The document provides guidance on network design for 5G non-standalone (NSA) networking. It recommends option 3X networking over option 3 to reduce dependence on existing networks and improve 5G capabilities. The design covers OM networking, gNodeB naming and numbering, timing synchronization, transmission networking including IP interconnection, bandwidth calculation and QoS. It also addresses transmission reliability and security design. The document aims to help network design, service and marketing departments in 5G network planning and telecom operators' network development.
This document provides an overview of Ericsson's 5G NR-RAN Release for the fourth quarter of 2018. It describes the NR non-standalone architecture, including dual connectivity functionality and interfaces. It also covers topics like numerology, frame structure, deployment scenarios for mid-band and high-band spectrum, and transport functionality between the gNodeB and eNodeB.
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
This document discusses trends, challenges, and solutions for mobile backhaul networks. It outlines the rapid bandwidth growth requirements for LTE, higher service demands including enterprise services and security, and increased O&M challenges. Huawei's LTEhaul 2.0 solution is presented as addressing these issues through features like proactive O&M, SDN virtualization, seamless multicast, and carrier-grade security. Specific technologies like eMBMS, small cell backhaul, Ethernet demarcation services, and IPSec solutions are also summarized.
The document discusses fault analysis and troubleshooting of LTE antenna and feeder systems. It describes techniques like RSSI analysis, frequency scanning, interference detection tests, and DTP testing to identify issues like passive intermodulation (PIM) and determine if the fault is in the antenna tower or below. Parameters for simulated load testing and online interference monitoring are also outlined.
5G Network Architecture, Design and Optimisation3G4G
Presented by Prof. Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, TSO, BT at The IET '5G - State of Play' conference on 24th January 2018
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
This document discusses the intersection of 5G networks and open reference platforms. Open reference platforms using disaggregated RAN architectures and open interfaces can offer new user experiences through edge computing and adaptive analytics. Challenges include developing principles for graph abstraction of radio networks and understanding service layers and multi-tenancy in open and democratized architectures. Open source communities and standards bodies are collaborating on initiatives like O-RAN and ONAP to define open interfaces and platforms that enable a more programmable radio access network.
Digital transformation is at a critical juncture, with a diverse range of industries making changes that signifi-
cantly transform the way people live and work. These shifts have been driving advancements in the financial,
transportation, manufacturing, governmental, and many more sectors. Innovative mobile broadband technologies,
an underlying infrastructure, are a key driving force behind the digitalization of all walks of life. With
the rapid development of 5G, an increasing number of new applications and business models will reshape
the social and economic formation.
Such changes will stimulate strategic planning regarding industry opportunities, technical evolution,
network architecture, and other areas. Telecom operators are growing increasingly concerned with the
creation of a new target network to maximize return on investment (ROI) and achieve business success while
maintaining a competitive edge for the future. Global operators are promoting early deployment of 5G and
innovative business models through continuous 4G evolution. This has led to today's business achievements
and has laid a solid foundation for the huge potential of 5G.
With a gradual consensus being formed for the entire industry, all related players in the industry chain will
develop close collaboration to embrace a brighter future for the wireless network industry.
Continuous 4G evolution, a road to 5G!
This document provides an overview of Ericsson's 5G NR-RAN Release for the fourth quarter of 2018. It describes the NR non-standalone architecture, including dual connectivity functionality and interfaces. It also covers topics like numerology, frame structure, deployment scenarios for mid-band and high-band spectrum, and transport functionality between the gNodeB and eNodeB.
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
This document discusses trends, challenges, and solutions for mobile backhaul networks. It outlines the rapid bandwidth growth requirements for LTE, higher service demands including enterprise services and security, and increased O&M challenges. Huawei's LTEhaul 2.0 solution is presented as addressing these issues through features like proactive O&M, SDN virtualization, seamless multicast, and carrier-grade security. Specific technologies like eMBMS, small cell backhaul, Ethernet demarcation services, and IPSec solutions are also summarized.
The document discusses fault analysis and troubleshooting of LTE antenna and feeder systems. It describes techniques like RSSI analysis, frequency scanning, interference detection tests, and DTP testing to identify issues like passive intermodulation (PIM) and determine if the fault is in the antenna tower or below. Parameters for simulated load testing and online interference monitoring are also outlined.
5G Network Architecture, Design and Optimisation3G4G
Presented by Prof. Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, TSO, BT at The IET '5G - State of Play' conference on 24th January 2018
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
This document discusses the intersection of 5G networks and open reference platforms. Open reference platforms using disaggregated RAN architectures and open interfaces can offer new user experiences through edge computing and adaptive analytics. Challenges include developing principles for graph abstraction of radio networks and understanding service layers and multi-tenancy in open and democratized architectures. Open source communities and standards bodies are collaborating on initiatives like O-RAN and ONAP to define open interfaces and platforms that enable a more programmable radio access network.
Digital transformation is at a critical juncture, with a diverse range of industries making changes that signifi-
cantly transform the way people live and work. These shifts have been driving advancements in the financial,
transportation, manufacturing, governmental, and many more sectors. Innovative mobile broadband technologies,
an underlying infrastructure, are a key driving force behind the digitalization of all walks of life. With
the rapid development of 5G, an increasing number of new applications and business models will reshape
the social and economic formation.
