The dental pulp is loose connective tissue located in the center of the tooth that contains blood vessels, nerves, and cells like odontoblasts. It has formative, nutritive, protective, and defensive functions. Over time, the pulp undergoes changes like decreased size and vascularity, increased calcification in the form of pulp stones or diffuse deposits, and reduced vitality.
Coronal and radicular pulp
Apical foramen
Accessory canal
Functions of dental pulp
Components of dental pulp
Functions of pulpal extracellular matrix
Organization of cells in the pulp
The principle cells of the pulp
The pathways of collagen synthesis
Matrix and ground substances
Vasculature and lymphatic supply
Innervation of Dentin- pulp complex
Disorders of the dental pulp
Advances in pulp vitality testing
The document discusses the anatomy and features of dental pulp. It describes the pulp as a soft connective tissue occupying the pulp cavity at the center of teeth. The pulp is divided into coronal and radicular pulp. The coronal pulp is in the pulp chamber while the radicular pulp occupies the root canals. The document outlines the cell types found in pulp, including odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and immune cells. It also discusses the structural organization and development of pulp.
The document summarizes the developmental stages of tooth formation from initiation to eruption. It begins with the formation of the dental lamina from the oral epithelium, which proliferates to form tooth buds. Tooth buds develop through bud, cap and bell stages as the enamel organ, dental papilla and dental sac form. During the bell stage, histodifferentiation occurs as enamel and dentin are produced. Root formation is guided by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Tooth development is complete after apposition and eruption of the tooth into the oral cavity. Common anomalies discussed include variations in tooth size and number.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The periodontal ligament is a specialized connective tissue that connects teeth to the alveolar bone of the jaws. It is composed of cells, collagen fibers, blood vessels and nerves. The collagen fibers are arranged in bundles and attach to both the cementum covering the tooth root and the overlying alveolar bone. The periodontal ligament functions to attach teeth, absorb chewing forces, maintain the position of teeth, and allow limited tooth movement through the remodeling of its collagen fibers.
The document discusses the alveolar bone, including its definition, composition, structure, cells, blood supply, and changes associated with orthodontic forces. It notes that alveolar bone surrounds and supports the teeth sockets. It is composed primarily of inorganic minerals and collagen. Microscopically, it contains osteons arranged in concentric lamellae around Haversian canals. Osteoblasts build bone while osteoclasts resorb it, maintaining a constant state of remodeling. The alveolar bone has a rich blood supply from the superior and inferior alveolar arteries and drains via lymph vessels. Orthodontic forces induce changes in the bone's morphology and turnover.
Here are some suggested du'as before and after studying, and during exams:
Before studying:
اللهم أعني على ذكرك وشكرك وحسن عبادتك
O Allah, help me remember You, be grateful to You and worship You in the best way.
اللهم بارك لي في علمي وزدني من فضلك وانفعني بما علمت
O Allah, bless me in my knowledge, increase me in Your bounty and benefit me with what I
The document provides an overview of the pulp-dentin complex, including dentin and pulp. It discusses the physical and chemical properties of dentin, its structure including dentinal tubules and types of dentin. Dentinogenesis and age-related changes are also covered. The morphology, development, zones and cell types in pulp are summarized. The document establishes that dentin and pulp are embryologically, histologically and functionally the same tissue and should be considered as a complex.
Coronal and radicular pulp
Apical foramen
Accessory canal
Functions of dental pulp
Components of dental pulp
Functions of pulpal extracellular matrix
Organization of cells in the pulp
The principle cells of the pulp
The pathways of collagen synthesis
Matrix and ground substances
Vasculature and lymphatic supply
Innervation of Dentin- pulp complex
Disorders of the dental pulp
Advances in pulp vitality testing
The document discusses the anatomy and features of dental pulp. It describes the pulp as a soft connective tissue occupying the pulp cavity at the center of teeth. The pulp is divided into coronal and radicular pulp. The coronal pulp is in the pulp chamber while the radicular pulp occupies the root canals. The document outlines the cell types found in pulp, including odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and immune cells. It also discusses the structural organization and development of pulp.
The document summarizes the developmental stages of tooth formation from initiation to eruption. It begins with the formation of the dental lamina from the oral epithelium, which proliferates to form tooth buds. Tooth buds develop through bud, cap and bell stages as the enamel organ, dental papilla and dental sac form. During the bell stage, histodifferentiation occurs as enamel and dentin are produced. Root formation is guided by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Tooth development is complete after apposition and eruption of the tooth into the oral cavity. Common anomalies discussed include variations in tooth size and number.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The periodontal ligament is a specialized connective tissue that connects teeth to the alveolar bone of the jaws. It is composed of cells, collagen fibers, blood vessels and nerves. The collagen fibers are arranged in bundles and attach to both the cementum covering the tooth root and the overlying alveolar bone. The periodontal ligament functions to attach teeth, absorb chewing forces, maintain the position of teeth, and allow limited tooth movement through the remodeling of its collagen fibers.
