This document discusses different types of couplings, clutches, and brakes used to connect rotating shafts and transmit or stop motion. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve couplings that connect shafts without slip, and flexible couplings like universal joints that allow for misalignment. Friction clutches are covered, including disc clutches used in automobiles and cone clutches. Centrifugal and positive contact clutches are also mentioned. Finally, the document defines brakes as devices that produce friction to slow or stop machine motion.
1. The document discusses various types of lathes and their parts and operations. It describes the main parts of a lathe including the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, and feed mechanism.
2. It explains different lathe types such as engine lathes, bench lathes, toolroom lathes, and automatic lathes. It also discusses work holding devices, centers, and chucks.
3. The document provides details on lathe specifications, headstock mechanisms, feed mechanisms, and quick change gear boxes to facilitate various turning operations.
The document provides information about different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. It discusses key gear terminology such as pitch circle, pitch diameter, pressure angle, addendum, dedendum, diametral pitch, and module. The document also covers gear tooth profiles including cycloidal and involute profiles and the law of gearing for constant velocity ratio. Examples of gear calculations for addendum, path of contact, arc of contact, and contact ratio are presented.
Gear Drives for Diploma Students first and second YearMechTech3
Here is the PPT on the Gear Drives for Diploma Students of first and second year. Based on Mechanical Engineering diploma. The data for PPT is collected From book so don,t worry about PPT.
The document discusses different types of comparators. It describes comparators as devices that indicate the differences in size between a standard part and a workpiece being measured through magnification. The document outlines 10 characteristics of good comparators and discusses the need for comparators in mass production applications requiring precise, fast measurements. It then describes seven common types of comparators, including mechanical, optical, electrical, pneumatic, and others. Several specific comparator models are explained in detail, focusing on their working principles and typical applications.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CONNECTING ROD USING ALUMINIUM ALLOY 7068 T6, T6511 IAEME Publication
The connecting rod is the intermediate member between the piston and the Crankshaft. Its primary function is to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to the crank pin, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank. This thesis describes designing
and Analysis of connecting rod. Currently existing connecting rod is manufactured by using Forged steel. In this drawing is drafted from the calculations.
Lathe machine operations include installing cutting tools, positioning tools, clamping parts, and various turning operations. Cutting tools are secured in tool holders and posts. The saddle, slide, and compound allow accurate positioning. Parts must be securely clamped before operation. The spindle is turned by hand first to check for interference. Additional operations include facing, parting, drilling, boring, and knurling. Safety and proper setup are important for all lathe work.
This document discusses jigs and fixtures, which are devices used to hold workpieces in place for machining or assembly processes. It defines jigs and fixtures and describes their main purposes. Some key points covered include:
- Jigs are used to guide cutting tools and locate components for machining. Fixtures are fixed to machine tables and locate work for cutting.
- Common jig components include locating pins, bushings, and clamps to securely hold workpieces. Fixtures also use bases, clamps, and set blocks.
- Proper design of locating surfaces is important for accuracy, including using small surfaces, avoiding sharp corners, and supporting workpieces evenly.
- Jigs and fixtures
Cams are devices that convert rotary motion to linear motion. A cam mechanism consists of a cam and follower mounted on a fixed frame. There are various types of cams including plate, face, and cylindrical cams. Cams can have different profiles like pear, circular, or heart shaped depending on how the follower needs to move. Cams are used in applications like engines and looms to control motion. They allow for coordinating large numbers of input/output motions in a compact space.
1. The document discusses various types of lathes and their parts and operations. It describes the main parts of a lathe including the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, and feed mechanism.
2. It explains different lathe types such as engine lathes, bench lathes, toolroom lathes, and automatic lathes. It also discusses work holding devices, centers, and chucks.
3. The document provides details on lathe specifications, headstock mechanisms, feed mechanisms, and quick change gear boxes to facilitate various turning operations.
The document provides information about different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. It discusses key gear terminology such as pitch circle, pitch diameter, pressure angle, addendum, dedendum, diametral pitch, and module. The document also covers gear tooth profiles including cycloidal and involute profiles and the law of gearing for constant velocity ratio. Examples of gear calculations for addendum, path of contact, arc of contact, and contact ratio are presented.
Gear Drives for Diploma Students first and second YearMechTech3
Here is the PPT on the Gear Drives for Diploma Students of first and second year. Based on Mechanical Engineering diploma. The data for PPT is collected From book so don,t worry about PPT.