Such changes will stimulate strategic planning regarding industry opportunities, technical evolution,
network architecture, and other areas. Telecom operators are growing increasingly concerned with the
creation of a new target network to maximize return on investment (ROI) and achieve business success while
maintaining a competitive edge for the future. Global operators are promoting early deployment of 5G and
innovative business models through continuous 4G evolution. This has led to today's business achievements
and has laid a solid foundation for the huge potential of 5G.
With a gradual consensus being formed for the entire industry, all related players in the industry chain will
develop close collaboration to embrace a brighter future for the wireless network industry.
Continuous 4G evolution, a road to 5G!
This document provides an overview of 5G technology and its advantages over 4G LTE. It discusses the different 5G use cases like enhanced mobile broadband, massive IoT, and critical communications. It describes the evolution of radio technology including the use of new spectrum bands and massive MIMO. It also covers network architecture aspects such as centralized RAN deployments and functional splits between centralized and distributed units. The document is intended as a tutorial for IP engineers to understand 5G network capabilities and requirements.
Prof. Andy Sutton: 5G RAN Architecture Evolution - Jan 20193G4G
This presentation explores the evolution of GSM, UMTS and LTE radio access network architectures before a detailed review of the RAN architecture options for 5G. The functional decomposition of the 5G radio access network presents the network designer with many challenges with regards placement of RU, DU and CU nodes, all of which are discussed. The presentation concludes with a review of BT UK plans for 5G launch with a fully distributed RAN in support of an EN-DC architecture.
Presented by Professor Andy Sutton CEng FIET, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, BT Technology at IET 5G - the Advent conference on 30 January 2019 | IET London: Savoy Place
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
The document discusses 5G radio access network (RAN) fundamentals and architectures. It describes how the RAN has evolved from previous generations with more distributed and virtualized architectures in 5G. Key aspects of 5G RAN covered include centralized/virtualized RAN, Open RAN specifications, functional splits, and new concepts like network slicing and multi-access edge computing. Example use cases are also mentioned.
The document discusses the evolution of network architectures from 2G to 5G. It describes the key network elements and interfaces in 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G networks. The 5G network architecture uses both a reference point architecture for the user plane and a service-based architecture for the control plane. The main network functions in the 5G control plane are the AMF, SMF, UDM, AUSF, NSSF, NEF, NRF and UDR. The UPF is the main network element in the user plane.
We are going to cover complete list of VoLTE IMS KPI and performance Indicators . This includes :-
VoLTE IMS Control Plane KPI
- RSR : Registration Success Ratio (%)
- CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate (%)
- CST : Call Setup Time (s)
- MHT/ACD : Average Call duration (s)
VoLTE IMS User Plane KPI
- Mute Rate (%)
- MOS Score (1-5)
- RTP Packet Loss (%)
- One Way Calls (%)
Packet Core 4G Network LTE KPI
- Volte Attach Success Rate (%)
- VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
- Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
- IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
- Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
Radio VoLTE KPI
- Call Drop rate (%)
- SRVCC Success Rate (%)
- Handover SR (%)
Advanced: Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes (CUPS)3G4G
This presentation looks at Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes (CUPS) which was completed by 3GPP as part of Release 14 specifications and is set to be a key core network feature for many operators.
CUPS provides the architecture enhancements for the separation of functionality in the Evolved Packet Core’s SGW, PGW and TDF. This enables flexible network deployment and operation, by distributed or centralized deployment and the independent scaling between control plane and user plane functions - while not affecting the functionality of the existing nodes subject to this split.
RAN - Intro, I&C & Basic Troubleshooting (3).pptxFelix Franco
The document discusses the evolution of mobile networks from 3G to 4G and 5G, including an overview of 4G LTE and 5G NSA architectures. It then outlines 4 deployment scenarios for a SKY network modernization project involving replacing 3G nodes with 4G and 5G nodes at existing sites, adding new 4G-only outdoor sites, and providing indoor 4G coverage. Product descriptions are provided for the Ericsson baseband 6630 and RAN processor 6337 for 4G/5G deployment.
This document provides an overview of LTE functionalities and features. It begins with background on LTE development and standardization. It then describes the LTE network elements and interfaces, including the radio interface between UE and eNB. The document reviews the RRM framework and lists key RRM features, providing status updates on which features are ready in the current release or planned for future releases. It also includes roadmaps showing the planned features and timeline for LTE releases. The document appears to be an internal presentation on LTE technologies and the Nokia Siemens Networks product roadmap.
This document provides an overview and summary of a project report on the installation, commissioning, and planning of a Nokia Flexi Edge BTS (Base Transceiver Station). It was submitted by Saurabh Bansal, an electronics and communications engineering student, under the guidance of his professor Sumit Singh Dhanda. The report includes sections on the history of Nokia Siemens Networks, an overview of BTS components and functions, radio frequency details, operations, administration, maintenance, provisioning, and commissioning of the Nokia Flexi Edge BTS site.