The document discusses the alveolar bone, including its definition, composition, structure, cells, blood supply, and changes associated with orthodontic forces. It notes that alveolar bone surrounds and supports the teeth sockets. It is composed primarily of inorganic minerals and collagen. Microscopically, it contains osteons arranged in concentric lamellae around Haversian canals. Osteoblasts build bone while osteoclasts resorb it, maintaining a constant state of remodeling. The alveolar bone has a rich blood supply from the superior and inferior alveolar arteries and drains via lymph vessels. Orthodontic forces induce changes in the bone's morphology and turnover.
Here are some suggested du'as before and after studying, and during exams:
Before studying:
اللهم أعني على ذكرك وشكرك وحسن عبادتك
O Allah, help me remember You, be grateful to You and worship You in the best way.
اللهم بارك لي في علمي وزدني من فضلك وانفعني بما علمت
O Allah, bless me in my knowledge, increase me in Your bounty and benefit me with what I
The document provides an overview of the pulp-dentin complex, including dentin and pulp. It discusses the physical and chemical properties of dentin, its structure including dentinal tubules and types of dentin. Dentinogenesis and age-related changes are also covered. The morphology, development, zones and cell types in pulp are summarized. The document establishes that dentin and pulp are embryologically, histologically and functionally the same tissue and should be considered as a complex.
The dentogingival junction is the region where the tooth is attached to the gingiva. It initially forms with the emergence of the tooth into the oral cavity, with the enamel covered by epithelium. Over time, the junction shifts apically as the epithelium separates from the enamel surface in a process called passive eruption. The junctional epithelium, which is more permeable, eventually attaches at the cementoenamel junction. In unhealthy conditions, the junction and sulcus can shift further onto the root surface, forming a pathological periodontal pocket.
The document discusses tooth development from the intrauterine life stage through the bell stage. It describes the key stages and structures involved, including the dental lamina, bud stage, cap stage, and early bell stage. During these stages, the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac develop and differentiate. Structures like the enamel knot, enamel cord, and cervical loop form transiently to guide tooth morphogenesis. By the early bell stage, the inner dental epithelium induces the underlying mesenchyme to form odontoblasts, marking the beginning of dentin formation.
The periodontium refers to the tissues that surround and support teeth. The periodontal ligament is a specialized connective tissue that connects the tooth root to the inner surface of the alveolar bone. It is made up of collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and contains blood vessels. The periodontal ligament develops from cells of the dental follicle that differentiate into cementoblasts, fibroblasts, and other cells after the root forms and erupts. It contains principal fibers that connect the cementum to bone and resist various forces on the teeth. Other components include cementoblasts, osteoblasts, epithelial cell rests, and defense cells that maintain the periodontium.
The document discusses the peridontium and its components, which include the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It focuses on cementum, describing it as a hard connective tissue that covers tooth roots and provides attachment for collagen fibers. Cementum begins forming at the cementoenamel junction and continues to the root apex. It contains cementoblasts and cementocytes that aid in its formation and structure. Cementum comes in cellular and acellular varieties and demonstrates incremental lines from its continuous deposition over time.
This document provides information on dentin, including its composition, formation, and types. Some key points:
- Dentin makes up the bulk of the tooth and is composed of 65% inorganic material (mainly hydroxyapatite) and 35% organic material (collagen and proteoglycans).
- Odontoblasts are cells responsible for dentin formation. Their processes extend into dentinal tubules that permeate the dentin.
- Dentin formation begins with predentin, which mineralizes to become circumpulpal dentin. Mantle dentin forms the outer layer near the enamel.
- Dentinal tubules contain peritubular dentin and connect the
The document summarizes the process of primary tooth shedding and replacement by permanent teeth. It describes how odontoclasts, cells similar to osteoclasts, initiate root resorption through secretion of acids and enzymes. This causes dissolution of the dental hard tissues and degradation of the organic matrix. Shedding occurs through intermittent periods of root resorption by odontoclasts and recovery periods where tissues are repaired, until the tooth is loosened and lost.
Cementum is the mineralized tissue covering dental roots. It begins at the cementoenamel junction and continues to the root apex. Cementum provides attachment for collagen fibers (Sharpey's fibers) that bind the tooth to surrounding structures. Cementum develops in two stages: the prefunctional stage involving matrix formation and mineralization, and the functional stage where cementum deposition continues throughout life in response to tooth movement and wear. Cementum comes in various forms classified by development, cellularity, and fiber origin and includes acellular, cellular, intrinsic and extrinsic fiber cementum.
This document provides an overview of dentin, including:
- Its history, development, physical and chemical properties, structure, types, and innervation
- Dentinogenesis is the process by which dentin is formed through the secretion and mineralization of an organic matrix by odontoblasts.
- Dentin's main components are hydroxyapatite crystals, collagen fibers, non-collagenous proteins, and water. Its tubular structure and composition provide mechanical strength and sensitivity.
- Different types of dentin include primary, secondary, and tertiary dentin, which vary in their location, thickness, mineralization, and quality.
The pulp is a soft connective tissue located within the tooth. It has several unique features, including being surrounded by rigid dentin walls and susceptible to changes in pressure. The pulp contains odontoblasts, fibroblasts, undifferentiated cells, and defense cells. It is highly vascularized and innervated. During development, dental papilla forms the pulp through proliferation and differentiation of cells. The pulp cavity is divided into coronal and radicular regions. Nerves and blood vessels enter through the apical foramen, supplying the pulp.
