this is the brief description of the 8085 microprocessor. in this ppt, I described the key features of 8085, architecture, pin diagram, interfacing, timing diagram, some program, etc. I have also discussed the memory interfacing of 8085 microprocessor.
Semiconductor Memory Fundamentals
Memory Types
Memory Structure and its requirements
Memory Decoding
Examples
Input - Output Interfacing
Types of Parallel Data Transfer or I/O Techniques
this is the brief description of the 8085 microprocessor. in this ppt, I described the key features of 8085, architecture, pin diagram, interfacing, timing diagram, some program, etc. I have also discussed the memory interfacing of 8085 microprocessor.
Semiconductor Memory Fundamentals
Memory Types
Memory Structure and its requirements
Memory Decoding
Examples
Input - Output Interfacing
Types of Parallel Data Transfer or I/O Techniques
PIC A special purpose integrated circuit that function as an overall manager in an interrupt driven system.
It accepts request from the peripheral equipment,determines which of the incoming request is of the highest priority, ascertains whether the incoming request has a higher priority value than the level currently being serviced, and issues an interrupt to the CPU based on this determination.
8051 timer counter
Introduction
TMOD Register
TCON Register
Modes of Operation
Counters
The microcontroller 8051 has two 16 bit Timer/ Counter registers namely Timer 0 (T0) and Timer 1 (T1) .
When used as a “Timer” the microcontroller is programmed to count the internal clock pulse.
When used as a “Counter” the microcontroller is programmed to count external pulses.
Maximum count rate is 1/24 of the oscillator frequency.
PIC A special purpose integrated circuit that function as an overall manager in an interrupt driven system.
It accepts request from the peripheral equipment,determines which of the incoming request is of the highest priority, ascertains whether the incoming request has a higher priority value than the level currently being serviced, and issues an interrupt to the CPU based on this determination.
8051 timer counter
Introduction
TMOD Register
TCON Register
Modes of Operation
Counters
The microcontroller 8051 has two 16 bit Timer/ Counter registers namely Timer 0 (T0) and Timer 1 (T1) .
When used as a “Timer” the microcontroller is programmed to count the internal clock pulse.
When used as a “Counter” the microcontroller is programmed to count external pulses.
Maximum count rate is 1/24 of the oscillator frequency.
A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together.
It is a central processing unit etched on a single chip.A single integrated circuit has all the functional components of a cpu namely ALU,CONTROL UNIT & REGISTERS
The word comes from the combination micro and processor.
Processor means a device that processes whatever. In this context processor means a device that processes numbers, specifically binary numbers, 0’s and 1’s.
To process means to manipulate. It is a general term that describes all manipulation. Again in this content, it means to perform certain operations on the numbers that depend on the microprocessor’s design.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
8085 Interfacing with I/O Devices or Memory
1. 8085:
INTERFACING WITH
I/O DEVICE OR
MEMORY
PRESENTED BY-
APUL RANJAN SAIKIA (CSE-08/14)
PARISMITA BHARALI (CSE-37/14)
PARTHA PRATIM BARMAN (CSE-38/14)
SAUMAY PAUL (CSE-50/14)
SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLERS
2. INTERFACING MEMORY CHIPS
WITH 8085
Interfacing is a technique through which two separate components
of a computer system exchange information or interact with each
other.
Interfacing a microprocessor is to connect the microprocessor to
various peripherals to perform operations to obtain output.
Two types of interfacing can be done with the 8085 microprocessor
- Memory interfacing
-I/O interfacing
3. INTERFACING MEMORY CHIPS
WITH 8085
8085 has 16 address lines
Hence, 216 = 64KB of memory locations can be interfaced with it.
The memory address ranges from 0000H to FFFFH.
Control Signals for memory
When is IO/ M high, both memory control signals are deactivated irrespective
of the status of RD and WR signals.
4. INTERFACE AN IC 2764 WITH 8085 USING NAND GATE ADDRESS DECODER SUCH
THAT THE ADDRESS RANGE ALLOCATED TO THE CHIP IS 0000H – 1FFFH.
Specification of IC 2764:
8 KB (8 x 2 ^ 10 byte) EPROM chip
13 address lines (2 ^ 13 bytes = 8 KB)
Interfacing:
13 address lines of IC are connected to the corresponding address lines of 8085.
Remaining address lines of 8085 are connected to address decoder formed using logic gates, the
output of which is connected to the CE pin of IC.
Address range allocated to the chip is shown in Table.
Chip is enabled whenever the 8085 places an address allocated to EPROM chip in the address bus.