This document provides a troubleshooting guide for LTE inter-radio access technology (IRAT) handovers. It describes why IRAT is needed as voice revenues remain important while data revenues grow. It also outlines the applications of IRAT, delivery policies for idle mode, connected mode, and voice services. Signaling procedures for IRAT handovers including reselection, redirection, and PS handover are defined. Key performance indicators for IRAT including control plane delays and user plane interruption times are also defined to help diagnose IRAT issues.
The document provides an introduction to 5G architecture and use cases. It discusses how 5G aims to support services with diverse requirements through enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communication, and ultra-reliable low latency communication. 5G will have several deployment scenarios including non-standalone using LTE infrastructure initially, and standalone 5G networks. The core network is expected to see the most radical innovation since 2G, moving to a cloud-native architecture with network slicing, separation of control and user plane, and network functions that can be deployed flexibly. The smart grid is presented as a challenging use case that may benefit from 5G capabilities such as low latency and connectivity of millions of devices.
4G refers to fourth-generation wireless which aims to provide faster data speeds and more capabilities than 3G. 4G LTE and 4G LTE Advanced are competing 4G standards. 4G LTE aims to provide speeds up to 10 times faster than 3G, while 4G LTE Advanced, standardized in 2011, is an enhancement that provides even higher speeds and more advanced technologies. The key difference is that 4G LTE Advanced supports newer technologies for higher performance compared to 4G LTE.
8T8R antenna technology can help address challenges for LTE TDD deployment, such as higher propagation loss at higher frequencies and high indoor loss. 8T8R uses 8 transmit and 8 receive antennas to provide improved coverage and capacity over 4T4R. It can boost cell capacity by up to 40% and improve indoor coverage. Huawei's new 8T8R antenna solution supports frequencies from 2300MHz to 2600MHz and 3300MHz to 3800MHz, enabling flexible network configuration through soft split and beamforming functions.
The document describes the 5G registration process between a UE and AMF. It involves the following key steps:
1. The UE sends a registration request to the AMF via the (R)AN.
2. The AMF authenticates the UE and retrieves subscription data. If a new AMF is selected, it retrieves the UE context from the old AMF.
3. If registration is successful, the AMF sends a registration accept message to the UE to complete the process. It also notifies other network functions like SMFs and PCF.
This document provides an introduction to 5G technology, including:
- 5G aims to meet growing connectivity needs and fulfill diverse use cases such as drones, augmented reality, and the Internet of Things.
- 5G standards are being developed by 3GPP and ITU, with 3GPP specifying the radio technology beyond LTE known as New Radio (NR).
- 5G requirements defined by 3GPP include high peak data rates, low latency, high reliability, large connection densities, and support for high mobility.
5G networks use a split architecture where the base station functions are split into centralized and distributed units. The central unit controls the radio resources and handles signaling, while distributed units perform scheduling and handle lower layer protocols. This allows flexible deployment and reduced latency. Control and user plane functions can also be separated into different central units for further optimization. The split architecture evolves from 4G to allow decreased fronthaul needs while meeting latency demands.
5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems is abbreviated as 5G, and proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards. 5G planning aims at higher capacity than current 4G, allowing a higher density of mobile broadband users, and supporting device-to-device, ultra reliable, and massive machine communications. Its research and development also aims at lower latency than 4G equipment and lower battery consumption, for better implementation of the Internet of things.
This updated presentation/video looks at 5G Network Architecture options that have been proposed by 3GPP for deployment of 5G. It covers the Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture. In the NSA architecture, EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), NGEN-DC (NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) and NE-DC (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity) has been looked at. Finally, migration strategies proposed by vendors and operators (MNOs / SPs) have been discussed.
3GPP SON Series: Mobility Load Balancing (MLB)3G4G
This SON tutorial is part of the 3GPP Self-Organizing Networks series (#3GPPSONSeries). In this part we discuss the load balancing feature that was introduced as part of 3GPP Release-8 LTE. We also look at the enhancements in Release-9 and then the extension of this procedure to GSM (2G) and UMTS (3G) as part of Release-10.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
SON Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/SON/
This document provides an overview and detailed descriptions of Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) features in an evolved Radio Access Network (eRAN). It describes CSFB procedures for falling back from an LTE network to UTRAN or GERAN networks to support circuit switched services like voice calls. The document includes sections on CSFB architectures, handover decisions and executions, related interfaces, engineering guidelines, parameters and troubleshooting.
The document compares WiMAX and LTE TDD standards and networks. It discusses their technical differences such as standard, network structure, duplex mode, radio frame structure, access technology, and mobility. It also compares their core network configurations and provides examples of how services like VoIP and VPNs can be supported on WiMAX and LTE TDD networks. The document aims to explain the evolution from WiMAX to LTE TDD networks and some of the impacts this transition would have on terminals, network operations and maintenance, and charging.
The document discusses several topics related to computer networking including network topologies, physical and logical topologies, OSI and TCP/IP models, IP addressing, subnetting, routers, routing protocols, VLANs, and data flow diagrams. It provides information on LAN/MAN/WAN standards, the seven layers of the OSI model, classes of IP addresses, configuring router interfaces, routing protocols like OSPF and EIGRP, using VLANs to segment networks, and creating basic data flow diagrams.