The document discusses the periodontal ligament (PDL), which is the soft connective tissue that surrounds tooth roots and attaches cementum to alveolar bone. It defines PDL and describes its extent, average width, development from the dental follicle, orientation of collagen fibers, cellular elements including fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and epithelial rests of Mallassez. The document also covers the biochemical composition and ground substance of PDL, as well as its blood supply, nerve supply, age-related changes, and role in healing after periodontal surgery.
This document provides information on cementum, including its definition, physical characteristics, chemical composition, formation (cementogenesis), classification, functions, anomalies, and clinical considerations. Cementum is the mineralized tissue covering tooth roots. It is softer than dentin and lacks enamel's luster. Cementum formation involves acellular and cellular stages. Cementum attaches the periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth root and allows for tooth repair. Abnormalities include hypercementosis, ankylosis, and cementomas. Cementum is an important part of the periodontium that aids in tooth attachment and repair.
This document discusses root formation in teeth. It begins by explaining that the root starts developing after the crown is complete, as epithelial cells from the inner and outer enamel epithelium proliferate to form the Hertwig's root sheath in two layers. This sheath then bends to form an epithelial diaphragm. Next, it describes how the root grows in length as the root sheath elongates below the stationary diaphragm, inducing odontoblast differentiation and dentin deposition. Finally, it notes that the epithelial root sheath breaks down after root formation, with remnants residing in the periodontium as epithelial rests of Malassez.
The document discusses the formation and types of dentin. It begins by explaining that dentinogenesis is initiated by odontoblasts and forms the bulk of each tooth crown and root. There are several types of dentin that form at different stages: mantle dentin forms first along the enamel layer, primary dentin makes up most of the tooth, and secondary and tertiary dentins are deposited throughout life. Tertiary dentin specifically forms in response to stimuli like decay. Dentin contains tubules that house odontoblast processes and provide sensitivity; it is made up of both organic and inorganic components including collagen and hydroxyapatite.
This document describes various anatomical structures found on teeth. It discusses structures such as cusps, tubercles, cingulum, ridges, inclined planes, fossae, grooves, and pits. Cusps are pointed projections found on posterior teeth that form the biting surfaces. Tubercles are small enamel extensions that can form due to trauma or disease. Ridges are convex elevations along tooth surfaces like marginal ridges along the edges. Fossae are irregular depressions found on tooth crowns. Grooves mark divisions between developmental lobes and pits are found at groove junctions.
The document discusses the dental pulp, including its development, structure, cells, and features. It notes that the dental pulp develops from the dental papilla during tooth formation. The pulp contains coronial and radicular regions, with the radicular pulp terminating at the apical foramen. The pulp has histological zones including the odontoblastic layer and cell-rich and cell-poor zones. Key cells include odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and defense cells. Odontoblasts are responsible for dentin formation and are arranged in palisades along the pulp periphery.
Aging causes irreversible changes to the dental hard tissues over time. The three main tissues - enamel, dentin, and cementum - all undergo changes as part of the aging process. Enamel becomes less permeable and more discolored with age. Dentin develops more dead tracts and sclerotic dentin. Cementum may experience hypercementosis and the formation of cementicles. The alveolar bone also undergoes resorption, decreasing in height and width over time. These morphological and functional changes to the dental tissues are a natural part of the biological aging process.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE OF ENAMEL
DEVELOPMENT OF ENAMEL
EPITHELIAL ENAMEL ORGAN
AMELOGENESIS
LIFE CYCLE OF AMELOBLASTS
AGE CHANGES IN ENAMEL
DEFECTS OF AMELOGENESIS
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Garima Singh presented on the topic of dentin. Key points included:
- Dentin is the tissue found underneath enamel and makes up the bulk of teeth. It contains dentinal tubules that contain odontoblast processes and connect the pulp chamber.
- Dentin is made up of 70% inorganic material (mainly hydroxyapatite), 20% organic material (mainly type I collagen), and 10% water. It undergoes dentinogenesis through collagen matrix formation and mineralization.
- There are different types of dentin, including primary, secondary, and tertiary dentin which are formed at different stages. Characteristics like tubule orientation and mineralization differ between primary and permanent dentin
Diseases of the pulp:Part 1- Development, Physiology, Histology of Dental PulpDeepthi P Ramachandran
The development, physiology, histology of the dental pulp is briefly discussed. The features of the pulp as a connective tissue, its cells,fibers, innervation, vascularity are dealt with
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dentaleducation , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The dentogingival junction is the region where the tooth is attached to the gingiva. It initially forms with the emergence of the tooth into the oral cavity, with the enamel covered by epithelium. Over time, the junction shifts apically as the epithelium separates from the enamel surface in a process called passive eruption. The junctional epithelium, which is more permeable, eventually attaches at the cementoenamel junction. In unhealthy conditions, the junction and sulcus can shift further onto the root surface, forming a pathological periodontal pocket.
