This document describes various anatomical structures found on teeth. It discusses structures such as cusps, tubercles, cingulum, ridges, inclined planes, fossae, grooves, and pits. Cusps are pointed projections found on posterior teeth that form the biting surfaces. Tubercles are small enamel extensions that can form due to trauma or disease. Ridges are convex elevations along tooth surfaces like marginal ridges along the edges. Fossae are irregular depressions found on tooth crowns. Grooves mark divisions between developmental lobes and pits are found at groove junctions.

1. ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF
TEETH
DR JAMEEL KIFAYATULLAH
ORAL BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT,
KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
PESHAWAR.

4. CROWN ELEVATIONS
CUSPS
• Elevated and pointed projections on the
crowns of teeth
• Forms the bulk of occlusal surfaces of
posterior teeth
• Forms incisal portion of canine crown

5. CANINE CUSP

6. MOLAR CUSPS

7. PREMOLAR CUSPS

8. TUBERCLES/MINI CUSPS/EXTRA CUSPS
• Small, round, enamel extensions found on the
crowns of teeth.
• Formed due to extra formation of enamel
• This disturbance may be due to trauma ,pressure
or metabolic disease affecting the enamel organ
as it forms the crown area during cap stage.
• Location: found on lingual surface of anterior
teeth and palatal surface maxillary first molar.

9. TUBERCLE MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH
LINGUAL SURFACE

10. CUSP OF CARABELLI

12. CINGULUM
• A large rounded eminence on the lingual
surface of anterior teeth encompassing the
entire cervical third of lingual surface.

16. RIDGES
• Linear and usually convex elevations on the
surfaces of crowns of teeth.
• Named according to their locations:
1. Marginal ridges
2. Triangular ridges
3. Transverse ridges
4. Oblique ridge
5. Cusp Ridges

17. Marginal ridges
• Linear elevations convex in cross section
• Found at mesial and distal terminations of
occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth
• In anterior teeth form the lateral margins of
lingual surface

19. Triangular Ridges
• Linear elevations descending from cusp tip of
posterior teeth to the central area of occlusal
surface.
• In cross section they are triangular.

20. Marginal and triangular ridges

23. Transverse ridge
• Combination of two triangular ridges
• The union of triangular ridge of buccal cusp
and triangular ridge of lingual cusp of a
posterior tooth.

26. Oblique Ridge
• Special type of transverse ridge
• Crosses the occlusal surface of maxillary
molars of both dentitions in an oblique
direction from distobuccal cusp to
mesiolingual cusps.

27. OBLIQUE RIDGE

29. Cusp ridges
• Each cusp has four cusp ridges extending in
different directions from its tip
• Mesial ,distal,buccal,lingual directions
• named according to direction extending from
cusp tip

32. Inclined plane
• The sloping area found between two cusp
ridges
• Named by combining the names of the two
cusp ridges b/w which they lie.
• 4 inclined planes exhibited by each cusp

34. Mamelons
• Small rounded projections of enamel on the
incisal ridges of recently erupted incisors.

35. CROWN DEPRESSIONS
FOSSA
An irregular,usually rounded depression or
concavity on the crown of a tooth

36. Anterior tooth fossa
• Large shallow fossa on the lingual surface of
anterior teeth.

38. Posterior tooth fossae
• Posterior teeth exhibit two or more fossae of
varying size and shape on the occlusal surface

39. Posterior teeth fossae

40. Posterior fossa(central)

41. Developmental groove
• Also called primary groove
• A line which marks the junction among
developmental lobes(primary parts) of the
crown of tooth.

44. Supplemental groove
• Also called secondary groove
• An auxiliary groove which branches from a
primary groove
• Not related to junction of primary parts/lobes
of crown.

46. Pit
• A small ,depressed area where developmental
grooves join or terminate
• Found in the deepest portion of fossa.

47. PIT