This document provides an overview of 5G technology and its advantages over 4G LTE. It discusses the different 5G use cases like enhanced mobile broadband, massive IoT, and critical communications. It describes the evolution of radio technology including the use of new spectrum bands and massive MIMO. It also covers network architecture aspects such as centralized RAN deployments and functional splits between centralized and distributed units. The document is intended as a tutorial for IP engineers to understand 5G network capabilities and requirements.
Prof. Andy Sutton: 5G RAN Architecture Evolution - Jan 20193G4G
This presentation explores the evolution of GSM, UMTS and LTE radio access network architectures before a detailed review of the RAN architecture options for 5G. The functional decomposition of the 5G radio access network presents the network designer with many challenges with regards placement of RU, DU and CU nodes, all of which are discussed. The presentation concludes with a review of BT UK plans for 5G launch with a fully distributed RAN in support of an EN-DC architecture.
Presented by Professor Andy Sutton CEng FIET, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, BT Technology at IET 5G - the Advent conference on 30 January 2019 | IET London: Savoy Place
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
The document discusses 5G radio access network (RAN) fundamentals and architectures. It describes how the RAN has evolved from previous generations with more distributed and virtualized architectures in 5G. Key aspects of 5G RAN covered include centralized/virtualized RAN, Open RAN specifications, functional splits, and new concepts like network slicing and multi-access edge computing. Example use cases are also mentioned.
The document discusses the evolution of network architectures from 2G to 5G. It describes the key network elements and interfaces in 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G networks. The 5G network architecture uses both a reference point architecture for the user plane and a service-based architecture for the control plane. The main network functions in the 5G control plane are the AMF, SMF, UDM, AUSF, NSSF, NEF, NRF and UDR. The UPF is the main network element in the user plane.
We are going to cover complete list of VoLTE IMS KPI and performance Indicators . This includes :-
VoLTE IMS Control Plane KPI
- RSR : Registration Success Ratio (%)
- CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate (%)
- CST : Call Setup Time (s)
- MHT/ACD : Average Call duration (s)
VoLTE IMS User Plane KPI
- Mute Rate (%)
- MOS Score (1-5)
- RTP Packet Loss (%)
- One Way Calls (%)
Packet Core 4G Network LTE KPI
- Volte Attach Success Rate (%)
- VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
- Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
- IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
- Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
Radio VoLTE KPI
- Call Drop rate (%)
- SRVCC Success Rate (%)
- Handover SR (%)
Advanced: Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes (CUPS)3G4G
This presentation looks at Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes (CUPS) which was completed by 3GPP as part of Release 14 specifications and is set to be a key core network feature for many operators.
CUPS provides the architecture enhancements for the separation of functionality in the Evolved Packet Core’s SGW, PGW and TDF. This enables flexible network deployment and operation, by distributed or centralized deployment and the independent scaling between control plane and user plane functions - while not affecting the functionality of the existing nodes subject to this split.
RAN - Intro, I&C & Basic Troubleshooting (3).pptxFelix Franco
The document discusses the evolution of mobile networks from 3G to 4G and 5G, including an overview of 4G LTE and 5G NSA architectures. It then outlines 4 deployment scenarios for a SKY network modernization project involving replacing 3G nodes with 4G and 5G nodes at existing sites, adding new 4G-only outdoor sites, and providing indoor 4G coverage. Product descriptions are provided for the Ericsson baseband 6630 and RAN processor 6337 for 4G/5G deployment.
This document provides an overview of LTE functionalities and features. It begins with background on LTE development and standardization. It then describes the LTE network elements and interfaces, including the radio interface between UE and eNB. The document reviews the RRM framework and lists key RRM features, providing status updates on which features are ready in the current release or planned for future releases. It also includes roadmaps showing the planned features and timeline for LTE releases. The document appears to be an internal presentation on LTE technologies and the Nokia Siemens Networks product roadmap.
This document provides an overview and summary of a project report on the installation, commissioning, and planning of a Nokia Flexi Edge BTS (Base Transceiver Station). It was submitted by Saurabh Bansal, an electronics and communications engineering student, under the guidance of his professor Sumit Singh Dhanda. The report includes sections on the history of Nokia Siemens Networks, an overview of BTS components and functions, radio frequency details, operations, administration, maintenance, provisioning, and commissioning of the Nokia Flexi Edge BTS site.
This document provides a troubleshooting guide for LTE inter-radio access technology (IRAT) handovers. It describes why IRAT is needed as voice revenues remain important while data revenues grow. It also outlines the applications of IRAT, delivery policies for idle mode, connected mode, and voice services. Signaling procedures for IRAT handovers including reselection, redirection, and PS handover are defined. Key performance indicators for IRAT including control plane delays and user plane interruption times are also defined to help diagnose IRAT issues.
The document provides an introduction to 5G architecture and use cases. It discusses how 5G aims to support services with diverse requirements through enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communication, and ultra-reliable low latency communication. 5G will have several deployment scenarios including non-standalone using LTE infrastructure initially, and standalone 5G networks. The core network is expected to see the most radical innovation since 2G, moving to a cloud-native architecture with network slicing, separation of control and user plane, and network functions that can be deployed flexibly. The smart grid is presented as a challenging use case that may benefit from 5G capabilities such as low latency and connectivity of millions of devices.