The document discusses tooth development from the intrauterine life stage through the bell stage. It describes the key stages and structures involved, including the dental lamina, bud stage, cap stage, and early bell stage. During these stages, the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac develop and differentiate. Structures like the enamel knot, enamel cord, and cervical loop form transiently to guide tooth morphogenesis. By the early bell stage, the inner dental epithelium induces the underlying mesenchyme to form odontoblasts, marking the beginning of dentin formation.
The periodontium refers to the tissues that surround and support teeth. The periodontal ligament is a specialized connective tissue that connects the tooth root to the inner surface of the alveolar bone. It is made up of collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and contains blood vessels. The periodontal ligament develops from cells of the dental follicle that differentiate into cementoblasts, fibroblasts, and other cells after the root forms and erupts. It contains principal fibers that connect the cementum to bone and resist various forces on the teeth. Other components include cementoblasts, osteoblasts, epithelial cell rests, and defense cells that maintain the periodontium.
The document discusses the peridontium and its components, which include the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It focuses on cementum, describing it as a hard connective tissue that covers tooth roots and provides attachment for collagen fibers. Cementum begins forming at the cementoenamel junction and continues to the root apex. It contains cementoblasts and cementocytes that aid in its formation and structure. Cementum comes in cellular and acellular varieties and demonstrates incremental lines from its continuous deposition over time.
This document provides information on dentin, including its composition, formation, and types. Some key points:
- Dentin makes up the bulk of the tooth and is composed of 65% inorganic material (mainly hydroxyapatite) and 35% organic material (collagen and proteoglycans).
- Odontoblasts are cells responsible for dentin formation. Their processes extend into dentinal tubules that permeate the dentin.
- Dentin formation begins with predentin, which mineralizes to become circumpulpal dentin. Mantle dentin forms the outer layer near the enamel.
- Dentinal tubules contain peritubular dentin and connect the
The document summarizes the process of primary tooth shedding and replacement by permanent teeth. It describes how odontoclasts, cells similar to osteoclasts, initiate root resorption through secretion of acids and enzymes. This causes dissolution of the dental hard tissues and degradation of the organic matrix. Shedding occurs through intermittent periods of root resorption by odontoclasts and recovery periods where tissues are repaired, until the tooth is loosened and lost.
Cementum is the mineralized tissue covering dental roots. It begins at the cementoenamel junction and continues to the root apex. Cementum provides attachment for collagen fibers (Sharpey's fibers) that bind the tooth to surrounding structures. Cementum develops in two stages: the prefunctional stage involving matrix formation and mineralization, and the functional stage where cementum deposition continues throughout life in response to tooth movement and wear. Cementum comes in various forms classified by development, cellularity, and fiber origin and includes acellular, cellular, intrinsic and extrinsic fiber cementum.
This document provides an overview of dentin, including:
- Its history, development, physical and chemical properties, structure, types, and innervation
- Dentinogenesis is the process by which dentin is formed through the secretion and mineralization of an organic matrix by odontoblasts.
- Dentin's main components are hydroxyapatite crystals, collagen fibers, non-collagenous proteins, and water. Its tubular structure and composition provide mechanical strength and sensitivity.
- Different types of dentin include primary, secondary, and tertiary dentin, which vary in their location, thickness, mineralization, and quality.
The pulp is a soft connective tissue located within the tooth. It has several unique features, including being surrounded by rigid dentin walls and susceptible to changes in pressure. The pulp contains odontoblasts, fibroblasts, undifferentiated cells, and defense cells. It is highly vascularized and innervated. During development, dental papilla forms the pulp through proliferation and differentiation of cells. The pulp cavity is divided into coronal and radicular regions. Nerves and blood vessels enter through the apical foramen, supplying the pulp.
The document discusses the periodontal ligament (PDL), which is the soft connective tissue that surrounds tooth roots and attaches cementum to alveolar bone. It defines PDL and describes its extent, average width, development from the dental follicle, orientation of collagen fibers, cellular elements including fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and epithelial rests of Mallassez. The document also covers the biochemical composition and ground substance of PDL, as well as its blood supply, nerve supply, age-related changes, and role in healing after periodontal surgery.
This document provides information on cementum, including its definition, physical characteristics, chemical composition, formation (cementogenesis), classification, functions, anomalies, and clinical considerations. Cementum is the mineralized tissue covering tooth roots. It is softer than dentin and lacks enamel's luster. Cementum formation involves acellular and cellular stages. Cementum attaches the periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth root and allows for tooth repair. Abnormalities include hypercementosis, ankylosis, and cementomas. Cementum is an important part of the periodontium that aids in tooth attachment and repair.
This document discusses root formation in teeth. It begins by explaining that the root starts developing after the crown is complete, as epithelial cells from the inner and outer enamel epithelium proliferate to form the Hertwig's root sheath in two layers. This sheath then bends to form an epithelial diaphragm. Next, it describes how the root grows in length as the root sheath elongates below the stationary diaphragm, inducing odontoblast differentiation and dentin deposition. Finally, it notes that the epithelial root sheath breaks down after root formation, with remnants residing in the periodontium as epithelial rests of Malassez.
