5G will enable new capabilities for both consumers and enterprises through technological advancements like massive MIMO, beamforming, and network slicing. It promises to deliver 10x greater bandwidth per connection, low latency, extremely high reliability, and expanded coverage. However, achieving these goals will require significant investment from operators to deploy more cells and backhaul. While 5G can initially provide differentiation, its full capabilities may become standardized over time, reducing opportunities for operators to differentiate based on technical features alone. This creates business challenges around justifying the high costs of 5G networks and maintaining profitable operations in a highly competitive market.

1. 5G - Tech to business case
Dan Warren, Head of 5G Research, Samsung

2. New for 5G – Air interface
2
UE
New Air Interface
CP-OFDM – to introduce flexibility in OFDM and mitigate Inter Symbol Interference
Massive MIMO – large numbers of bearers to increase bandwidth between Tx and Rx
mmWave – provides access to broad frequency bands for higher bandwidths
Beam Forming – extends range/cell size for mmWave bands
Shortened TTI – reduces latency
Flexibility in band sizing – allows previously unavailable bands to be used

3. New for 5G – RAN architecture extensions
3
UE
Other RAN innovations
CoMP – UE attached to multiple cells to provide greater reliability
Small cell support – greater indoor coverage, increased cell density, self-backhauling
5G-NR in unlicensed bands – extension of mobile ecosystem
Session mgmt split from mobility mgmt – enabler for RAN slicing
D2D, V2X – devices connecting directly, with no network

4. (not so) New for 5G – topology flexibility
4
UE
‘Softwarisation’ of the network
C-RAN – removal of functionality from cell sites to consolidation point in the network
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN)
C-RAN
CN, Policy
VNF
(V)PDG
Transport
VNF
NFV and SDN – enabling flexibility in where functions are deployed and scaled
MEC – pushing Core Network functions and content ingress to cell sites
Broadcast optimisation – further enhancements beyond MBMS

5. Meeting the goals
5
Massive-MIMO
CP-OFDM
BeamForming
ShortenedTTI
FlexibleBandSizing
CoMP
SmallCell
5G-NRinUnlicensed
Session/Mobilitysplit
NFV/SDN
C-RAN
MEC
10x bandwidth per connection
Low-ms latency
Five 9’s reliability
100% coverage
>10x connections
50Mbps /connection everywhere
1000x bandwidth/area
10 year battery life
Helps
Hinders
Enablers for
network slicing
Significant network investment required
Achieving these requirements is dependent upon
Operators deploying cells and resiliency methods
to provide extended coverage and network
capacity, as well as upgrading backhaul
Reduction in TCO

6. Sliced to abstraction?
6
• Slice per topological implementation and/or required SLA
• ‘low latency’ slice with MEC and short TTI; ‘traditional’ slice for consumer services; ‘Small cell slice’ for in-
building coverage; ‘CoMP slice’ for managing co-ordinating cell; ‘low bandwidth’ slice for sensors…
• Slice per Enterprise customer type; sub-slices per enterprise customer
• Offering varying degrees of control to the customer – anything from fully managed service to connectivity and
access to Radio.
• Slice per MVNO
• Each MVNO may then offer sub-slices on the above basis to their own enterprise customers…
• An enterprise might require some high bandwidth, some low latency, some in-building and some ‘traditional’
connectivity, all within one service and with a degree of control that they own.
• Multiple slices, maybe from multiple operators, maybe using multiple technologies – a slice of 5G, plus a slice
of fixed access and a slice of WiFi, all backhauled over a slice of transport network.
• As good as the business model from offering 5G (or any other) Network Slices may be, there may be a better one in
‘Network Splicing’ – stitching disparate network slices into a single commercial proposition.
• This is the domain of System Integrators today, not Operators

