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History project.pptx
- 1. The Fortunes of Empire in Classical India State, Society, & the Quest for Salvation
- 2. Do Now: Read TWEDY on India’s Geography And evaluate its role on Classical India
- 3. India Before the Mauryan Dynasty 563 - 463 BCE : Gautama Buddha 520 BCE Persian Emperor Darius conquers north-west India Introduces Persian ruling pattern 327 BCE Alexander of the Great destroys Persian Empire in India Troops mutiny, depart after two years , political power vacuum New government will be influenced by Persian and Greek penetration of northwest through Khyber Pass of Hindu Kush Mountains
- 4. Chronology of Indian History 400 - 100 BCE: Mauryan Age: Emperor Asoka patronizes Buddhism 320 - 450 CE: Gupta Dynasty - Golden Age of Indian Civilization 450 CE: White Hun invasions
- 5. The Fortunes of Empire in Classical India The Mauryan Dynasty & the Temporary Unification of India State, Society, & the Quest for Salvation in India The Mauryan & Gupta Empires, 321 B.C.E. – 550 C.E.
- 7. Chandragupta: 321 BCE-298 BCE Unified northern India. Defeated the Persian general Seleucus. Divided his empire into provinces, then districts for tax assessments and law enforcement. He feared assassination [like Saddam Hussein] food tasters, slept in different rooms, etc. 301 BCE gave up his throne & became a Jain.
- 8. Mauryan Empire 326 BCE – 184 BCE
- 9. Ruled all but southern tip of India Population of about 50 million people Large military and civilian bureaucracy: the administration of a government chiefly through bureaus or departments staffed with nonelected officials State-operated industries The Mauryan Dynasty & the Temporary Unification of India
- 10. Asoka (304 – 232 BCE) § Religious conversion to Buddhism after the gruesome battle of Kalinga in 262 BCE. § Dedicated his life to Buddhism. § Built extensive roads. § Conflict: How to balance Kautilya’s methods of keeping power and Buddha’s demands to become a selfless person?
- 11. Buddhist Doctrine: The Dharma The Four Noble Truths all life is suffering there is an end to suffering removing desire removes suffering this may be done through the eight-fold path (right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration)
- 12. Appeal of Buddhism Less dependence on Brahmins for ritual activities No recognition of caste, jati status Philosophy of moderate consumption Public service through lay teaching Use of vernacular, not Sanskrit
- 14. Asoka’s law code § Edicts scattered in more than 30 places in India, Nepal, Pakistan, & Afghanistan. § Written mostly in Sanskrit, but one was in Greek and Aramaic. § 10 rock edicts. § Each pillar [stupa] is 40’-50’ high. § Buddhist principles dominate his laws as he makes an effort to develop a moral code for his empire. Religious tolerance, remorse for aggression (Ahimsa), conquest through teaching, welfare for all
- 15. Decline of the Mauryan Empire Economic crisis follows death of Ashoka High costs of bureaucracy, military not supported by tax revenue Regions begin to abandon Mauryan Empire Disappears by 185 BCE Ashoka Lion Capital ~ Legacy
- 17. Regional Kingdom: Bactria Northwestern India Ruled by Greek-speaking descendants of Alexander’s campaigns Intense cultural activity accompanies active trade
- 18. Turmoil & a Power Vacuum: 220 BCE – 320 CE The Mauryan Empire is divided into many kingdoms.
- 20. The Gupta Dynasty Based in Magadha Founded by Chandra Gupta (no relation to Chandragupta Maurya), c. 320 CE Slightly smaller than Mauryan Empire Highly decentralized leadership Gupta Decline Frequent invasions of White Huns, 5th c. CE Gupta Dynasty disintegrates along regional fault lines Smaller local kingdoms dominate until Mughal Empire founded in 16th c.
- 21. Gupta Empire: 320 CE – 647 CE
- 22. Gupta Rulers § Chandra Gupta I v r. 320 – 335 CE v “Great King of Kings” § Chandra Gupta II v r. 375 - 415 CE v Profitable trade with the Mediterranean world § Hindu revival § Huns invade – 450 CE
- 23. Extensive Trade 4th century spice s gold & ivory
- 24. International Trade Routes during the Guptas
- 25. Medicine Literature Mathematics Astronomy Printed medicinal guides 1000 diseases classified Plastic Surger y C- sections perform ed Inoculat ions 500 healing plants identified Decima l Syste m Concep t of Zero PI = 3.1416 Kalida sa Solar Calendar The earth is round Gupta India Gupta Achieve ments
- 26. The Decline of the Guptas Invasion of the White Huns from Central Asia in the 4th century signaled the end of the Gupta Golden Age, even though at first, the Gupta defeated them. After the decline of the Gupta empire, north India broke into a number of separate Hindu kingdoms and was not really unified again until the coming of the Muslims in the 7th century. Great cultural diversity Caste system encouraged local loyalties
- 27. CONCLUSION The Mauryan empire was the famous ancient dynasty. The Mauryan empire is written in history in golden worlds. The famous kings and emperors of the Mauryan kingdom were: Samdragupta, Chandragupta , Bindusara, and Ashoka.
- 28. THANKING YOU Adarsh Chauhan 12E 04 History Project