Disaster-meaning, Meaning - Disaster Management, Features of Disaster Management, Problems and Challenges of Disaster Management, Consequences/ Effects of Disasters - Physical, Psychological, Economic, Social, Disasters in India, Cop-up Strategies, Physical Coping Strategies, Mental Coping Strategies, Emotional Coping Strategies, Measures at National Level, Measures at State Level, Measures at District Level

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT

2. DISASTER
A disaster is a consequence of a sudden disastrous
event which seriously disrupts the normal function of
the society or the community to the extent that it
cannot subsist without outside help.
A disaster is not just the occurrence of an event such
as an earthquake, flood, conflict, health epidemic or
an industrial accident; a disaster occurs if that
event/process negatively impacts human population.

3. DISASTER
A disaster can be defined as “any tragic event stemming
from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic
accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that
disasters can cause damage to life, property and destroy
the economic, social and cultural life of people.”
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Disaster
as "any occurrence that causes damage, ecological
disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and
health services, on a scale sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected
community or area."

4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster Management can be defined as the
organization and management of resources and
responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian
aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness,
response and recovery in order to lessen the impact
of disasters.
It refers to the conservation of lives and property
during natural or man-made disasters.

5. FEATURES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1. Disaster Management Teams: The disaster
management teams are broadly divided into
three parts namely:
i. The Policy Team
ii. The Management Team
iii. The Liaison Team
2. Systematic Planning
3. Organization of Resources

6. FEATURES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
4. Training to Manpower
5. Suitability
6. Stability
7. Organization Structure
8. Goals of Disaster Management:
i. Reduce, or avoid, losses from hazards
ii. Assure prompt assistance to the victims
iii. Achieve rapid and effective recovery

7. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF DISASTERS
• Challenge of Training
• Challenge of Climate Change
• Challenge of Regional Co-operation
• Challenge of Recovery, Restore and Reconstruction
- of vital services like electricity, drinking water,
communications etc. There is also a need to
reconstruct infrastructure for livelihood and social
institutions like schools, hospitals, religious places
etc.

8. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF DISASTERS
• Challenge of Technical Assistance - with the State
Government and other back up measures
• Challenge of New Technology and Training
• Challenge of Disaster Management
• Challenge of Creating of Awareness – pre-disaster
and post-disaster effects
• Cross Border Issues - lack of co-operation amongst
countries may create cross border issues for
management of disasters.

9. CONSEQUENCES/ EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
PHYSICAL • Floods, earthquakes can lead to Death
• Lifelong Injuries
• Mental and Physical Deformities
• Waterborne Diseases and Epidemics
PSYCHOLOGICAL • Changes in the behavior including depression, guilt,
anger, chronic worry and withdrawal from family and
friends.
• Other factors can create negative psychological
effects on an individual.
ECONOMIC • Permanent physical injury can lead to loss of
employment
• Damage and disruption of infrastructure
• Funds for poverty alleviation projects may have to be
diverted by government authority for reconstructions
• Disasters affect GDP of the Nation

10. CONSEQUENCES/ EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
SOCIAL • The survivors of the disasters may have to face caste
and communal discrimination
• Disasters may affect the social networking of the
survivors thereby inducing stress related symptoms
• Manmade disasters may lead to communal
disturbances and disharmony.
• It may also lead to civil disturbances and war like
situation also leading to adverse social effects on
women.
• Post disaster may also lead to social evils such as
robbery and murders.
• People may resort to unethical means to overcome
the economic loss caused due to disasters.

11. DISASTERS IN INDIA
Disasters that stuck India in 2020
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/disasters-
that-struck-india-in-2020/articleshow/79954339.cms
Uttarakhand Disaster 2021
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/early-
warning-system-for-glaciers-flash-floods-
uttarakhand-7187580/

12. COPE UP STRATEGIES
I. PHYSICAL COPING STRATEGIES
• Rest Periods
• Exercise
• Eating Habits
• Relaxation
• Avoid Alcohol and Drugs

13. COPE UP STRATEGIES
II. MENTAL COPING STRATEGIES
• Get the Facts
• Brainstorm
• Sufficient Breaks
• Structure the Time
• Focus on Ones Abilities and Strength
• Reliance on Spirituality
• Set Short-term Goals

14. COPE UP STRATEGIES
III. EMOTIONAL COPING STRATEGIES
• Social Support
• Judicious Use of Time
• Expression of Emotions
• Recognize Anger as a Secondary Emotion
• Be Cautious

15. MEASURES AT NATIONAL LEVEL
• Disaster Management Act
• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA),
as the apex body, is mandated to lay down the
policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster
Management to ensure timely and effective
response to disasters.
• National Executive Committee(NEC) to assist the
National Authority
• National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

16. MEASURES AT STATE LEVEL
• State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)
• State Executive Committee

17. MEASURES AT DISTRICT LEVEL
The Disaster Management Committee at the District
Level came into existence because of the frequent
occurrence of disasters in the district.
Its primary aim is to have proper coordination among
all the line departments.
The Deputy Commissioner is the Chairman or District
Disaster Manager of the District Disaster
Management Committee (DDMC) and the district
level response is coordinated under his guidance.

18. MEASURES AT DISTRICT LEVEL
The DDMC exists to assist the Deputy Commissioner
in the areas of reviewing the threats of disaster,
analysing the vulnerability of the district to such
disasters, evaluating the preparedness and
considering suggestions for the improvement of the
District Disaster Management Plan.

19. PK Das, architect and chairperson of Mumbai Waterfronts Centre, is
Thank You
Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
www.linkedin.com/in/dr-parveen-kaur-nagpal-82965b15