4G refers to fourth-generation wireless which aims to provide faster data speeds and more capabilities than 3G. 4G LTE and 4G LTE Advanced are competing 4G standards. 4G LTE aims to provide speeds up to 10 times faster than 3G, while 4G LTE Advanced, standardized in 2011, is an enhancement that provides even higher speeds and more advanced technologies. The key difference is that 4G LTE Advanced supports newer technologies for higher performance compared to 4G LTE.
8T8R antenna technology can help address challenges for LTE TDD deployment, such as higher propagation loss at higher frequencies and high indoor loss. 8T8R uses 8 transmit and 8 receive antennas to provide improved coverage and capacity over 4T4R. It can boost cell capacity by up to 40% and improve indoor coverage. Huawei's new 8T8R antenna solution supports frequencies from 2300MHz to 2600MHz and 3300MHz to 3800MHz, enabling flexible network configuration through soft split and beamforming functions.
The document describes the 5G registration process between a UE and AMF. It involves the following key steps:
1. The UE sends a registration request to the AMF via the (R)AN.
2. The AMF authenticates the UE and retrieves subscription data. If a new AMF is selected, it retrieves the UE context from the old AMF.
3. If registration is successful, the AMF sends a registration accept message to the UE to complete the process. It also notifies other network functions like SMFs and PCF.
This document provides an introduction to 5G technology, including:
- 5G aims to meet growing connectivity needs and fulfill diverse use cases such as drones, augmented reality, and the Internet of Things.
- 5G standards are being developed by 3GPP and ITU, with 3GPP specifying the radio technology beyond LTE known as New Radio (NR).
- 5G requirements defined by 3GPP include high peak data rates, low latency, high reliability, large connection densities, and support for high mobility.
5G networks use a split architecture where the base station functions are split into centralized and distributed units. The central unit controls the radio resources and handles signaling, while distributed units perform scheduling and handle lower layer protocols. This allows flexible deployment and reduced latency. Control and user plane functions can also be separated into different central units for further optimization. The split architecture evolves from 4G to allow decreased fronthaul needs while meeting latency demands.
5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems is abbreviated as 5G, and proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards. 5G planning aims at higher capacity than current 4G, allowing a higher density of mobile broadband users, and supporting device-to-device, ultra reliable, and massive machine communications. Its research and development also aims at lower latency than 4G equipment and lower battery consumption, for better implementation of the Internet of things.
This updated presentation/video looks at 5G Network Architecture options that have been proposed by 3GPP for deployment of 5G. It covers the Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture. In the NSA architecture, EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), NGEN-DC (NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) and NE-DC (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity) has been looked at. Finally, migration strategies proposed by vendors and operators (MNOs / SPs) have been discussed.
3GPP SON Series: Mobility Load Balancing (MLB)3G4G
This SON tutorial is part of the 3GPP Self-Organizing Networks series (#3GPPSONSeries). In this part we discuss the load balancing feature that was introduced as part of 3GPP Release-8 LTE. We also look at the enhancements in Release-9 and then the extension of this procedure to GSM (2G) and UMTS (3G) as part of Release-10.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
SON Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/SON/
This document provides an overview and detailed descriptions of Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) features in an evolved Radio Access Network (eRAN). It describes CSFB procedures for falling back from an LTE network to UTRAN or GERAN networks to support circuit switched services like voice calls. The document includes sections on CSFB architectures, handover decisions and executions, related interfaces, engineering guidelines, parameters and troubleshooting.
The document compares WiMAX and LTE TDD standards and networks. It discusses their technical differences such as standard, network structure, duplex mode, radio frame structure, access technology, and mobility. It also compares their core network configurations and provides examples of how services like VoIP and VPNs can be supported on WiMAX and LTE TDD networks. The document aims to explain the evolution from WiMAX to LTE TDD networks and some of the impacts this transition would have on terminals, network operations and maintenance, and charging.
The document discusses several topics related to computer networking including network topologies, physical and logical topologies, OSI and TCP/IP models, IP addressing, subnetting, routers, routing protocols, VLANs, and data flow diagrams. It provides information on LAN/MAN/WAN standards, the seven layers of the OSI model, classes of IP addresses, configuring router interfaces, routing protocols like OSPF and EIGRP, using VLANs to segment networks, and creating basic data flow diagrams.
6G Training Course Part 7: 6G Technologies - Introduction3G4G
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at 6G Technologies. As this is a huge topic, we are only going to discuss the technologies at a very high level. Later on we will create more detailed presentations on 6G technologies. In this part we will look at some of the 6G technologies being proposed by other researchers, organisations, vendors and operators and create a summary of the 6G technologies that are being discussed. These technologies each merit their own little presentation that we hope to make in the future
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
Low-cost wireless mesh communications based on openWRT and voice over interne...IJECEIAES
Technology makes it easier for us to communicate over a distance. However, there are still many remote areas that find it difficult to communicate. This is due to the fact that communication infrastructure in some areas is expensive to build while the profit will be low. This paper proposes to combine voice over internet protocol (VoIP) over mesh network implemented on openWRT router. The routers are performing mesh functions. We set up a VoIP server on a router and enabled session initiation protocol (SIP) clients on other routers. Therefore, we only need routers as a means of communication. The experiment showed very good results, in the line-of-sight (LOS) condition, they are limited to reception distances up to 145 meters while in the non-lineof-sight (NLOS) condition, they are limited to reception distances up to 55 meters.