The document discusses the formation and types of dentin. It begins by explaining that dentinogenesis is initiated by odontoblasts and forms the bulk of each tooth crown and root. There are several types of dentin that form at different stages: mantle dentin forms first along the enamel layer, primary dentin makes up most of the tooth, and secondary and tertiary dentins are deposited throughout life. Tertiary dentin specifically forms in response to stimuli like decay. Dentin contains tubules that house odontoblast processes and provide sensitivity; it is made up of both organic and inorganic components including collagen and hydroxyapatite.
This document describes various anatomical structures found on teeth. It discusses structures such as cusps, tubercles, cingulum, ridges, inclined planes, fossae, grooves, and pits. Cusps are pointed projections found on posterior teeth that form the biting surfaces. Tubercles are small enamel extensions that can form due to trauma or disease. Ridges are convex elevations along tooth surfaces like marginal ridges along the edges. Fossae are irregular depressions found on tooth crowns. Grooves mark divisions between developmental lobes and pits are found at groove junctions.
The document discusses the dental pulp, including its development, structure, cells, and features. It notes that the dental pulp develops from the dental papilla during tooth formation. The pulp contains coronial and radicular regions, with the radicular pulp terminating at the apical foramen. The pulp has histological zones including the odontoblastic layer and cell-rich and cell-poor zones. Key cells include odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and defense cells. Odontoblasts are responsible for dentin formation and are arranged in palisades along the pulp periphery.
Aging causes irreversible changes to the dental hard tissues over time. The three main tissues - enamel, dentin, and cementum - all undergo changes as part of the aging process. Enamel becomes less permeable and more discolored with age. Dentin develops more dead tracts and sclerotic dentin. Cementum may experience hypercementosis and the formation of cementicles. The alveolar bone also undergoes resorption, decreasing in height and width over time. These morphological and functional changes to the dental tissues are a natural part of the biological aging process.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE OF ENAMEL
DEVELOPMENT OF ENAMEL
EPITHELIAL ENAMEL ORGAN
AMELOGENESIS
LIFE CYCLE OF AMELOBLASTS
AGE CHANGES IN ENAMEL
DEFECTS OF AMELOGENESIS
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Garima Singh presented on the topic of dentin. Key points included:
- Dentin is the tissue found underneath enamel and makes up the bulk of teeth. It contains dentinal tubules that contain odontoblast processes and connect the pulp chamber.
- Dentin is made up of 70% inorganic material (mainly hydroxyapatite), 20% organic material (mainly type I collagen), and 10% water. It undergoes dentinogenesis through collagen matrix formation and mineralization.
- There are different types of dentin, including primary, secondary, and tertiary dentin which are formed at different stages. Characteristics like tubule orientation and mineralization differ between primary and permanent dentin
Diseases of the pulp:Part 1- Development, Physiology, Histology of Dental PulpDeepthi P Ramachandran
The development, physiology, histology of the dental pulp is briefly discussed. The features of the pulp as a connective tissue, its cells,fibers, innervation, vascularity are dealt with
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dentaleducation , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Dental pulp /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
This document provides information about the dental pulp. It begins with an introduction to the pulp and its unique environment as a soft connective tissue within teeth. The document then covers topics like the embryology, anatomy, innervation, pathways of pain, structural organization, cells, extracellular matrix, microvasculature, vitality tests, achieving anesthesia, functions, and clinical considerations of the dental pulp. It provides details on each topic with sections devoted to development, features, anatomy of coronal and radicular portions, innervation, neuropeptides, pathways of pain, extracellular matrix components like collagen and proteoglycans, morphological zones, cell types, and odontoblastic processes.
This document discusses pulp calcification and pulp stones. It notes that pulp stones are a physiological manifestation that may increase in number or size due to local or systemic pathology. The etiological factors involved in their formation are not fully understood. As people age, the pulp space decreases in size and the blood vessels, nerves, and cells in the pulp also decrease. Pulp stones can form due to factors like age, circulatory disturbances, orthodontic tooth movement, and genetic predisposition. They are typically composed of calcium and phosphorus. Pulp stones may block access to canal orifices or engage instruments, but can usually be removed during root canal treatment with magnification, access, and proper instruments.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The dental pulp is loose connective tissue located within the tooth. It can be divided into the coronal pulp within the crown and radicular pulp within the root. The pulp contains cellular elements like odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and defensive cells, as well as neurovascular elements. With age, the size of the pulp decreases as secondary dentin is deposited. The number of cells and vascularity also decrease with age. Accessory canals may form due to developmental processes or resorption of tissue during aging. The pulp provides nutrients and defenses to the tooth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document provides an overview of dental pulp, including its:
1. Development from the dental papilla during the 8th week of gestation.
2. Anatomy, with the coronal pulp in the crown and radicular pulp in the root canal. Primary pulp has a larger chamber relative to crown size compared to permanent pulp.
3. Histology consisting of an odontoblast layer, cell-free zone, cell-rich zone, and pulp core containing blood vessels and nerves.
4. Main cell types - odontoblasts, fibroblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, and defense cells like macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes.
5.