The document discusses different types of comparators. It describes comparators as devices that indicate the differences in size between a standard part and a workpiece being measured through magnification. The document outlines 10 characteristics of good comparators and discusses the need for comparators in mass production applications requiring precise, fast measurements. It then describes seven common types of comparators, including mechanical, optical, electrical, pneumatic, and others. Several specific comparator models are explained in detail, focusing on their working principles and typical applications.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CONNECTING ROD USING ALUMINIUM ALLOY 7068 T6, T6511 IAEME Publication
The connecting rod is the intermediate member between the piston and the Crankshaft. Its primary function is to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to the crank pin, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank. This thesis describes designing
and Analysis of connecting rod. Currently existing connecting rod is manufactured by using Forged steel. In this drawing is drafted from the calculations.
Lathe machine operations include installing cutting tools, positioning tools, clamping parts, and various turning operations. Cutting tools are secured in tool holders and posts. The saddle, slide, and compound allow accurate positioning. Parts must be securely clamped before operation. The spindle is turned by hand first to check for interference. Additional operations include facing, parting, drilling, boring, and knurling. Safety and proper setup are important for all lathe work.
This document discusses jigs and fixtures, which are devices used to hold workpieces in place for machining or assembly processes. It defines jigs and fixtures and describes their main purposes. Some key points covered include:
- Jigs are used to guide cutting tools and locate components for machining. Fixtures are fixed to machine tables and locate work for cutting.
- Common jig components include locating pins, bushings, and clamps to securely hold workpieces. Fixtures also use bases, clamps, and set blocks.
- Proper design of locating surfaces is important for accuracy, including using small surfaces, avoiding sharp corners, and supporting workpieces evenly.
- Jigs and fixtures
Cams are devices that convert rotary motion to linear motion. A cam mechanism consists of a cam and follower mounted on a fixed frame. There are various types of cams including plate, face, and cylindrical cams. Cams can have different profiles like pear, circular, or heart shaped depending on how the follower needs to move. Cams are used in applications like engines and looms to control motion. They allow for coordinating large numbers of input/output motions in a compact space.
This document provides an overview of kinematics of mechanisms and machines. It begins by defining kinematics and dynamics, and explaining that kinematics deals with motion without consideration of forces. It then defines mechanisms and machines, and explains that mechanisms transmit motion via links and joints, while machines transmit both motion and force. Common kinematic pairs and chains are described. Finally, methods for analyzing velocity and acceleration in mechanisms are discussed, including graphical construction of velocity vector diagrams.
Sir Joseph Whitworth invented the Whitworth quick return mechanism in the 19th century to convert rotational motion into reciprocating linear motion. The mechanism uses four links - a fixed link, slotted bar, driving crank, and slider - to transform the rotation of a crank into the back-and-forth motion of a cutting tool. As the crank rotates clockwise and counterclockwise, the connected slider moves the tool across its stroke to shape or cut materials. This innovative mechanism is still used today in machine tools like shaper and slotter machines.
The document discusses different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, herringbone gears, rack and pinion gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and planetary gears. It describes the design and function of each gear type, their advantages and disadvantages, and common applications. Spur gears transmit power between parallel shafts and are used in machines, power plants, and automobiles. Helical gears operate more quietly than spur gears and are used in automobile transmissions. Planetary gears can produce different gear ratios and are commonly used in automatic transmissions.
This document discusses different types of joints used to connect rotating or axial parts, including keys, cotters, and knuckle joints. It describes various key types like round, saddle, flat, and splined keys. Cotter joints are used to transmit axial force between two rods and use a tapered cotter strip and sleeve to join rod ends. Knuckle joints allow rotation but cannot sustain compressive forces due to their ability to rotate around the connecting pin. The document provides details on how to construct and draw representations of these different joint types.
- The drive pinion drives the ring gear which is attached to the differential case. When going straight ahead, power is transferred equally to both wheels. When turning a corner, the wheels must travel at different speeds to prevent tire scrubbing, so the differential pinion gears "walk" around the slower side gear to cause the other side gear to turn faster.
- Limited-slip differentials limit the amount of differential action allowed compared to open differentials. They provide more driving force to the wheel with traction when one wheel begins to slip while still allowing wheels to turn at different speeds when cornering.
- In operation, driving torque is transmitted equally to each axle until traction is lost by one wheel. Then
Design of transmission systems by A.Vinoth JebarajVinoth Jebaraj A
This document provides an overview of the design of transmission systems using gears. It discusses various gear types including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and their applications. Key points covered include:
- Gears are used to transmit power between shafts where exact velocity ratio is required. Different gear types are suitable for various center distances and power requirements.
- Proper design of parameters like module, face width, and center distance is important based on the material strength and induced stresses.
- Bevel and worm gears can change the direction of shaft rotation. Bevel gears maintain the axes in the same plane while worm gears provide high speed reduction.
- Gear failures like teeth break
This presentation is about how gears are manufactured.
A brief description about methods of gear manufacturing.
Scaling the methods from primitive ways of gear manufacturing to specialised meyhods like gear hobbing,rolling,by rack type shaper cutter and finally on milling machine.
