Organizational Change - Meaning, Change agents, Characteristics of Organizational Change, Causes of Organizational Change, Internal Factors , External Factors, Lewins Model of Organizational Change, Unfreezing, Moving, Refreezing, Creativity - Meaning, Components of Creativity, Qualities of a Creative Person, Factors affecting Creativity in Organizations, Ways of enhancing creativity for effective decision making, Brain Storming, Creative Problem Solving, Stages in Creative Problem Solving

1. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
AND
CREATIVITY

2. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Organizational Change
Organizational Change is the process by which organizations
move from their present state to some desired future state to
increase their effectiveness.
Organizational Change implies the creation of imbalances in the
existing pattern of situation.
When an organization operates and functions for a long time, an
adjustment between its technical, human and structural set – up
is established.
Change agents such as the managers or nonmanagers, employees
of the organization, or outside consultants responsible for
managing change in an organization

3. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Characteristics of Organizational Change
■ Consistent Communication
■ Training and Goal Setting
■ Resistance
■ Dynamic Process
■ Change does not take place in a vacuum
■ Change is constant universally
■ Change is a Natural Phenomenon
■ Internal and External Forces
■ Varying rate of change

4. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Causes of Organizational Change
Internal Factors
Changes in
Managerial
Personnel
Changes in Operative
Personnel
Deficiency in Existing
Structure
Chain Effect of
Change
Changes in work
environment
External Factors
Globalisation
Workforce
Diversity
Technological
Changes
Market Conditions
Social Changes
Political Forces
Managing Ethical
Behaviour
Economic factors

5. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Lewins Model of Organizational Change
Kurt Lewin developed a very simple and practical model for
understanding the change process.
For Lewin, the process of change entails creating the perception
that a change is needed, then moving toward the new, desired
level of behaviour and finally, solidifying that new behaviour as
the norm.
Kurt Lewin argued that successful change in organizations should
follow three steps:

6. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Lewins Model of Organizational Change
1. Unfreezing means that the old ideas and practices need to be
kept aside so that new one can be learned.
2. Moving/ Changing means new ideas and practices are
accepted and learned.
3. Refreezing means the new techniques which are learnt is put
into practice.

7. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Lewins Model of Organizational Change
The status quo can be considered an equilibrium state.
To move from this equilibrium—to overcome the pressures of
both individual resistance and group conformity—unfreezing is
necessary.
Unfreezing can occur in one of three ways:
✓ The driving forces, which direct behaviour away from the
status quo, can be increased.
✓ The restraining forces, which hinder movement from the
existing equilibrium, can be decreased
✓ Combine the first two approaches

8. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Creativity

9. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Creativity
Creativity is a term derived from the word ’create’ which means
to find out and set something strange and at once useful to bring
about a change in the society.
Creativity is the process of creating products, ideas, or
procedures that are novel or original and are potentially relevant
or useful to an organization.
It is the ability to link or combine ideas in novel ways, and their
unique alternatives have to be considered useful to others.
Creativity is also known as divergent or lateral thinking.
Lateral thinking moves away from the linear approach that’s
advocated in rational decision making.

10. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Components of Creativity
■ Expertise - technical, procedural and
intellectual knowledge - is the foundation
for all creative work.
■ Creative thinking skills encompass all
those personality traits that are common to
creative leaders.
■ Motivation here means that an individual wants to work
on a particular task because it’s interesting and engaging.

11. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Qualities of a Creative Person
■ Intelligence
■ Curious and Imaginative
■ Relevant Knowledge and Experience
■ Motivation and Persistence
■ Flexibility
■ Independent and Assertive
■ Originality
■ Innovative Thinking Style

12. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Factors affecting Creativity in Organizations
Challenge
Freedom
Resources (time and money)
Work-group Features
Supervisory Encouragement
Organizational Support

13. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Ways of enhancing creativity for effective decision making
■ Foster an environment where creativity is valued.
■ Give employees the tools and techniques to come up with new
ideas.
■ Create a climate of mutual trust and respect
■ Make sure employees understand the company’s goals,
products and services so employees can come up with
relevant, contextual ideas.
■ Create diverse groups where people support each others
opinions.
■ Create a collaborative environment that encourages
conversation, problem-solving and great ideas.
■ Recognize, reward and celebrate great ideas

14. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Brainstorming
In 1938, Alex F. Osborn, an advertising executive, invented the
process of “organized ideation” in a company he headed.
The early participants referred to their attempts as “brainstorm
sessions,” in the sense that they were using the brain to storm a
problem.
Brainstorming is a process for developing creative solutions to
problems.
It works by focusing on a problem, and then deliberately coming
up with as many solutions as possible and by pushing the ideas as
far as possible.

15. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Brainstorming
There are four basic rules in brainstorming (Osborn, 1963)
intended to reduce social inhibitions among team members,
stimulate idea generation, and increase overall creativity:
1. No Criticism of ideas
2. Welcome Unusual Ideas
3. Quantity Wanted, so encourage greater number of ideas
4. Combine and Improve Ideas

16. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Creative Problem Solving
Creative problem solving (CPS) is a way of solving problems or
identifying opportunities when conventional thinking has failed.
It encourages to find fresh perspectives and come up with
innovative solutions, so that one can formulate a plan to
overcome obstacles and reach goals.

17. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
Stages in Creative Problem Solving

18. Dr. Parveen Kaur Nagpal
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