Himani Yadav has over 7 years of experience in the telecom industry testing wireline data networking elements such as switches, routers, and protocols including STP, RIPv1, RIPv2, IGRP, EIGRP, HSRP, BGP, IPv6, IPVPN, MPLS, and OSPF. She has experience with functional, performance, load, regression, acceptance, and scalability testing. She is proficient in debugging, troubleshooting, and understanding the bug life cycle. She has worked with tier 1 service providers globally, including projects involving design, testing, troubleshooting, and reporting.
The document provides details of 5G services offered by Bhadale Group of Companies, which consists of two subsidiary companies. The services include 5G network solutions, solutions for various network layers, 5G migration services, AI/ML solutions, designing 5G user equipment and applications, standardization solutions, industry-specific solutions, and 5G deployment models for private, public and hybrid networks. Key services are tabulated with descriptions of service features. Contact information is provided at the end.
LTE, LTE A, and LTE A Pro Migration to 5G Training : Tonex TrainingBryan Len
LTE, LTE-A, and LTE-A Pro Migration to 5G Training covers LTE, LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, features and enhancements and migration towards 5G. Other topics include: 5G NR, Air Interface Architecture, 5G Core (5GC) Architecture, Nodes, Interfaces, and Operation.
Topics Include:
5GC Overview
5G Technology Overview
5G System Survey
5G Architecture and Interfaces
5G Network Services
5G-NR Architecture, Interfaces, Protocols and Operations
5G-NR Signaling
5G Core (5GC) Architecture, Interfaces, Protocols and Operations
Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC)
Advanced LPWA for IoT
5G Signaling and Operations
5G Protocol and Architecture
5GC Network Solutions
5G Network Design and Optimization
5G Network Roll-Out
5G Capacity Planning
5G For Non-Engineers and Managers
5G RAN Signaling
5G RF Engineering
5G RF Planning
Learning Objectives:
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
Describe the evolution from LTE/LTE-A and LTE-A Pro to 5G
Summarize LTE-A pro architecture enhancements towards 5G
Describe the fundamentals of 5G networks
Illustrate the architecture of the 5G network including 5G NR,5GC
Describe Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Massive Machine Type (mMTC) Communications and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) features in 5G
Identify key 5G network functions, interfaces, protocols and interworking elements
Describe how the 5G NR works
Describe 5GC network functions and interfaces
Compare 5G Service Based Architecture vs. Reference Point Architecture
Describe ingratiation paths to 5G
Courses Material, Tools and Guides, Outlines:
Evolution from LTE/LTE-A Pro to 5G
Overview of 5G Network Services
5G Radio and Core Network Architecture
Network Slicing in 5G
Architecture Evolution from LTE/LTE-A and LTE-A Pro to 5G NR
Cloud and Open RAN Architectures
Control and User Plane Architecture and Bearer Types
Introduction 5G Core Network (5GC)
Overview of 5G Core Network (5GC) Network Entities
5G Network Deployment and Migration Paths
Case Studies
Request more information about LTE, LTE-A, and LTE-A Pro Migration to 5G Training. Visit Tonex.com link below
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/lte-lte-a-and-lte-a-pro-migration-to-5g-training/
The document discusses key technology enablers for 5G networks, including 5G radio, ultra dense heterogeneous networks, mobile edge computing, network function virtualization, software defined networking, network slicing, and internet of things. The objectives of 5G include supporting peak data rates of 10Gbps, guaranteed rates of 50Mbps, latency of 1ms for radio access and 5ms end-to-end, high mobility up to 500km/hr, location accuracy of less than a meter, and connectivity for over 1 million devices per square kilometer. 5G aims to enable a wide range of new applications through these advanced capabilities.
Interesting Whitepaper from #HCLTECH, though a bit old (2016) but good for beginners on 5G and introductory know-how about 5G start with IMT2020. Informative insights.
The purpose of this guide is to explain the enhancements in 802.11ac standard and provide guidance towards
migrating to 802.11ac with respect to network design, deployment, and configuration best practices for campus environments like offices, university campus, and dorm environments.
This guide covers the following topics in detail:
- Summary of Recommendations
- 802.11ac Features and Benefits
- 802.11ac Planning and Deployment Guidelines
- Best Practice Recommendations for Deploying 802.11ac WLANs
This guide is intended for those who are willing to learn about the 802.11ac standards and understand the best practices in deploying a high-performing 802.11ac
LTE is a 4G wireless technology developed by 3GPP to provide high-speed data and media transport, as well as high-capacity voice support into the next decade. It combines OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase peak data rates while improving spectral efficiency and lowering costs. LTE aims to meet carrier needs through flexible scalable bandwidth, support for FDD and TDD spectrum, and simplified network architecture. It is designed to evolve GSM, WCDMA and CDMA networks towards an all-IP packet-switched system.