1. The document discusses different types of threaded fasteners including bolts, nuts, screws, and studs. It covers thread terminology, types of threads, and how to draw and dimension threaded parts.
2. Methods for cutting external and internal threads are described. Metric and imperial thread standards are also outlined.
3. Detailed steps are provided for drawing bolts, nuts, studs, cap screws, and set screws including terminology, applications, and dimensional conventions.
This document discusses different types of gears used in power transmission systems. It describes gears as components that transmit rotational force from one shaft to another. The main types of gears covered are spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and planetary/epicyclic gears. Spur gears have parallel teeth and shafts, while helical gears have angled teeth that operate more smoothly. Bevel gears change the direction of rotation between non-parallel shafts. Worm gears provide large gear reductions. Planetary gears can produce different gear ratios and are used in automatic transmissions.
Coupling and clutches are used to transmit power between shafts, while brakes are used to control machine motion. There are several types of couplings like rigid, sleeve/muff, and flange couplings. Clutches like disc and cone clutches are used to engage and disengage power transmission. Brakes use friction to slow motion and include block, band, and expanding shoe brakes. Couplings connect shafts, clutches selectively engage power transmission, and brakes control motion through friction.
The purpose of this project is to compare the Normal Stresses induced in the Knuckle-Joint due to application of Tensile Force of 12KN by manual calculations and using Ansys Workbench. Also, to find minimum and maximum stress and Deformation in the Joint. In this report, Stresses found analytically are compared with the stresses found by the Analysis Software.
Gears are mechanical devices used to transmit rotational motion and torque between two shafts. The document discusses several types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, hypoid gears, worm gears, rack and pinion gears, and planetary gears. It explains how each type of gear works and common uses for different gear types.
Gears are used to transmit power between two shafts. The main types of gears discussed in the document are spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. Spur gears have straight teeth and transmit power between parallel shafts, while helical gears have slanted teeth which provide smoother operation than spur gears. Bevel gears are used to transmit power between shafts at 90 degree angles. Worm gears provide high gear reductions in a compact space and can self-lock. Rack and pinion gears convert rotational to linear motion.
This presentation briefly tells about the classification of Gears. It includes information about spur, helical, bevel, herringbone, rack and pinion, internal and external gears.
The document discusses key terminology used in limits, fits, and tolerances including:
- Basic size, actual size, limits of size, deviations, tolerance, fundamental deviations, and fundamental tolerances.
- Holes and shafts refer to internal and external features, respectively.
- Fits include clearance, interference, and transition fits depending on how the tolerance zones of the hole and shaft overlap.
- Mass production aims to reduce costs and time through standardized parts, tools, and measurements while ensuring interchangeability.
A clutch connects and disconnects a vehicle's engine from its transmission. It allows the driver to smoothly start from a stop, change gears, and stop the vehicle while in gear. A clutch operates using friction between two surfaces - the clutch disc and pressure plate. When engaged, spring pressure holds the surfaces together to transmit torque. When disengaged by pressing the clutch pedal, the pressure is released and power is cut off. Common types are single and multi-plate clutches, with multi-plate versions able to transmit more torque due to multiple friction surfaces.
Bevel gears are used to transmit motion between two intersecting shafts at any angle. The design procedure involves selecting materials, tooth profiles, and module based on requirements and strength calculations. Bevel gears are then designed with the proper diameters, cone distance, and face width. Design is checked for surface and bending stresses. Bevel gears are commonly used in differentials and hand drills to change the direction of rotation. They allow transmission of power between non-parallel shafts but require precise mounting and bearings.
Coupling clutch brake for mechanical engineering ZadafiyaMeet
This document discusses various types of couplings, clutches, and brakes used for power transmission. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve couplings and flange couplings. Flexible couplings discussed include bushed pin flange couplings, Oldham couplings, and universal couplings. Clutches described are jaw, disc, cone, and centrifugal clutches. Finally, the document outlines different brake types including block, band, and internal expanding shoe brakes.
The document discusses various types of couplings, clutches, and brakes used for power transmission. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve, split muff, and flange couplings that connect shafts in perfect alignment. Flexible couplings like bush pin, Oldham, and universal joints are also covered, which allow for some misalignment between shafts. Various clutches and brakes used to control motion like disc, cone, centrifugal, band, and internal shoe brakes are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of kinematics of mechanisms and machines. It begins by defining kinematics and dynamics, and explaining that kinematics deals with motion without consideration of forces. It then defines mechanisms and machines, and explains that mechanisms transmit motion via links and joints, while machines transmit both motion and force. Common kinematic pairs and chains are described. Finally, methods for analyzing velocity and acceleration in mechanisms are discussed, including graphical construction of velocity vector diagrams.