7. Enterprise
Customer
Data
Centre
Apps
Orchestration
Enterprise
Customer
Data
Centre
Apps
Orchestration
Pain points for commercial slicing
UE
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN)
C-RAN
CN, Policy
VNF
(V)PDG
Transport
VNF
Orchestration Layer
RAN Orchestration CN Orchestration Transport Orchestration
Enterprise
Customer (or SI)
Data
Centre Apps
Orchestration
(Network Splicing)
CN, Policy
VNF
CN, Policy
VNF
CN, Policy
VNF
2G, 3G, 4G Slice
NB-IoT, LTE-M slice
Wi-Fi Slice
Fixed Line Slice
VNF
vCPE
Inter-orchestration
system interface
One (or more) 5G slice per
enterprise customer
Potentially multiple other network
slices per network customer

8. Why are we doing all this?
Requirements
• 10x bandwidth per
connection
• Low-ms latency
• Five 9’s reliability
• 100% coverage
• >10x connections
• 50Mbps per connection
everywhere
• 1000x bandwidth/area
• 10 year battery life
• Reduction in TCO
Applications
• eMBB
• Connected vehicles
• AR/VR
• S-UHD/3D Video
• Haptics/Sensing
• Massive IoT
• Remote machine control
• Mission critical services
• Fixed-wireless access
• …
Customer segments
• Consumer
• Auto industry
• Health
• Industry 4.0
• Agriculture
• Smart City/Public sector
• Smart building
• Utilities
• Education
• Transport
• …
MNO biz model
• B2C
• B2B
• B2B2C
The MNO is the first ‘B’
These are the second ‘B’

9. Customer segments
• Consumer
• Auto industry
• Health
• Industry 4.0
• Agriculture
• Smart City/Public sector
• Smart building
• Utilities
• Education
• Transport
• …
B2B engagement brings different expectations
The positive business impacts
Big contracts, lots of connections
Addressing previously untapped markets
New revenue streams
The implications
Contractual SLA’s that must be met
Significant penalties for failure to deliver
Commercial and reputational damage if
an SLA is breached or contract is lost
Requirements
• 10x bandwidth per
connection
• Low-ms latency
• Five 9’s reliability
• 100% coverage
• >10x connections
• 50Mbps per connection
everywhere
• More cells
• 1000x bandwidth
Some ‘Requirements’ become ‘Contractual Obligations’
Significant CapEx and OpEx to deliver and maintain these metrics
Significant penalties incurred with failure to deliver and maintain

10. 5G meets all requirements - implications
Requirements
• 10x bandwidth per
connection
• Low-ms latency
• Five 9’s reliability
• 100% coverage
• >10x connections
• 50Mbps per connection
everywhere
• More cells
• 1000x bandwidth
The positive message…
Bandwidth is no longer an application limitation
Coverage is no longer a limitation
Reliability and availability is assured
The competitive implication
Bandwidth is no longer a differentiator
Coverage is no longer a differentiator
Reliability and availability are no longer differentiators
So, how will operators differentiate
themselves from one another?

11. The relationship between the first or second ‘B’
In B2B or B2B2C business models,
the first B’s price is one of the second B’s cost
The second B wants a service from the first B
at as low cost as it can get
If the second B has a choice of equivalent offers,
it will cause the competing first Bs to compete on price

12. Beyond the hype…
What is 5G’s business motivation?
Is it delivering high availability, high coverage, low latency (and sometimes high
bandwidth) connections to enable parallel industry opportunities to be addressed?
Or is it enhanced mobile broadband for consumers? Or both?
Competitive advantages
Early 5G launches will still deliver technical advances that offer MNOs differentiation
on basis of connection bandwidth, latency, coverage, reliability, availability…
• End game 1 – all operators meet all 5G requirements, thus no differentiation other
than on basis of price
• End game 2 – operators do not meet 5G requirements and still have scope to
differentiate, but then are not meeting the hype of 5G today
Either way, they are going to spend a lot of money getting there…
… and consumers are likely to be first to benefit.

13. Thank Youdan.warren@samsung.com
@tmgb