Ericsson Technology Review: Simplifying the 5G ecosystem by reducing architec...Ericsson
One critical aspect of a successful 5G deployment is the mobile network operator’s ability to support user equipment, radio network, core network and management products that are manufactured by a multitude of device and network equipment vendors. The multiple connectivity options in 3GPP architecture for 5G have created several possible deployment alternatives.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article argues that there is a significant risk of ecosystem fragmentation if too many different connectivity options are deployed. After considering all the options, the authors conclude that a deployment approach based on options 3 and 2 will reduce network upgrade cost and time, simplify interoperability between networks and devices, and enable a faster scaling of the 5G ecosystem.
Last update: Feb 7, 2021
5G broadband began to be promoted throughout the United States, it not only brought users a faster Internet, but also brought a new technical architecture designed to further support 5G networks.
As operators around the world are looking for solutions to cope with the growing demand for mobile data, it is necessary to develop 5G technology.
One of those architectures is named device-to-device (D2D) communications, which refers to the communication between devices, which may be cellphones or vehicles. this system opens new device-centric communication that always requires no direct communication with the network infrastructure.
This is good because D2D architecture is predicted to unravel a minimum of a part of the network capacity issue as 5G promises more devices to be connected in faster, more reliable networks.
To understand the new 5G technology, the important point is that it does not only involve faster smartphones. In fact, technologists now call 5G the post-smartphone era.
Higher speeds and lower latency will enable new experiences that require continuous communication between augmented reality and virtual reality, connected cars, smart homes, and machines without lag.
Tonex provided 5G Network Architecture, Planning and Design
Tonex training introduced 5G technology, architecture and protocols. Also discussed 5G air interface and core network technologies and solutions. The course includes investigations of traffic cases and solutions, deployments and products. Covers 3GPP and IMT-2020 methods.
Learning Targets:
Explain the key 5G Principles, Services and Technical aspects
Explain the aim of implementing 5G within the existing mobile ecosystem
Describe a number of the 5G Use Cases and Applications: 3GPP and ITU 5G Use Cases (eMBB, URLLC and mMTC)
List 5G Network Features including: functions, nodes and elements, interfaces, reference points, basic operational procedures and architectural choices
Describe the overall 5G specification
Compare and contrast 5G system with traditional LTE, LTE-A and LTE-A Pro systems (3GPP version)
List and explain 5G RAN and core network architecture
Explain 5G access
Describe the 5G system engineering (access network, 5G core) method
Describe the use of NFV/SDN and network slicing in 5G systems
Learn about 5G radio access networks including 5G New Radio (NR)
Audience:
Engineers
Managers
Marketing and operation personnel
Anyone who want to learn 5G systems including 5G Radio Access Network (RAN), 5G New Radio (NR), 5G core and integration with LTE/LTE-A and LTE-A Pro
Course Outline:
Introduction to 5G Mobile Communication
Key Principles of 5G Systems
5G System Architecture
3GPP 5G System Architecture
5G New Radio (NR)
For More Information:
https://www.tonex.com/5g-training-education-5g-wireless/
Bhadale group of companies 5G converged networks services catalogueVijayananda Mohire
This are our 5G offerings in areas of convergence, co-existence and integration of legacy systems, software, hardware and apps with newer 5G functions and architecture
Dr. Wenbing Yao from Huawei Technologies gave a presentation on 5G updates at the INCA Seminar in London on July 12th. The presentation discussed how networks and services need to be ready for 5G deployment, including having the proper spectrum, network infrastructure like small cells, and developing the 5G ecosystem. It also reviewed the progress of 5G standards development and initial trials and deployments by various operators worldwide. Huawei outlined its investments in 5G research and trials conducted with partners to help bring 5G networks and services to reality.
Ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) is a key capability of 5G networks that enables applications with stringent requirements for latency of 1ms or less and high reliability. URLLC can support mission-critical applications in industries like autonomous vehicles, remote surgery, and factory robotics. 5G aims to provide both low latency and high reliability simultaneously through technologies like edge computing and new radio specifications. Later 5G releases continue enhancing URLLC through features such as redundant transmission paths and physical layer optimizations.
LTE: Building next-gen application services for mobile telecomsNuoDB
This document provides an overview of mobile network virtualization and how it enables telecommunications operators to reduce costs and support new services. It discusses concepts like network functions virtualization (NFV), software-defined networking (SDN), and the virtualization of different parts of the mobile network including the radio access network (RAN) and evolved packet core (EPC). The challenges of evolving networks through virtualization while maintaining service and revenues are also examined.
This document summarizes an LTE workshop held in September 2015. The workshop agenda included 5 sessions on introducing LTE features and objectives, LTE architecture and components, technical aspects of LTE, the continual evolution of LTE, and new services and experiences. Session 1 introduced the evolution of mobile technologies and growing mobile data traffic. It also covered LTE features, objectives, frequency bands, and device availability.