Sir Joseph Whitworth invented the Whitworth quick return mechanism in the 19th century to convert rotational motion into reciprocating linear motion. The mechanism uses four links - a fixed link, slotted bar, driving crank, and slider - to transform the rotation of a crank into the back-and-forth motion of a cutting tool. As the crank rotates clockwise and counterclockwise, the connected slider moves the tool across its stroke to shape or cut materials. This innovative mechanism is still used today in machine tools like shaper and slotter machines.
The document discusses different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, herringbone gears, rack and pinion gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and planetary gears. It describes the design and function of each gear type, their advantages and disadvantages, and common applications. Spur gears transmit power between parallel shafts and are used in machines, power plants, and automobiles. Helical gears operate more quietly than spur gears and are used in automobile transmissions. Planetary gears can produce different gear ratios and are commonly used in automatic transmissions.
This document discusses different types of joints used to connect rotating or axial parts, including keys, cotters, and knuckle joints. It describes various key types like round, saddle, flat, and splined keys. Cotter joints are used to transmit axial force between two rods and use a tapered cotter strip and sleeve to join rod ends. Knuckle joints allow rotation but cannot sustain compressive forces due to their ability to rotate around the connecting pin. The document provides details on how to construct and draw representations of these different joint types.
- The drive pinion drives the ring gear which is attached to the differential case. When going straight ahead, power is transferred equally to both wheels. When turning a corner, the wheels must travel at different speeds to prevent tire scrubbing, so the differential pinion gears "walk" around the slower side gear to cause the other side gear to turn faster.
- Limited-slip differentials limit the amount of differential action allowed compared to open differentials. They provide more driving force to the wheel with traction when one wheel begins to slip while still allowing wheels to turn at different speeds when cornering.
- In operation, driving torque is transmitted equally to each axle until traction is lost by one wheel. Then
Design of transmission systems by A.Vinoth JebarajVinoth Jebaraj A
This document provides an overview of the design of transmission systems using gears. It discusses various gear types including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and their applications. Key points covered include:
- Gears are used to transmit power between shafts where exact velocity ratio is required. Different gear types are suitable for various center distances and power requirements.
- Proper design of parameters like module, face width, and center distance is important based on the material strength and induced stresses.
- Bevel and worm gears can change the direction of shaft rotation. Bevel gears maintain the axes in the same plane while worm gears provide high speed reduction.
- Gear failures like teeth break
This presentation is about how gears are manufactured.
A brief description about methods of gear manufacturing.
Scaling the methods from primitive ways of gear manufacturing to specialised meyhods like gear hobbing,rolling,by rack type shaper cutter and finally on milling machine.
1. The document discusses different types of threaded fasteners including bolts, nuts, screws, and studs. It covers thread terminology, types of threads, and how to draw and dimension threaded parts.
2. Methods for cutting external and internal threads are described. Metric and imperial thread standards are also outlined.
3. Detailed steps are provided for drawing bolts, nuts, studs, cap screws, and set screws including terminology, applications, and dimensional conventions.
This document discusses different types of gears used in power transmission systems. It describes gears as components that transmit rotational force from one shaft to another. The main types of gears covered are spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and planetary/epicyclic gears. Spur gears have parallel teeth and shafts, while helical gears have angled teeth that operate more smoothly. Bevel gears change the direction of rotation between non-parallel shafts. Worm gears provide large gear reductions. Planetary gears can produce different gear ratios and are used in automatic transmissions.
Coupling and clutches are used to transmit power between shafts, while brakes are used to control machine motion. There are several types of couplings like rigid, sleeve/muff, and flange couplings. Clutches like disc and cone clutches are used to engage and disengage power transmission. Brakes use friction to slow motion and include block, band, and expanding shoe brakes. Couplings connect shafts, clutches selectively engage power transmission, and brakes control motion through friction.
The purpose of this project is to compare the Normal Stresses induced in the Knuckle-Joint due to application of Tensile Force of 12KN by manual calculations and using Ansys Workbench. Also, to find minimum and maximum stress and Deformation in the Joint. In this report, Stresses found analytically are compared with the stresses found by the Analysis Software.
Gears are mechanical devices used to transmit rotational motion and torque between two shafts. The document discusses several types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, hypoid gears, worm gears, rack and pinion gears, and planetary gears. It explains how each type of gear works and common uses for different gear types.
Gears are used to transmit power between two shafts. The main types of gears discussed in the document are spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. Spur gears have straight teeth and transmit power between parallel shafts, while helical gears have slanted teeth which provide smoother operation than spur gears. Bevel gears are used to transmit power between shafts at 90 degree angles. Worm gears provide high gear reductions in a compact space and can self-lock. Rack and pinion gears convert rotational to linear motion.
This presentation briefly tells about the classification of Gears. It includes information about spur, helical, bevel, herringbone, rack and pinion, internal and external gears.
