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Disaster Management in Nursing
- 1. MEDICAL SURGICAL -II UNITNO. XI DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN NURSING COMPILED BY - Mr. Ashish Henjali Roy B.Sc Nursing(Nursing Tutor) Savitri Hospital And Paramedical Institute,Gorakhpur,UttarPradesh.
- 2. Definition A serious disruptionof the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
- 3. WHO Definition: An occurrenceof a severity and magnitude that normally results in death, injuries and property damage that cannot be managed through the routine procedure and resources of government.
- 4. Emergency management/ disaster management Discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks It is a discipline that involves preparing for disaster before it happens, disaster response(emergency evacuation , quarantine, etc.) as well as supporting and rebuilding society after natural or human made disasters.
- 5. Cont.… Continuous processby which all individuals, groups and communities, manage hazards in an effort to avoid and ameliorate the impact of disaster resulting from hazards.
- 6. TYPES OF DISASTERS 1.Natural Earthquake Tsunami Volcanic eruption Snow storm / avalanche Lightning Windstorm Thunderstorm Hailstorm Tornado Cyclone/ Hurricane Asteroid impact Flood Dust-storm Drought
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- 9. Cont.… 4. Some naturalinfluence Crop disease Insect infestation Forest fire Mangrove decline Coral reef decline Acid rain Ozone depletion
- 10. Cont.… 5. Human Armedconflict Land mines Major (air, sea, land) traffic accidents Nuclear / chemical accidents Oil spill Water / soil / air pollution Groundwater pollution Electrical power breakdown
- 12. Phases Of DisasterManagement Phase I: Mitigation Attempt to prevent hazards from developing into disasters or to reduce the effect of disaster when they occur. Focuses on long term measures for reducing/eliminating risks Most cost effective Types of mitigation: I. Structural mitigation II. Non-Structural measures
- 13. Cont.… Mitigation Activities: • Identificationof risks • Catastrophe modeling tools
- 14. Cont.. •Personnel activities inmitigation:
- 15. Cont… •Phase II –DisasterPreparedness Focuses on preparing equipment, procedure Development of volunteer response capability among civilian population Causality prediction
- 16. Cont.… Phase II Developmentof emergency plan of action Communication plans with easily understandable terminology Practice of multi-agency co-ordination Proper maintenance and training of emergency services Rehearsal of emergency evacuation plans Development and exercise of emergency preparedness warning system and evacuation plans Stockpiling, inventory and maintenance of supplies
- 17. Phase III –Disaster response Determined by the level of disaster. Mobilization of emergency services Well rehearsed emergency plan a prerequisite On a personal front it may be evacuation or home confinement.
- 18. Starts immediatelyafter the immediate threat to life has subsided Aim is to restore the affected area to its previous state Involves rebuilding destroyed property, reemployment and the repair of infrastructure. Implementation of mitigative efforts
- 19. DISASTER SERVICES Triage indisaster: Separates those who need rapid medical care to save life or limb. It reduces the burden on the medical facilities It provides for equitable and rational distribution of causalities among the available hospitals.
- 20. Category Priority ColorConditions Immediate 1 Red Sucking chest wound, airway obstruction Delayed 2 Yellow stable abdominal wounds, soft tissue injuries Minimal 3 Green Upper extremity fracture, small lacerations, Expectant 4 Black Unresponsive patients with penetrating head injury, wound involving multiple sites
- 21. The Indian scenario NationalDisaster Management Authority Of India Disaster risk in India: Vulnerable 58.6%landmass prone to earthquakes of moderate to very severe intensity. 40 million hectare (12%of land ) prone to floods and river erosion Of the 7,516 km long coastline,5,700 prone to cyclones, tsunamis 68%cultivable land prone to draught Hilly areas at risk of avalanches and landslides
- 22. Cont.… Vulnerable tonuclear, biological ,and chemical warfare. Compounded by ever-growing population, vast disparity of income, rapid urbanisation, development within high-risk zones, environment degradation, climate change
- 23. Disaster management initiativesin India High powered committee(HPC) First initiative, Aug 1999 under JC Pant Prepared comprehensive model for disaster management at national, state and district levels National Committee on Disaster Management Initiated after the Gujarat Earthquake under the chairmanship of the PM of India
- 24. Disaster Management Act2005 Holistic management of disaster Dec 23,2005 Accordingly NDMA setup at New Delhi under the PM Responsible for laying down policies and guidelines for Disaster management, ensuring timely and effective response coordination, enforcement and implementation of policy and plans Is evolving a National policy on Disaster management
- 25. The systematic andflexible utilization of knowledge and skills specific to disaster related nursing and the promotion of a wide range of activities to minimize health hazards and life threatening damage caused by disaster in collaboration with other specialized fields
- 26. OBJECTIVES: To effectivelyreduce the Impact of the disaster on human life and health. To participate in the coordinated efforts of all groups to reduce loss of life, property. damage, social and economic disruption and To initiate rehabilitation.
- 27. Role of thenurse In Disaster preparedness: Facilitate preparation within the community Initiate and update disaster plan Update record of vulnerable population Check availability of resources in case of disaster. Assess and report environmental health hazards.
- 28. In Disaster response: Member of the assessment team Feeding back Facilitate rapid rescue Recovery Ongoing assessment and surveillance
- 29. Cont.… In Recovery: Hygieneand immunization Referral to mental health professionals Assessment for environmental hazards Assessment for faulty conditions facilitating future disasters. Case finding and referrals
- 30. Common Psychological complicationsdue to Disaster: Organic ,mental disorder secondary to head injury ,toxins ,illness, dehydration Acute stress disorders Adjustment disorders Substance abuse PTSD(Post traumatic stress disorder) Generalized anxiety disorder Behavioral responses like family violence.
- 31. Role of nurse-psychological stress of disaster victims Nursing assessment Assess for high risk o Those who have lost one or more family members o Those with serious injuries o Those with previous history of psychiatric illness o Those who have lost home or possession o People on fixed family income o Elderly, minority or without adequate support system ,
- 32. Cont.… Identification ofvictims behavior Perception of events Support systems & coping mechanisms Identification of negative feelings
- 33. Nursing interventions inDisaster management: Tailored to the community served. Appropriate to the stage of emotional response Should work with families or group of families Survivor should feel “valued” Do not give false reassurances.
- 34. Cont.… Keep familiestogether especially parents and children Remove panic stricken people from main group Keep people in group Assignee small supervised tasks Increase awareness of what has happened Do not isolate Explore provisions for reconstruction of life style
- 35. Cont.… Assist incontact with friends Give information about social, financial, health resources. Establish and maintain communication network Prevent /reduce rumors Encourage sharing of information
- 36. Specific interventions toreduce stress in crisis of Disaster: Education Crisis intervention Problem solving Advocacy Referrals
- 37. ;) THANKYOU SOMUCH FOR YOUR CAREFULL LISTENING AND KIND ATTENTION !!! ;)