The document summarizes key information about dental pulp:
1. Dental pulp is the mesenchyme tissue inside the pulp cavity and surrounds the dentin. It contains blood vessels, nerves, fibroblasts, macrophages, and odontoblasts.
2. There are a total of 52 pulp organs in the adult dentition. Molar pulps are 3-4 times larger than incisor pulps. Pulp develops from the dental papilla and is surrounded by dentin except at openings.
3. Histologically, pulp contains four zones - the odontoblastic zone, cell-free zone of Weil, cell-rich zone, and pulp core. Odontoblasts
The dental pulp is the soft connective tissue contained within the tooth. It originates from neural crest cells that migrate and condense around ectomesenchymal cells to form the dental papilla during development. The pulp contains odontoblasts, fibroblasts, undifferentiated cells and defense cells. It has a histological structure with outer odontoblastic, cell-free and inner cell-rich zones. The pulp functions to provide nutrition, sensation, defense and formation/protection of dentin. In aging teeth, the pulp undergoes changes like fewer cells, fibrosis, vascular changes and calcifications that decrease its functions over time.
The document discusses the development, cells, vessels, and nerves of dental pulp. It states that dental pulp develops from ectomesenchymal cells of the dental papilla and provides odontogenic, nutritive, sensory, and defensive functions. The principal cells of pulp are odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Odontoblasts secrete dentin and are located in the odontoblastic zone near the dentin, while fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells are located deeper in the cell rich zone and pulp core. Blood vessels and nerves enter the pulp through the apical foramen to provide nutrients and sensation.
Dental pulp / rotary endodontic courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The dental pulp is the soft tissue contained within the pulp chamber and root canals of teeth. It is composed of loose connective tissue and nerves that provide sensation and nourishment to the tooth. The pulp contains cells such as odontoblasts, fibroblasts, macrophages, and stem cells embedded within an extracellular matrix. Odontoblasts are responsible for dentin formation and maintenance. With age, the pulp undergoes regressive changes like fibrosis, calcification in the form of pulp stones, and decreased cellularity. Diseases like caries, trauma, and chemical irritation can lead to inflammation of the pulp tissue.
The document discusses the anatomy and biology of the dental pulp. It begins with a brief history of pulp biology and then covers the development, connective tissue, circulation, nerve supply, and cells of the pulp. Key points include that the pulp and dentin develop from the dental papilla, the pulp contains fibroblasts, undifferentiated cells, and immune cells in addition to specialized odontoblasts, and the microcirculation system transports nutrients while responding to metabolic and inflammatory stimuli.
The dental pulp occupies the center of each tooth and consists of soft connective tissue. The pulp has two main parts - the coronal pulp in the crown and the radicular pulp in the root. The coronal pulp contains pulp horns that extend into tooth cusps, while the radicular pulp extends from the crown down the root canal. Blood vessels and nerves enter the pulp through the apical foramen at the root tip. With age, dentin deposition causes the pulp to shrink. Accessory canals may also form connections between the pulp and periodontium. The pulp contains fibroblasts, odontoblasts that form dentin, undifferentiated cells, and defense cells. It functions in tooth development
The dental pulp originates from cranial neural crest cells that migrate into the developing tooth germ. During tooth development, these cells form the dental papilla which becomes the dental pulp. The pulp contains odontoblasts, fibroblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, and macrophages. It has a cell-rich zone containing blood vessels and a cell-free zone near the odontoblasts. The pulp shapes change from development to maturity as the root forms and remodels. It is divided into coronal and radicular portions, connected through the apical foramen.
The dental pulp is a soft connective tissue located within the tooth. It develops from the dental papilla during tooth formation. The pulp has four zones - the odontoblastic zone containing cells that form dentin, the cell-free zone, cell-rich zone containing many cells, and a central zone with large blood vessels and nerves. The pulp receives blood vessels through the apical foramen and contains many cell types including odontoblasts, fibroblasts, immune cells, and undifferentiated cells. It is highly innervated with sensory fibers that detect pain and sympathetic fibers that control blood flow. The pulp plays key roles in tooth development, defense against infection, and sensitivity.
The dental pulp is the soft connective tissue inside teeth that supports dentin. It has four zones - the odontoblastic zone near the dentin, a cell-free zone beneath it, a cell-rich zone with many cells, and a pulp core containing major blood vessels and nerves. Odontoblasts are distinctive cells that form dentin, with about 60,000 per square millimeter. The pulp also contains fibroblasts that form collagen matrix, undifferentiated cells that give rise to connective tissues, macrophages that eliminate dead cells, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, nerves, and occasionally calcified pulp stones.
Concise description of pulp and it's structural components with images. The information is collected from various resources and is accurate. This slide will help you grab the important points about the each structure and better understanding of the topic.
Acute osteomyelitis is a serious bone infection that often causes extensive tissue necrosis. It begins with bacteria entering the bone and initiating an inflammatory response. If the bacteria proliferate, they increase pressure on blood vessels, compromising the blood supply and causing bone death. Pus and bacteria then spread through the bone. The infection may form draining sinuses to the skin surface. Reactive bone formation attempts to wall off the infection, but extensive bone necrosis can occur if the infection is severe. Symptoms include intense local pain, fever, swelling, rapid pulse, and elevated ESR.