The document discusses key terminology used in limits, fits, and tolerances including:
- Basic size, actual size, limits of size, deviations, tolerance, fundamental deviations, and fundamental tolerances.
- Holes and shafts refer to internal and external features, respectively.
- Fits include clearance, interference, and transition fits depending on how the tolerance zones of the hole and shaft overlap.
- Mass production aims to reduce costs and time through standardized parts, tools, and measurements while ensuring interchangeability.
A clutch connects and disconnects a vehicle's engine from its transmission. It allows the driver to smoothly start from a stop, change gears, and stop the vehicle while in gear. A clutch operates using friction between two surfaces - the clutch disc and pressure plate. When engaged, spring pressure holds the surfaces together to transmit torque. When disengaged by pressing the clutch pedal, the pressure is released and power is cut off. Common types are single and multi-plate clutches, with multi-plate versions able to transmit more torque due to multiple friction surfaces.
Bevel gears are used to transmit motion between two intersecting shafts at any angle. The design procedure involves selecting materials, tooth profiles, and module based on requirements and strength calculations. Bevel gears are then designed with the proper diameters, cone distance, and face width. Design is checked for surface and bending stresses. Bevel gears are commonly used in differentials and hand drills to change the direction of rotation. They allow transmission of power between non-parallel shafts but require precise mounting and bearings.
Coupling clutch brake for mechanical engineering ZadafiyaMeet
This document discusses various types of couplings, clutches, and brakes used for power transmission. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve couplings and flange couplings. Flexible couplings discussed include bushed pin flange couplings, Oldham couplings, and universal couplings. Clutches described are jaw, disc, cone, and centrifugal clutches. Finally, the document outlines different brake types including block, band, and internal expanding shoe brakes.
The document discusses various types of couplings, clutches, and brakes used for power transmission. It describes rigid couplings like sleeve, split muff, and flange couplings that connect shafts in perfect alignment. Flexible couplings like bush pin, Oldham, and universal joints are also covered, which allow for some misalignment between shafts. Various clutches and brakes used to control motion like disc, cone, centrifugal, band, and internal shoe brakes are also summarized.
A coupling connects two rotating shafts to transmit power while allowing for some misalignment. There are many types of couplings including sleeve, flange, gear, and flexible couplings. A bearing supports rotating machinery and reduces friction by facilitating only the desired motion. Common types of bearings include ball, roller, thrust ball, and roller thrust bearings.
Couplings are used to connect two shafts together for power transmission. The main types are rigid couplings for aligned shafts, like flanged, split, and keyed couplings, and flexible couplings for misaligned shafts, like universal joints, jaw couplings, and fluid couplings. Flexible couplings allow for minor axial, angular, and parallel misalignment between shafts. Common flexible couplings include muff/sleeve couplings, which connect shafts inside a hollow cylinder, and Oldham couplings, which use grooved connecting pieces to join parallel shafts that may be eccentric.
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together for transmitting power. Couplings come in two main types: rigid and flexible. Rigid couplings provide a precise connection between shafts and maximize performance, while flexible couplings allow for some misalignment. Careful selection, installation, and maintenance of couplings can reduce costs and downtime.
This document discusses different types of shaft couplings, including rigid couplings like sleeve, clamp, and flange couplings as well as flexible couplings like bushed pin, universal, and Oldham couplings. It describes the purpose of couplings in connecting shafts and allowing for misalignment while transmitting motion. Requirements for good shaft couplings include easy connection/disconnection, full power transmission without losses, holding shafts in alignment, and reducing shock loads. The document concludes with information on coupling maintenance through inspection and lubrication and potential failure modes from improper installation or operation beyond design capabilities.
This document discusses different types of power transmission elements including couplings, clutches, and brakes. It describes various coupling types such as rigid couplings (sleeve, clamp, and flange) and flexible couplings (bushed pin type flange, universal, and Oldham). Friction and positive contact clutches are examined along with examples like disc, cone, and centrifugal friction clutches and jaw positive contact clutches. Finally, common brake types are defined including block, band, internal expanding shoe, and disc brakes.
Clutch is a mechanism which enables the rotary motion of one shaft to be transmitted, when desired, to a second shaft the axis of which is coincident with that of first.
Clutch is used to engage or disengage the engine to the transmission or gear box.
The document discusses different types of couplings, clutches, and brakes used in mechanical systems. It provides details on:
1) Two main types of couplings - rigid and flexible. Rigid couplings include sleeve, clamp, and flange couplings. Flexible couplings allow for misalignment and include bushed pin, universal, and Oldham couplings.
2) Common clutches like disc, cone, and centrifugal clutches. Disc clutches have two flanges while cone clutches use internal and external cones. Centrifugal clutches engage shoes using centrifugal force.
