1) Jesus was born in Bethlehem around 6-4 BC and grew up in Nazareth. He began preaching at age 30 and performed miracles according to the Gospels. He was crucified under Pontius Pilate but his followers believed he resurrected.
2) Paul originally persecuted Christians but had a vision of Jesus and became an apostle, preaching that Christianity was open to all. He wrote many New Testament letters.
3) Constantine legalized Christianity in 313 AD and it became the official religion under Theodosius I in 380 AD, spreading across the Roman Empire.
A presentation of the Roman Empire, suitable for Year 9 students, consisting in following: main periods, the Roman Republic, Patricians and plebeians, meals, bakeries, craft workers, reading and writing.
A presentation of the Roman Empire, suitable for Year 9 students, consisting in following: main periods, the Roman Republic, Patricians and plebeians, meals, bakeries, craft workers, reading and writing.
Challenges and Controversies in Christian HistoryMark Pavlin
This slide deck study on selected topics in Christian history is one of a series to help leaders of a Bible study or Sunday School class who are too busy to research and prepare as well as they would like for the task. The entire series is engaging, colorful and challenging and is ready to go even at the last moment. More are in the works. Search using keyword "lessonstogo",
08 Christianity A GENERAL FACTS Origins As with Bu.docxoswald1horne84988
08 Christianity A
GENERAL FACTS
Origins
As with Buddhism, Christianity can be traced back to the life of its founder. In this case
that is Jesus of Nazareth (c. 5BCE – 30CE). It may seem strange that historians estimate
that Jesus was born several years “before Christ” but that is the result of a small error
when the Roman system was converted to the new BC/AD Christian system in the 6th
Century. Jesus was born into a Jewish family and was thoroughly Jewish in background and
worldview. Thus, many consider Judaism as the mother religion of Christianity in the same
way that Hinduism is the mother religion of Buddhism. We know very little of his early
years except for stories about his conception and birth at the start of the gospels of
Matthew and Luke. Both writers agree that he was born in Bethlehem but grew up in
Nazareth; and that his biological mother was Mary but that he had no human father.
Otherwise they provide very different perspectives on the Christmas story. For example,
Luke focuses on Mary and mentions angelic appearances to her as well as the shepherds in
the fields. In contrast, Matthew focuses on her husband, Joseph, his dreams, as well as
the star, the wise men and King Herod’s attempts to kill the child.
Jesus was probably a tradesman like his ‘father’, Joseph, but something happened in his
early thirties that changed the direction of his life, much like the four sights that Gautama
experienced. All gospels agree that it occurred at the Jordan River where a prophet-like
character named John was inviting his fellow Jews to immerse themselves in the waters
and renew their Jewish faith. Jesus was among the crowds but, unlike the others, we are
told that he experienced an epiphany when he was baptised by John. The voice of God
declared him to be “my beloved Son” and a dovelike image hovered above him,
representing God’s Spirit. It is one of the rare occasions in the gospels that the three
‘persons’ of the Trinity are mentioned together (Father, Son and Spirit). As a result, Jesus
relinquished his trade and took up an itinerant lifestyle as a religious teacher and healer,
moving from town to town throughout Israel (and rarely beyond). He taught in synagogues
and in public places, attracting crowds, not only because of his message but also because
of his reputation as a miraculous healer. The gospels mention cures of all types of illnesses
as well as control over natural forces. In this respect he was not unique in Jewish history.
For instance, Moses was said to have worked miracles in Egypt and in the desert; and the
9th century BCE prophets Elijah and Elisha also had wondrous powers. Indeed, many of
Jesus’ miracles resemble those of Elijah and Elisha.
Scholars generally agree that the key theme linking his teaching and healings is the
‘Kingdom of God’, which is not so much a place or territory but a new relationship
between Jewish people and their God. According to Jesus, God is a graci.
