decision making.
2 working capital
This document discusses working capital management. It defines working capital as the capital required to finance short-term assets such as inventory, debtors, and cash. Working capital is also known as revolving or circulating capital. It then discusses different types of working capital including gross, net, permanent, temporary, regular, reserve, and seasonal working capital. The significance and calculation of gross and net working capital is also explained.
1 current assement management
This document provides an overview of current asset management. It discusses key aspects like working capital management, current asset investment policies, cash management, marketable securities, accounts receivable management, and inventory management. The goal of current asset management is to optimize investment in current assets to balance risk and return while maintaining sufficient liquidity to meet short-term obligations.
2 b. project termination
This document discusses various ways that projects can be terminated, including extinction due to success or failure, addition through institutionalization or integration into an existing organization, and starvation through decreased funding. It also identifies common causes of project failure such as lack of support, improper staffing, and poor planning. The termination process involves a decision on whether to continue the project based on costs and expected outcomes, followed by a closeout process. Key duties for a termination manager are outlined, such as completing work, finalizing documentation and reports, redistributing resources, and closing financial records. A final report detailing project performance, administration, structure, teams and management techniques is recommended.
2 a. project auditing
A project audit evaluates the progress and performance of a project compared to its planned objectives. It examines all aspects of a project including its management, methodology, budgets, and completion status. The audit report assesses the current status, future projections, critical tasks, risks, and lessons learned. It follows a life cycle of initiation, baseline definition, data collection, analysis, reporting, and termination. The auditor maintains independence and objectivity to truthfully evaluate the project's strengths and weaknesses.
1 b, evaluation of project
This document discusses evaluation of projects. It defines evaluation as judging the worth, value or quality of a project to make necessary decisions. Key aspects of evaluation include relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability and impact. Formative evaluation is intended to improve performance during design/implementation, while summative evaluation determines outcomes at the end. Types of evaluation include participatory, process-based, outcome-based, self-evaluation and goal-based. Evaluation provides strategic, operational and learning information. Principles, stages, criteria, types, methods and views of evaluation are also outlined.
1 a, monitoring and evaluation of PM
This document discusses monitoring and evaluation of projects. It defines a project as having a rationale, goal, objectives, action plan, beneficiaries, time frame, budget, and outputs. It states that monitoring involves systematically recording observations, gathering information, analyzing data, documenting findings, reflecting on progress, and taking action or re-planning if needed. The goal of monitoring is to ensure inputs, activities, and outputs proceed according to plan and that the right things are being delivered to the right people at the right time through the correct processes.
3 industrial hydraulic circuits shapping, milling, drilling
The document describes several hydraulic circuits used in industrial machinery. It summarizes the hydraulic circuits for a milling machine, shaper machine, surface grinder, hydraulic press, hydraulic power steering, dump trucks, and excavators. For each, it outlines the key components of the circuit such as pumps, valves, cylinders, and how fluid flow is directed to enable the motion of machine parts like tables, rams, and booms.
2 maintenance of hydraulic systems
This document discusses best practices for maintaining hydraulic systems. It emphasizes that contamination control is the number one priority, and outlines various causes of contamination and failures in hydraulic systems. The document recommends developing an effective preventative maintenance and predictive maintenance program for hydraulic systems, with a focus on failure mode identification and mitigation. It also stresses the importance of education in hydraulic fundamentals, maintenance, and troubleshooting. Measurement of hydraulic system reliability is advised.
1 hydraulic troubleshooting
The document provides guidance on troubleshooting hydraulic systems. It discusses developing a systematic process including following safety procedures, obtaining documentation, isolating issues, and making predictive checks. Common problems involve pumps, valves, actuators, and overheating. Pump issues include noise, pressure/flow problems. Valves and actuators may cause low/erratic pressure or slow movement. Overheating can indicate contamination, relief settings, or internal leaks. Electrical issues can similarly impact hydraulics. Accumulators and proportional valves require specialized documentation. The key tools are the senses - sight, sound, touch, and smell.
3 c. industrial pneumatic circuit logic
This document discusses various pneumatic logic circuits that can be created using spool valves. It describes logic AND, OR, NOT, memory/latch circuits and how they function. Diagrams are provided to illustrate 3/2 valves that can be used for normally open, normally closed, selection, and diversion applications. Circuits for OR, AND, NOT logic functions and single pulse creation are also depicted.
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- 2. couplings are used to connect two shafts in such away that when both shafts rotate, they act as one unit and transmit power from one shaft to other Shafts to be coupled may have collinear axes, intersecting axes or parallel axes at a small distance. Classification: couplings are classified as 1. Rigid couplings 2. Flexible couplings 3. Loose or Disengaging couplings 4. Non- aligned couplings
- 3. Couplings are used in machinery for several purposes To provide for the connection of shafts of units that are manufactured separately such as a motor and generator and to provide for disconnection for repairs or alternations. To provide for misalignment of the shafts or to introduce mechanical flexibility. Toreduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to another. Tointroduce protection against overloads. It should have no projecting parts
- 4. Requirements of a Good Shaft Coupling It should be easy to connect or disconnect. It should transmit the full power from one shaft to the other shaft without losses. It should hold the shafts in perfect alignment. It should reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to another shaft. If should have no projecting parts.
- 5. Types of Shafts Couplings 1. Rigid coupling 2. Flexible coupling
- 6. Types of Shafts Couplings Rigid coupling It is used to connect two shafts which are perfectly aligned. • types of rigid coupling are • a)Sleeve or muff coupling. • b)Clamp or split-muff or compression coupling, • c)Flange coupling
- 7. Flexible coupling : It is used to connect two shafts having both lateral and angular misalignment. Types of flexible coupling are a)Bushed pin type coupling, b)Universal coupling, and c)Oldham coupling Flexible coupling