3) Brake types like block, band, and internal expanding shoe brakes. Block brakes use single or double blocks
This document provides an overview of clutches for a class presentation. It defines clutches as power transmission elements used to transmit power from one shaft to another. The document then describes different types of clutches including mechanical, positive contact, friction, pneumatic, hydraulic, and electromagnetic clutches. It provides examples of specific clutches like disc clutches, cone clutches, centrifugal clutches, and jaw clutches; and explains their basic designs and applications.
This document presents information on couplings, clutches, and brakes. It discusses different types of couplings like sleeve couplings, flange couplings, and universal couplings. It also describes clutches such as disc clutches, cone clutches, and centrifugal clutches. Finally, it covers brakes including block brakes, band brakes, and expanding shoe brakes. The document provides details on the components, operation, and applications of these power transmission elements.
The document discusses different types of clutches. It defines a clutch as a mechanical device that engages and disengages power transmission between two rotating shafts. There are several types of clutches discussed including cone clutches, centrifugal clutches, and friction clutches. The document also explains how clutches work using the principal of friction to transmit power between a driving shaft and driven shaft. Advantages and uses of clutches are mentioned.
The document summarizes different types of mechanical drives used to transmit motion and power between shafts, including belt drives, chain drives, and gear drives. It describes the components, uses, and advantages of various belt configurations like flat belts, V-belts, circular belts, open belt drives, crossed belt drives, and compound belt drives. Chain drives and different types of gears - spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears - are also explained in terms of their construction and applications. Group drives and individual drives are identified as the main methods used for power transmission in workshops.
The document discusses various components that connect the transmission to the drive wheels, including the propeller shaft, universal joints, constant velocity joints, and slip joints. It provides details on the construction and function of each component. The propeller shaft transmits power from the transmission to the rear differential. Universal joints and constant velocity joints allow the shaft to transmit power through varying angles, while slip joints allow adjustments to the shaft length during vehicle movement.
Brakes and clutches are mechanical devices used to control the transmission of power between rotating shafts. Clutches connect and disconnect power transmission, while brakes slow down and stop motion. There are several types of clutches and brakes that operate through different mechanisms, including friction plates, bands, cones, centrifugal forces, and expanding shoes or blocks. Common examples used in vehicles and machinery include disc brakes, drum brakes, band brakes, jaw clutches, and centrifugal clutches.
The document provides information about different types of clutches used in vehicle transmissions. It discusses the basic components and functions of clutches, including:
1. Clutches connect two rotating shafts and allow them to either be locked together to transmit power or decoupled to spin at different speeds. In vehicles, the clutch connects the engine to the transmission.
2. Common types of clutches include friction clutches (single or multi-plate), centrifugal, hydraulic, positive, vacuum, and electromagnetic clutches.
3. The main components of a clutch are the driving member (flywheel), driven member (clutch plate or disk), and operating member (pedal or lever). Friction
A clutch is a mechanism that connects two rotating shafts and allows them to be engaged and disengaged. There are several types of clutches, but the most common for vehicles are multi-plate friction clutches that use interleaved plates pressed together by springs or hydraulics. Other types include centrifugal and cone clutches, which are used in applications like lawnmowers, chainsaws, and motorcycles to prevent stalling under load. Dog clutches lock two rotating components together without slippage through interference fitting.
Introduction to Mechanical Engineering_BME_Unit 1nilesh sadaphal
Unit I of the document provides an introduction to basic mechanical elements and power transmission devices commonly used in mechanical engineering. It discusses components like shafts, keys, couplings, bearings, gears, belts, chains and clutches. Shafts are used to transmit torque or motion while axles provide support without rotation. Keys are used to prevent relative rotation between a shaft and mounted component. Couplings connect shafts to transmit torque and can allow for misalignment. Bearings support loads and enable rotation with low friction. Belts, chains and gears transmit power between shafts with varying capabilities for load, speed and alignment. Clutches connect and disconnect power transmission while brakes are used to stop or slow motion.
1. The document discusses different types of clutches and gears used in mechanical devices. It describes several kinds of clutches including friction clutches, dog clutches, cone clutches, overrunning clutches, safety clutches, centrifugal clutches, hydraulic clutches, and electromagnetic clutches.
2. It also outlines various types of gears such as spur gears, helical gears, worm gears, bevel gears, and idler gears. Spur gears have straight teeth while helical gears have slanted teeth. Worm gears are always the drive gear. Bevel gears transfer motion through 90 degree angles. Idler gears are used in reverse gear trains to transfer motion without changing rotational direction.
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together to transmit power while allowing for some misalignment. There are two main types of couplings: rigid couplings, which do not allow for disconnection or misalignment, and flexible couplings, which can accommodate misalignment between shafts. Flexible couplings function by transmitting power between shafts while allowing for various types of misalignment, including angular, offset, and axial misalignment. Examples of flexible couplings include flanged pin bush couplings, elastomeric couplings, gear tooth couplings, and Oldham couplings.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
2. Couplings
What is Coupling?