08 Christianity AGENERAL FACTSOriginsAs with Buddhis.docxoswald1horne84988
08 Christianity A
GENERAL FACTS
Origins
As with Buddhism, Christianity can be traced back to the life of its founder. In this case that is Jesus of Nazareth (c. 5BCE – 30CE). It may seem strange that historians estimate that Jesus was born several years “before Christ” but that is the result of a small error when the Roman system was converted to the new BC/AD Christian system in the 6th Century. Jesus was born into a Jewish family and was thoroughly Jewish in background and worldview. Thus, many consider Judaism as the mother religion of Christianity in the same way that Hinduism is the mother religion of Buddhism. We know very little of his early years except for stories about his conception and birth at the start of the gospels of Matthew and Luke. Both writers agree that he was born in Bethlehem but grew up in Nazareth; and that his biological mother was Mary but that he had no human father. Otherwise they provide very different perspectives on the Christmas story. For example, Luke focuses on Mary and mentions angelic appearances to her as well as the shepherds in the fields. In contrast, Matthew focuses on her husband, Joseph, his dreams, as well as the star, the wise men and King Herod’s attempts to kill the child.
Jesus was probably a tradesman like his ‘father’, Joseph, but something happened in his early thirties that changed the direction of his life, much like the four sights that Gautama experienced. All gospels agree that it occurred at the Jordan River where a prophet-like character named John was inviting his fellow Jews to immerse themselves in the waters and renew their Jewish faith. Jesus was among the crowds but, unlike the others, we are told that he experienced an epiphany when he was baptised by John. The voice of God declared him to be “my beloved Son” and a dovelike image hovered above him, representing God’s Spirit. It is one of the rare occasions in the gospels that the three ‘persons’ of the Trinity are mentioned together (Father, Son and Spirit). As a result, Jesus relinquished his trade and took up an itinerant lifestyle as a religious teacher and healer, moving from town to town throughout Israel (and rarely beyond). He taught in synagogues and in public places, attracting crowds, not only because of his message but also because of his reputation as a miraculous healer. The gospels mention cures of all types of illnesses as well as control over natural forces. In this respect he was not unique in Jewish history. For instance, Moses was said to have worked miracles in Egypt and in the desert; and the 9th century BCE prophets Elijah and Elisha also had wondrous powers. Indeed, many of Jesus’ miracles resemble those of Elijah and Elisha.
Scholars generally agree that the key theme linking his teaching and healings is the ‘Kingdom of God’, which is not so much a place or territory but a new relationship between Jewish people and their God. According to Jesus, God is a gracious and loving father in whose King.
2. The Life and Teaching of Jesus
Romans Conquer Judea
– Rome conquers Judea, home of the Jews;
makes it part of the empire in A.D. 6
– Many Jews believe in a coming Messiah
(meaning anointed one), or savior, who will
eventually free them.
3. The Life and Teaching of Jesus
Jesus of Nazareth
– Jesus was born in
Bethlehem sometime
around 6 to 4 B.C.
– He was raised in
Nazareth in the
province of Galilee.
– He is a carpenter until
about the age 30 when
he begins preaching.
4. The Life and Teaching of Jesus
Jesus of Nazareth (continued)
– According to the four Gospels (of Matthew,
Mark, Luke, and John) Jesus is said to perform
miracles.
– He stresses a personal relationship with God,
love for friends and enemies.
5. The Life and Teaching of Jesus
A Growing Movement
– Apostles-from the
Greek word “apostolos”
means literally
“someone sent out.”
These are twelve men
who are close disciples
of Jesus.
– Jesus ignores wealth
and status; his
message appeals to the
poor.
.
6. The Life and Teaching of Jesus
Jesus Death
– Many Jews view Jesus as the Messiah; others
see him as a false teacher.
– Roman governor Pontius Pilate sentences
Jesus to be crucified.
– Apostles believe Jesus resurrected from the
dead and ascended into heaven.
– Jesus comes to be called “Christos,” the Greek
word for “savior.” The word Christian and
Christianity is derived from that word.