This is shown in Fig..
6. INTERFACE A 6264 IC (8K X 8 RAM) WITH THE 8085 USING NAND GATE DECODER
SUCH THAT THE STARTING ADDRESS ASSIGNED TO THE CHIP IS 4000H.
Specification of IC 6264:
8K x 8 RAM
8 KB = 2 ^ 13 bytes
13 address lines
The ending address of the chip is 5FFFH (since 4000H + 1FFFH = 5FFFH).
When the address 4000H to 5FFFH are written in binary form, the values in the lines A15, A14, A13 are
0, 1 and 0 respectively.
The NAND gate is designed such that when the lines A15 and A13 carry 0 and A14 carries 1, the output
of the NAND gate is 0.
The NAND gate output is in turn connected to the pin of the RAM chip.
A NAND output of 0 selects the RAM chip for read or write operation, since CE2 is already 1 because of
its connection to +5V. Fig. shows the interfacing of IC 6264 with the 8085.
8. INTERFACE TWO 6116 ICS WITH THE 8085 USING 74LS138 DECODER SUCH THAT THE
STARTING ADDRESSES ASSIGNED TO THEM ARE 8000H AND 9000H, RESPECTIVELY.
Specification of IC 6116:
2 K x 8 RAM
2 KB = 2 ^ 11 bytes
11 address lines
A0 – A10 lines of 8085 are connected to 11 address lines of the RAM chips.
Three address lines of 8085 having specific value for a particular RAM are connected to the
three select inputs (C, B and A) of 74LS138 decoder.
Table shows that A13=A12=A11=0 for the address assigned to RAM 1 and A13=0, A12=1 and
A11=0 for the address assigned to RAM 2.
Remaining lines of 8085 which are constant for the address range assigned to the two RAM are
connected to the enable inputs of decoder.
9. When 8085 places any address between 8000H and 87FFH in the address bus, the select inputs
C, B and A of the decoder are all 0. The Y0 output of the decoder is also 0, selecting RAM 1.
When 8085 places any address between 9000H and 97FFH in the address bus, the select inputs
C, B and A of the decoder are 0, 1 and 0. The Y2 output of the decoder is also 0, selecting RAM 2.
11. PERIPHERAL MAPPED I/O
INTERFACING
In this method, the I/O devices are treated differently from
memory chips.
The control signals I/O read ( IOR ) and I/O write ( IOW), are used
to activate input and output devices.
IN instruction is used to access input device and OUT instruction is
used to access output device.
Each I/O device is identified by a unique 8-bit address assigned to
it; a maximum of 256 (28
) input devices and 256 output devices can
be interfaced with 8085.
Generation of IOR and IOW signals
12. STATUS OF IOR AND IOW SIGNALS IN 8085
PERIPHERAL MAPPED I/O
INTERFACING
INTERFACING AN 8-BIT DIP SWITCH WITH THE 8085 SUCH THAT THE ADDRESS ASSIGNED TO THE DIP SWITCH IS F0H.
F0H in the lines A0 – A7; copy of it in
A8 – A15
IOR signal is activated
Data in the data bus is read and store in
the accumulator
A0 – A7 lines are connected to NAND gate;
O/P of NAND gate is 0.
O/P of NAND gate is ORed with the IOR signal.
O/P of OR gate is connected to 1G and 2G of
the 74LS244.
74LS244 enabled; data in data bus of 8085.
8085 read & store data in the accumulator.
13. MEMORY MAPPED I/O
INTERFACING
8085 uses its 16 bit address bus to identify a memory location.
Memory address space : 0000H to FFFFH
8085 needs to identify I/O devices also .
I/O device can be interfaced using addresses from memory space .
8085 treats such an I/O device as a memory location.
This is called Memory mapped I/O.
14. MEMORY MAPPED I/O
INTERFACING
Memory mapped i/o instruction:
i/o device are identified by 16 bit addresses .
8085 communicates with an i/o device as if it were one of the memory
location memory related instruction are use
Ex: LDA,STA
LDA 8000H= load A with data read from input device with 16 bit
address 8000H
STA 8001H= store contents of A to output device with 16 bit address
8001H
15. INTERFACING 8-BIT DIP
SWITCH WITH 8085
address lines are connected to AND
gates.
output of these gates along with MEMR
signal are connected to a NAND gate,
when the address F0F0H is placed in the
address bus and MEMR = 0 its output
becomes 0; enables the buffer 74LS244.
data from the DIP switch is placed in
the 8085 data bus.
8085 reads the data from the data bus
and stores it in the accumulator.