A Coupling is a device used to connect or
couple two shaft.
Shaft are mostly available upto 7 meters
length due to transport difficulty.
To get a greater length, it is necessary
to joint two or more pieces of the shaft
using coupling.
3. What is the purposes of coupling?
1) To connect shafts of motor and generator
which are manufactured separately and to
provide for disconnection for repairs or
alternations.
2) To reduce the transmission of shock loads
from one shaft to another.
3) To allow misalignment of the shaft or to
introduce mechanical flexibility.
4) To introduce protection against overloads.
4. COUPLINGSCOUPLINGS
Rigid CouplingRigid Coupling Flexible CouplingFlexible Coupling
Sleeve or muffSleeve or muff
couplingcoupling
Flange couplingFlange coupling
Unprotected TypeUnprotected Type
Bush pin type FlangeBush pin type Flange
couplingcoupling
Universal couplingUniversal coupling
Oldham couplingOldham coupling
Clamp or split muff orClamp or split muff or
compression couplingcompression coupling
Protected TypeProtected Type
6. Sleeve or muff couplingSleeve or muff coupling
This is the simplest type of rigid coupling.
It is made from cast iron and very simple to design and
manufacture.
It consists of a hollow cylinder whose inner diameter is
the same as diameter of the shaft .
The hollow cylinder id fitted over the ends of the two
shafts with the help of taper sunk key.
A key and sleeve useful to transmit power from one shaft
to the other shaft.
It has no projecting parts. The main disadvantage of this
coupling is that it is difficult to assemble when there is no
perfect alignment between shafts.
7. Sleeve or muff coupling
Key
Shaft B
Shaft A Sleeve (muff)
Key
Shaft B
Shaft A
Sleeve (muff)
Sleeve (muff)
Shaft BShaft A
Key
8. Split muff couplingSplit muff coupling
(clamp coupling)(clamp coupling)
In this coupling, the muff or sleeve is made into
two halves parts of cast iron and they are join
together by means of mild steel studs or bolts
and nuts.
The advantages of this coupling is that
assembling or disassembling of the coupling is
possible without change the position of shaft.
This coupling is used for heavy power
transmission at moderate speed.
9. Flange coupling
This coupling is having two separate cast iron Flanges as
shown in figure a unprotected type flange coupling.
Each flange is mounted on the shaft end and keyed to it.
The two flanges are coupled together by hep of bolts and
nuts.
The projected portion of one of the flange and
corresponding recess on other flange are help to bring
the shafts into line and to maintain alignment.
A flange provided with shroud which shelters the bolt
heads and nuts as shown in figure is called protected type
flange coupling.
This flange coupling is most accurate and rigid. The
coupling provide the strong connection of shafts.
12. Bush pin type Flange couplingBush pin type Flange coupling
This is a modified form of protected type flange coupling.
This type of coupling has a pins and it work as a coupling
bolts.
The rubber or leather bushes are used over the pipes. The
coupling is having two halves are dissimilar in
construction as shown in figure.
The pins are rigidly fastened by nuts to one of the flange
and kept loose in the other flange.
This coupling is used to connect of shaft which having the
small parallel misalignment, angular misalignment and
axial displacement.
In this coupling rubber bush absorbs shocks and vibration
during its operation.
14. Oldham’s couplingOldham’s coupling
It consists of two flange A and B with slots and a central
floating disc E as shown in Figure .
The disc E having tongues T1 and T2 at right angles. The
tongues T1 is fitted into the slot of float A and allows
horizontal sliding relative motion while the tongues T2 is
fitted into the slot of the flange B and allow for vertical
sliding relative motion.
This right angle motions of tongues on the slots will
accommodate lateral misalignment of shaft when they
rotate.
Oldham’s coupling is used in connecting two parallel
shafts but not in alignment, and their axis are at small
distance apart.
16. Universal coupling or Hooke’s JointUniversal coupling or Hooke’s Joint
Universal coupling consists of two similar forks keyed on
the ends of the two shafts as shown in figure.
These two forks are assembled to a central block by pin. A
central block having two arms at right angle to each
other.
Universal coupling is used to connect two shafts whose
axis intersect.
It two used to connect two shafts, where the angle the
angle between two shafts may be varied when they rotate.
The universal coupling is widely used in automobile and
machine tools.
19. What is clutch?What is clutch?
A A clutchclutch is a mechanical device that provides for the transmission of is a mechanical device that provides for the transmission of
power (and therefore usually motion) from one component (the drivingpower (and therefore usually motion) from one component (the driving
member) to another (the driven member) when engaged, but can bemember) to another (the driven member) when engaged, but can be
disengaged.disengaged.