7. Christianity Spreads Through the Empire
Growth of Christianity
– Followers spread Christianity—new religion
based on the teachings of Jesus.
– The term “Christian” to designate followers of
Christianity was first used in Antioch (
see Acts 11: 26).
8. Christianity Spreads Through the Empire
Paul’s Mission
– Was originally named Saul,
and was a member of the
strict Jewish sect of
Pharisees.
– He persecutes Christians at
first, but on his way to
Damascus to arrest some
Christians he has an
experience where he
claimed Jesus appeared to
him calling him to be an
Apostle to the Gentiles.
Saint Paul, by El Greco, circa
1608-1614
9. Christianity Spreads Through the Empire
Paul spends his life preaching and interpreting
Christianity.
Paul stresses Jesus is the Son of God who died for
people’s sins.
Paul declared that Christianity was open to all,
Gentile as well as Jew.
The common languages of Latin and Greek, spoken
throughout the empire, helps the spread of the
Christian message. The New Testament is written
entirely in common (Koine) Greek spoken by most
people who live in the eastern Mediterranean region.
10. Christianity Spreads Through the Empire
Paul is the author of epistles or
letters to the churches. All of
these letters existing were
included in the New Testament.
– Romans
– 1 and 2 Corinthians
– Galatians
– Ephesians
– Philippians
– Colossians
– 1 and 2
Thessalonians
– The Pastoral Epistles
to Timothy and Titus
– Philemon
11. Christianity Spreads Through the Empire
Jewish Rebellion
– Jews rebel against Rome in 66 A.D.
– Romans storm Jerusalem and destroy the
Temple in 70 A.D.
– Another Jewish rebellion occurs in 132 A.D.,
which the Romans crush. Jews and ethnically
Jewish Christians are barred from Jerusalem.
– Diaspora—centuries of Jewish exile—from the
Greek word for “dispersal”.
12.
13. Christianity Spreads Through the Empire
Persecution of the Christians
– Christians won’t worship the Roman gods or the
emperor. They are considered enemies of the
State.
– Roman rulers use Christians as scapegoats for
hard times.
– As Pax Romana crumbles, Christians are
crucified, burned, and killed in the arena.
14. A World Religion
Christianity’s Expansion
– Christianity becomes a powerful force and
appeals to people because of these reasons:
embraces all people
gives hope to the powerless
appeals to those repelled by extravagance of Roman
life
offers a personal relationship with God
promises eternal life after death
15. A World Religion
Constantine
Accepts Christianity
– Constantine—
Roman emperor
battles for control of
Rome in A.D. 312.
– He has a vision of a
cross—the Christian
symbol—and places
it on soldiers’
shields.
16. Constantine
– Constantine believes
Christian God helped
him win the battle and
legalizes Christianity.
– In A.D. 380 the
Emperor Theodosius
makes Christianity the
religion of the empire.
17. A World Religion
Early Christian Church
– Priests direct a single church (parish).
– Bishops supervise numerous churches
(diocese)
– Apostle Peter is considered the first bishop of
Rome, therefore, the clergy trace their authority
to him.
– Pope—means father or head of the Christian
Church. Rome becomes the center of the
Church.
18. A World Religion
A Single Voice
– Church leaders compile standard Christian beliefs in the
New Testament
– The New Testament is added to the Hebrew Bible
(renamed the Old Testament)
The Fathers of the Church
– Early writers and scholars of Christianity are called
Fathers of the Church
– Augustine, bishop in North Africa, is one of the most
important Fathers
He stressed the importance of receiving the sacraments to
obtain God’s grace
He wrote his most famous book, The City of God.
19. Complete the Chart below
Role in the Rise and Spread of
Person(s)
Christianity
1. Jesus of
Nazareth
2. apostles
3. Paul
4. Pontius Pilate
5. Constantine
6. Peter
7. Augustine
20. Acts 11:26
“and when he had found him, he brought
him to Antioch. For a whole year they met
with the church and taught a great many
people. And in Antioch the disciples were
first called Christians.” (ESV)