desaster management

1. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

2. INTRODUCTION
• Disaster is a catastrophic occurrence that results in the need
for a wide range of emergency resources.
• Disaster is of 2 types that is important to understand for
making the disaster plan according to it.
• Disaster management includes certain principles that should
be followed in effective manner.
• Any health sector alone cannot tackle it. Disaster management
necessitates a multi-institutional approach.
• Disaster management involves 5 phases.
• All the health sector personals play important role in providing
the care and other resources. Nurses are the one who can
provide both physical and psychological support to the
sufferers.

3. DEFINITION
“A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either
natural or manmade that causes human suffering and
creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate
without assistance”.
- American Red Cross (ARC)
OR
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that
causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human
life, deterioration of health and health services on a
scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response
from outside the affected community or area”.
-(W.H.O.)

4. TYPES
NATURAL
DISASTER
Meteorological
Topographical
Environmental
MAN MADE
DISASTER
Technological
Industrial accidents
Security related

5. • Meteorological - rain, drought, snow, extreme
heat or cold, ice, or wind.
• Topo- tsunamis, floods, volcanoes,
earthquakes, avalanches, and landslides
• Technological : industrial pollution, nuclear
radiation, toxic wastes, dam failures, transport
accidents, factory explosions,
fires, andchemical spills.

6. FACTORS AFFECTING DISASTER
• age
• immunization status
• degree of mobility
• emotional stability
Host Factors
• physical factor
• biological factor
• social factor
• psychological factors
Environmental
Factors

7. CHARACTERSTICS OF DISASTER
• Scope and intensity of impact
• Duration of impact
• Length of forewarning
• Speed of onset
• Controllability
• Predictability

8. PHASES OF DISASTER
Pre- impact
phase
Impact
phase
Post-
impact pase

9. WHAT IS DISASTER
MANAGEMENT?
Preparedness – activities prior to the disaster.
Examples – preparedness plans, emergency exercises or training,
warning systems.
Response – activities during disaster.
Examples – public warning systems, emergency operations, search
and rescue.
Recovery – activities following a disaster.
Examples – temporary housing, claims processing and grants, long
term medical care and counselling.
Mitigation – activities that reduce the effects of disaster.
Examples – building codes and zoning, vulnerability analysis, public
education.

10. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events.
• Individuals are responsible for their own
safety.
• Organizations should function as an extension
of their core business
• Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day purpose.

11. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
• DM arrangements must recognise the
involvement and potential role of non-
government agencies.
• DM planning must take account of the type of
physical environment and the structure of the
population.
• DM planning should recognize the difference
between incidents and disasters.

12. PHASES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

13. DISASTERS EFFECT
• Environmental disruption
• Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.
• Socioeconomic losses
• Food shortage
• Psychological problems
• Increase in communicable disease
• Disability
• Deaths

14. DISASTER RECOVERY
• Nurse must be attentive to the danger
• Remain alert for environmental health
• Referrals to hospital as needed
• Psychological support
• Be vigilant in Health teaching
• Successful Recovery Preparation

15. AREAS OF CONCERN

16. HEALTH SECTORS INVOLVED IN
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
HEALTH
SECTOR
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
NATIONAL
ORGANIZAT
ION
STATE
LEVEL
ORGANIZAT
ION
COMMU
NITY
LEVEL
HELPERS
DISTRICT
LEVEL
ORGANIZAT
ION

17. ROLE OF NURSE DURING DISASTER
Immediate relief sevices
Human rights
Accountibility system
Relief development planning
Social justice and equality
Alternative care
Government and organizations

18. RESEARCH EVIDENCE
In 2017, CDMPS reviewed its 6 research priority areas as part of developing
a new strategic plan for the future. The research units were redefined and
extended into the current 5 research priority areas.
• Understanding and Mitigating Extreme Events and Critical Incidents
• Enabling Technology, Informatics and Analytics
• Improving Whole-Life Infrastructure System Performance and Resilience
• Strengthening Organisational, Institutional and Community Resilience
• Enhancing Policy and Decision Making

19. DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
Pramod Patil
Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University
India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its
unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclone, earthquakes and
landslides have been a recurrent phenomenon. The vulnerability in India is
more compared to developed countries .This is resulting in huge loss in
terms of human, financial, environmental and livelihood. At global level,
there has been considerable concern over natural disasters. After Orissa
super cyclone and Bhuj earthquake we realized the need to adopt multi
disciplinary and multi sectoral approach and incorporation of risk reduction
in the development plans and strategies. The new approach of Government
of India proceeds from the conviction that development cannot be
sustainable unless disaster mitigation is built in to the development process.
Disaster Management occupies an important place in this country’s policy
framework. This paper is to highlight disaster profile of India and Disaster
Management in India.

20. NEW INITIATIVES BY INDIAN GOVERNMENT
Project on deployment of Mobile Radiation Detection Systems(MRDS) to
handle Radiological Hazards in Metros/Capital Cities/Big Cities in India:- To
detect unclaimed radioactive materials/substances and save public from its
hazardous effects,NDMA has chalked out a plan to provide States/UTs
Mobile Radiation Detection Systems to be deployed in Metros/all Capital
Cities and Big Cities in India and also train personnels as ‘Trainer of Trainers’.
Landslide Risk Mitigation Scheme (LRMS)The Scheme envisages financial
support for site specific Landslide Mitigation Projects recommended by
landslide prone States, covering “disaster prevention strategy, disaster
mitigation and R& D in monitoring of critical Landslides” thereby leading to
the development of Early Warning System and Capacity Building initiatives.
The Scheme is under preparation.

21. Flood Risk Mitigation Scheme (FRMS)The Scheme covers activities like a)
Pilot Projects for development of model Multi-Purpose Flood Shelters and b)
Development of River Basin specific Flood Early Warning System and Digital
Elevation Maps for preparation of Inundation Models for giving early
warning to the villagers for evacuation in case of flood. Under the Scheme,
financial support is to be provided to the Flood prone States for undertaking
pilot scheme in respect of above two activities. The Scheme is under
preparation.
Core Group for Preparation of Guidelines to avert Boat Tragedies in India:-
In view of some serious boat tragedies taking place in the country, including
the boat tragedy in Dhubri, Assam in May, 2012, leading to loss of lives of
people, on the request of Min. of Home Affairs, NDMA on the request of
MHA has constituted a Core Group / Working Groups consisting of
representatives of concerned Departments of Central/State Governments
and other Organizations to formulate suitable guidelines on the subject for
the guidance of States/UTs to avert such boat mishaps in India. The
deliberations of Working Groups are on.