This presentation is based on flooding, which is part of the grade 10 geography of South African CAPS curriculum.

1. Flooding – a natural disaster

2. What are Floods?
Flooding refers to the
overflowing of large
amounts of water onto land
that is normally dry,
usually resulting from
excessive rain.

3. Causes of
Floods
Physical Human

4. Human Causes
Human causes includes human impacts on
biophysical environments, biodiversity, and
other resources.
The term anthropogenic designates
an effect or object resulting
from human activity.

5. Urbanization?
o Refers to an increase in
the proportion of people
living in urban areas.
o An urban area is a built-up
area such as a town or
city.
o This may lead to surface
runoff or water stored on
surface, as there is lack
of infiltration.

6. Failure of man-made structures
o Failure of man-made structures,
such as dams and levees can
result in floods.
o A dam is a barrier built across a
river to retain and store water.
o The failure of levees and
floodwalls also has disastrous
impact on cities, especially for
people living downstream as
water will runoff to flat areas.

7. deforestation
o Clearance or removal of a
forest or stand of trees where
the land is thereafter
converted to a non-forest use.
o Usually it is converted to
farms, ranches, or urban use.
o This results to fields being dry
and may limit the infiltration
of water to the ground, thus
causing excessive runoff.

8. physical Causes
Refers to all the natural phenomenon that
are beyond our control.

9. Heavy rainfall
o Rainfall refers to droplets of
water that fall to the ground.
o If the rate of precipitation
exceeds infiltration, this will
increase the amount of water
on the surface.
o Failure of the water to be
drained, results in flooding on
the surface.

10. Impacts of floods
Short term
oDeath
oInjury
oLoss of infrastructure
oDamage to property and
business
oDamage to crops
oDisease
Long term
oRebuilding of roads and
infrastructure
oHouses needing demolition
or rebuilding
oUninsured losses
oLoss of trade and industry
oPublic perception of place
oCosts of insurance

11. Impacts of Floods

12. Managing
floods
Soft
engineering
Hard
engineering

13. HARD ENGINEERING
o Build flood defenses like
dams, embankments and
flood walls
o Straighten and deepen
the river and cut off
meanders
o Make storage areas for
extra water

15. SOFT ENGINEERING
o Soft engineering
techniques work with
the river and use
natural processes.
o These includes,
washlands,
afforestation,
warning systems and
land-use zoning.

17. references
Debens, (2010). Managing Floods. Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/geodebs/managing-floods-
3120008?utm_source=slideshow02&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=share_slideshow
(Accessed 18 September 2017)
Foster, J. (2010). Impacts Of Floods. Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/fozzie/impacts-of-floods?qid=01d16511-59c0-4afb-8123-
417743ccada3&v=&b=&from_search=1 (Accessed 18 September 2018
Ho, K. (2014). Deforestation: Causes, Effects and Solutions. Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/threeseconds/deforestation-causes-effects-and-solutions?qid=e7bcb54c-
fb40-4b36-8fcf-07dd2c626764&v=&b=&from_search=1 (Accessed 18 September 2017)
Kang-Lim, K. (2016). Sec 2 Geography Causes of Floods (PART 2). Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/KarenKangLim/sec-2-geography-causes-of-floods-part-
2?utm_source=slideshow02&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=share_slideshow (Accessed 18
September 2018)
Noji, E.K. (2013). The Floods Of 2013 Remembering Some Of This Year's Lessons From Natural
Disasters. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/enoji/the-floods-of-2013-
remembering-some-of-this-years-lessons-from-natural-disasters (Accessed 18 September 2018)