This document discusses the anatomy, histology, and functions of the dental pulp. It begins by describing the development of the dental papilla and enamel organ during embryogenesis. It then details the four distinct histological zones of the pulp, including the odontoblastic, cell-free, cell-rich, and pulp core zones. Other topics covered include the pulp's vascular, nervous, and lymphatic supply, as well as the composition of its intercellular substance and cells such as odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and defense cells. The document concludes by discussing regressive changes in the aging pulp and applied aspects of pulp preservation during restorative procedures.
This document summarizes the anatomy and histology of dental pulp. It describes how dental pulp develops from ectomesenchymal cells and resides within the tooth. The pulp contains four zones - the odontoblastic zone nearest the dentin, the cell-free zone of Weil, the cell-rich zone, and the pulp core containing nerves and blood vessels. Principal pulp cells are odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Blood vessels and nerves enter the pulp through the apex to provide nutrients and sensory functions. Calcified pulp stones may form within the pulp chamber or root canals.
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8 pulp
1.
2.
3. The dental pulp is that loose
delicate connective tissue
occupying the cavity lying
in the center of dentin.
4. Morphology
*The coronal pulp: it is present in
the pulp chamber.
*The radicular pulp: it is that part
of the pulp extending from the
cervical region of the crown to the
root apex.
5. Accessory canals:
They are commonly seen to extend
from radicular pulp laterally
through the root dentin to the
periodontal ligament. Accessory
canals
They are numerous in the apical
third of the root.
6. Mechanism of formation accessory
canals
1- it occurs in areas, where the developing root
encounters a large blood vessel, where
dentin will be formed around it.
2- Early degeneration of the epithelial root
sheath of Hertwig before the differentiation of
the odontoblasts.
3-Lack of complete union of the epithelial
diaphragm at the floor of the pulp chamber.
7. *Apical foramen: The pulp organs are continuous
with the periapical tissue through the apical foramen.
The average size of the apical foramen:
maxillary teeth : 0.4 mm
mandibular teeth : 0.3mm
12. Dental pain (acute pulpitis)
Dental pain occurs in 12% of population.
The origin of the dental
pain is difficult to localize.
(referred pain)
Dental pain is the most unkilling acute pain
affecting human being.
13. Loss of the pulp
results in loss of the
pulp functions, but
the tooth is still
functioning
14. Histological structure of the
pulp
The dental pulp is formed of specialized loose
connective tissue:
cells fibers intercellular substances
blood vessels and nerves
15. Zones of the pulp
peripheral zone
Central zone
(odontogenic zone). (pulp core).
Dentin
17. B- Cell free zone (the zone of Weil):
*It is present beneath the odontoblastic layer.
*It is suggested to be the area of mobilization
and replacement of odontoblasts.
C- cell rich zone:
It is present beneath
the cell free zone.
It is composed of
fibroblasts and
undifferentiated
mesenchymal cells.
20. Cells of the pulp
1- Progenitor cells:
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
2- Synthetic cells (formative cells):
Odontoblasts and fibroblasts.
3- Defensive cells:
Macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils,
mast cells and plasma cells.
21. 1- Progenitor cells:
(UMC):
They are smaller than fibroblasts
but have a similar appearance.
They are usually found along the
walls of blood vessels.
These cells have the potentiality
of forming other types of
formative or defensive cells.
22. 2-Formative cells:
A- Odontoblasts
Length: 25-40u
Diameter: 5-7u
In the early stages of development
odontoblasts consist of a single layer of
columnar cells .
In the later stages of development, the
odontoblasts appeared pyriform where
the broadest part of the cell contains the
nucleus
23. Odontoblasts are
longer in the crown
cuboidal rootwise,
flat at the root apex
24. The cell membranes of adjacent odontoblasts
exhibit junctional complexes.
The clear terminal part of the cell body and the
adjacent intercellular junction is known as
terminal bars.
Gap junction
desmosome
25. B- Fibroblasts
*These are the most numerous
type of pulp cells.
*They are spindle in shape.
*They have elongated processes which
are link up with those of other pulpal
fibroblasts (stellate appearance).
*The nucleus stains deep with
basic dye and the cytoplasm is
highly stained and homogenous.
26.
27. These cells have a double function: formation and
degradation of fibers and ground substances.
mitochondria
In young pulp, they are :
*Large cells .
*With large multiple processes
*Centrally located oval nucleus,
*Numerous mitochondria, Fibroblast
*Well developed Golgi bodies
*Well developed RER
protein
secreting cell
28. In periods of less activity and aging they
appear smaller and round or spindle-shaped with
few organelles, they are termed fibrocytes.
fibroblast
fibrocyte
30. 3- Defensive cells:
A- Histiocyte (macrophage):
They appear irregular in shape with
short blunt processes.
The nucleus is small, more rounded &
darker in staining than fibroblast.
They are distributed around the
odontoblasts and small blood vessels
and capillaries.
31. In case of inflammation:
*Nuclei increase in size and exhibit
a prominent nucleolus.
*It exhibits granules and vacuoles
in their cytoplasm.