In the simplest application, clutches connect and disconnect two rotatingIn the simplest application, clutches connect and disconnect two rotating
shafts (shafts (drive shaftsdrive shafts or or line shaftsline shafts). In these devices, one shaft is typically). In these devices, one shaft is typically
attached to a motor or other power unit (the driving member) while theattached to a motor or other power unit (the driving member) while the
other shaft (the driven member) provides output power for work. Whileother shaft (the driven member) provides output power for work. While
typically the motions involved are rotary, linear clutches are also possible.typically the motions involved are rotary, linear clutches are also possible.
In a torque-controlled drill, for instance, one shaft is driven by a motor andIn a torque-controlled drill, for instance, one shaft is driven by a motor and
the other drives a drill chuck. The clutch connects the two shafts so thatthe other drives a drill chuck. The clutch connects the two shafts so that
they may be locked together and spin at the same speed (engaged), lockedthey may be locked together and spin at the same speed (engaged), locked
together but spinning at different speeds (slipping), or unlocked and spinningtogether but spinning at different speeds (slipping), or unlocked and spinning
at different speeds (disengaged).at different speeds (disengaged).
22. Friction clutchesFriction clutches
It is used to transmit the power between
two machine shaft which may require to
stop or start frequently.
In automobiles Friction clutch is used to
connect the engine to the driven shaft.
In operating such a clutch, care should be
taken so that the friction surfaces engage
easily and gradually brings the driven up
to proper speed.
23. Disc clutch (single plate clutch)Disc clutch (single plate clutch)
It consists of two flanges. One is keyed rigidly to the
driving shaft, other is fitted to the driven shaft by splines
so that it can slide on shaft.
In normal operation, both shaft remains engage due to
spring force.
Single disc clutches are used in automobiles.
When large torque transmission is required, The multi disc
clutch is used. Multi disc clutch has more number of
contact surfaces disc on driving and driven shaft.
25. Cone ClutchCone Clutch
The cone clutch consists of two cones, one
internal cone fixed to driving shaft, another cone
fitted on the driven shaft which is free to slide
axially on the driven shaft.
The clutch is engaged by bringing two conical
surface in contact. Torque is transmitted by the
friction between contact surfaces of cone.
The main advantage of this clutch is, it’s very
simple and require less axial pressure to
disengage the clutch
27. Centrifugal ClutchCentrifugal Clutch
The centrifugal type clutch is a automated type
clutch, which operates on the basis of the Engine
speed.
The clutch is automatically engaged and driven
equipment is smoothly brought up to the
operating speed.
This clutches are highly useful for heavy loads
(Large Machines) where the motor cannot be
started under the load.
29. Positive Contact ClutchPositive Contact Clutch
This type of clutch engaged or disengaged without slip.
Therefore is known as Positive Contact Clutch. This clutch
is not suitable where Gradual engagement and
disengagement is required without stopping the Driving
Shaft.
30. The Jaw ClutchThe Jaw Clutch
It consists of segmental projections or dogs on one of the
flange and corresponding recess on other flange on driven
shaft.
The sliding flange engaged with the fixed flange to
transmit the mmotion and power from driving shaft to the
driven shaft.
This clutch is used for transmission of power in
agricultural equipments like tractors, threshers, etc.
33. Defination :Defination :
A Brake is a mechanical device which
produce friction resistance against moving
machine member,in order to slow down or
stop the motion of machine.
35. Block Brakes :Block Brakes :
1) Single block or shoe brake:
A single block is consist of a
block which is pressed against the
rim of revolving brake wheel drum.it
is used in railway trains & tram cars.
37. 2) Double block or shoe brake:
it consist of two brake blocks at the opposite ends
of the wheel.
these shoes apply force to both the sides of wheel
and reduces the
unbalanced force on the shaft.
it is used in electric cranes.
39. Band Brake:Band Brake:
A band brake consist of a flexible steel band lined
with friction
material,which wrap to the brake drum. when
upward forces applied
to the lever end, the lever turns about the fulcrum
pin and tightens
the band on the drum and hence the brakes are
applied.
41. Internal expanding shoe brake:Internal expanding shoe brake:
An internal expanding shoe brake consist of two
shoes.
The outer surface of the shoes are covered with
friction material.
Each shoe pivoted at one end about a fixed
fulcrum and other end rest against cam.
The friction between the shoes and the drum
produced the braking torque.
It is used in motor cars and light trucks.
43. Disc Brake:Disc Brake:
Disc brakes are different from drum brakes in that the
drum is replaced by a circular metal disc and the brake
shoe are replaced by a caliper which supports a pair of
friction pads, one on each side of disc.
These pads are forced inward by the operating force and
also retard the disc.