Ultastructurally,
invaginations of plasma membrane
with aggregation of vesicles or
phagosomes .
32. *Macrophages are involved
in the elimination of dead
cells.
*Macrophages remove
bacteria and interact with
other inflammatory cells to
protect the pulp during
inflammation.
35. B- Plasma cells:
These cells are seen during
inflammation.
The nucleus of this cell is small and
appears eccentric in the
cytoplasm.
The arrangement of chromatin in
the nucleus gives the cell a cart
wheel appearance,
The plasma cells are known to
produce antibodies.
38. E- Mast cells:
*They have a round nucleus and their
cytoplasm contains many granules.
*They are demonstrated by using
specific stains as toluidine blue.
*They produce histamine& heparin.
39. The ground substances of the pulp:
*The ground substances consists of acid
mucopolysaccharides and neutral glycoprotein.
*These substances are the environment that
promotes life of the cells.
*Glycoseaminoglycans are bulky molecules
and hydrophilic, they form gels that fill most of
the extracellular space, They contribute to the
high tissue fluid pressure of the pulp.
40. Blood vessels
*The pulp is highly vascularized. It is
supplied by the inferior and superior
alveolar arteries.
*As the vessels enter the tooth, their
walls become considerably thinner
than those surrounding the tooth.
D
*Along their course they give numerous
branches in the radicular pulp that
pass peripherally to form a plexus in
the odontogenic region.
41. The rate of blood flow in the pulp of the tooth is four
time the rate of blood flow in resting muscle.
Laser Doppler
Flowmetry
It measures the rate of
pulpal blood flow
42. The capillaries adjacent to the odontoblasts are
fenestrated. Such capillaries are found in areas
of rapid exchange.
43. Assessment of pulp vitality
Current pulp tests assess the function of
nerves in the pulp, by the application of electric
current or a rapid change in temperature.
Recently, blood flow rate in the pulp is used
to measure the degree of the pulp vitality.
44. Nerves of the pulp
The pulp has an abundant nerve supply
which follows the distribution of the
blood vessels.
Two types of nerve fibers are
present:
*Sympathetic in nature.
They control the contraction of the
smooth muscles of the blood vessels.
*Sensory nerves.
Both contain myelinated and
unmyelinated axons.
45. *As the mylelinated nerves run coronally, they give off
side branches and lose their myelin coat. They form
then sub-odontoblastic plexus of nerves known as
plexus of Rashkow. Few axons extend in-between the
odontoblasts to give the nerve endings.
*More nerve endings are found in the pulp horns than in
other peripheral areas of the coronal or radicular pulp.
46. Sensory response in the pulp cannot differentiate
between heat, touch, pressure or chemicals.
This is because the pulp organs lack those
types of receptors.
Heat,
Pain
Touch,
Pressure,
Chemicals
47. Functions of the pulp
1- Inductive:
Dental papilla induces the enamel organ
formation and also determines the
morphology of the tooth.
48. 2- Formative :
Pulp organ produces dentin. Odontoblasts
develop the organic matrix and function in its
calcification.
49. 3- Nutritive :
The pulp nourishes the dentin. Nutrition is
mediated through the odontoblasts and
their processes.
Dentin
50. 4- Protective:
The sensory nerves in the tooth respond with
pain to all stimuli, Pain sensation is a useful
alarm system of the pulp.
51. 5- Defensive or reparative:
The pulp responds to irritation by producing
reparative dentin and mineralizing any affected
dentinal tubules.
These reparative reactions are an attempt to
wall off the pulp from the source of irritation.
The presence of macrophages, lymphocytes and
leucocytes aid in the process of repair of the
pulp.
52.
53. Age changes in the pulp
The size of the pulp
The apical foramen
The cellular elements decreased
The bl. vessels & n.
Vitality
Reticular atrophy: The total affect is the
production of a lessened vitality of the pulp
tissue and a lessened response to stimulation.
55. True denticles
True denticles are rare &
small in size&
found near the apical foramen.
They consist of irregular dentin
containing traces of dentinal
tubules and few odontoblasts.
odontoblast
Remnants of the epithelial root dentinal
sheath invade the pulp tissues tubules
causing UMC of the pulp to form
this irregular type of dentin.
56. False denticles
*They are evidence of dystrophic
calcification of the pulp tissue .
*They contain no dentinal tubules and
can exist in any area of the pulp.
*They are formed of degenerated cells
or areas of hemorrhage which act as a
central nidus for calcification.
*Overdoses of vit. D, may favor the
formation of numerous denticles.
57. *Pulp stones are classified according
to their location into: free,
attached and embedded.
*They continue to increase in size
and in certain cases they fill up
the pulp chamber completely. attached
*If pulp stones come close enough
to a nerve bundle pain may be
elicited.
free
*The close proximity of pulp stones
to blood vessels may cause
atrophy of it.
58. Diffuse pulp calcification
*Commonly occurs on top of
hyaline degeneration in the
root canal and not common in
the pulp chamber.
*They are irregular calcific
deposition in the pulp tissue
following the course of blood
vessels or collagenous bundle.
*Advancing age favors their
development.