1Running Head Network Design3Network DesignUn.docxeugeniadean34240
The document provides details on designing a wide area network (WAN) to connect the locations of an organization. It recommends using point-to-point radio or leased line connections between sites. To ensure high availability, it also recommends redundant VPN connections over the internet. The document then discusses determining bandwidth requirements for each connection based on the number of users and applications. It provides specifications for routers, switches, firewalls, and cabling to implement the WAN design across the five locations.
Emerging Radio Technologies that are mmWave communications, Massive MIMO, Novel Waveforms and Multiple Access techniques etc. will provide ultra-high data rate traffic per user. However, only new Radio techniques implemented in lower layers of legacy networks could not guarantee the all 5G requirements, consequently the new network architecture along with new Radio technologies will emerge to fulfill all 5G requirements.
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Technical_Training_of_5G_Networking_Design.pptx
1. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
Huawei Confidential
Internal
2018/02/12
Technical Training of
5G Networking Design
2. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2
5G RAN2.0 supports only non-standalone (NSA)
networking. This document describes the network
design and recommended configurations in the
engineering preparation and goods delivery phase, as
well as the differences between gNodeBs and
eNodeBs in network design. It also guides network
design and implementation. This document provides
service, marketing, and network design departments
with network planning, while helping telecom
operators implement network development planning.
3. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3
Contents
Network Design Overview of 5G NSA Networking
OM Networking, gNodeB Naming and Numbering, and NE Timing
1
2
Clock Synchronization (Frequency/Time Synchronization) Design
3
Transmission Overview, IP Interconnection Design, Interface Bandwidth
Calculation, and QoS Design
4
Transmission Reliability and Security Design
5
4. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4
1. Understand the overall network design architecture, contents, and
deliverables.
2. Understand OM design (networking, reliability, security, gNodeB/cell
naming rules, and timing server selection).
3. Understand external clock source selection and recommendation
policies.
4. Understand NSA transmission networking (address, VLAN planning,
bandwidth calculation, delay, jitter, packet loss rate, and QoS
requirements).
5. Understand the network reliability and security requirements as well as
feature supports in target markets.
5. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5
5G NSA Networking Introduction
1. Networking of option 3X prevents issues raised by insufficient processing capabilities of existing boards. However, the impacts on mobility from areas with 5G
coverage to area without 5G coverage are greater in comparison with option 3.
2. Option 3X is recommended to reduce the dependence on existing networks and improve 5G capabilities in service expansion and network evolution.
Local site
EPC
BTS3900(L)
BBU5900(NR)
DC
X2
S1-C
S1-U
Option 3X
UMPTe
UMPTa/b
Local site
EPC
BTS3900(L)
BBU5900(NR)
DC
S1-C/S1-U
Option 3
UMPTe
UMPTa/b
X2
eNodeB (LTE)
MACLTE
gNodeB (5G)
PDCPLTE
RLCNR
MACNR
S1-U
X2
RLCLTE
GTP-U
GTP-U
eNodeB (LTE)
MACLTE
gNodeB (5G)
PDCPNR
RLCNR
MACNR
S1-U
X2
RLCLTE
GTP-U
GTP-U
Option 3 Option 3X
Dynamic data transfer ☺ Supported, and controlled by an eNodeB algorithm ☺ Supported, and controlled by a gNodeB algorithm
Impacts on existing eNodeBs
eNodeB service processing capabilities must meet the requirements of 5G S1-U
PDCP processing and service traffic.
☺ eNodeB service processing capabilities do not need to be
enhanced.
5G service expansion capabilities
5G service expansion capabilities may be limited due to insufficient eNodeB service
processing capabilities.
☺ Excellent 5G service expansion capabilities
UE mobility
☺ Small impacts on services due to eNodeB measurement and data transfer capabilities
when UEs move from areas with 5G coverage to areas without 5G coverage.
5G services are interrupted over the air interface when UEs move
from areas with 5G coverage to areas without 5G coverage.
Planning of transmission to/from CN ☺ None S1-U transmission links must be planned for gNodeBs.
6. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6
NSA Network Design and Comparison with LTE in 5G RAN2.0
Aggregation
S1-U
S1-C
Last Mile Access
gNodeB
IP Core
U2020
OM
eNodeB
X2
SeGW
PKI Server
MME
HSS
Serving GW PDN GW
PCRF
5G-Uu
5G UE
User plane
Option 3X (data transfer to 5G) is recommended.
User plane
Control plane
X2-U
traffic
5G NSA Integrated Base Station Network Design
5G NSA networking must be deployed together with LTE. For LTE network design, see LTE FDD Network Design technical training (eRAN 12.1).
OM planning (same as LTE)
Reference clock source planning (similar to LTE with a difference that 5G only supports GPS and 1588v2)
Service interface and address planning (option 3X: S1-U/X2; option 3: X2)
Interface bandwidth calculation (based on the NSA service traffic model)
QoS design (QoS design for transmission of NSA is the same as that for transmission of LTE; QoS design for the air interface will be supported in 5G RAN2.0)
Reliability and security design (same as LTE)
7. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7
Network design Network operation and optimization
Network construction
Network planning
Network planning HLD&LLD
Network
construction
Routine maintenance and
network optimization
New network deployment
New network deployment
(main scenarios)
Capacity expansion
required due to increased
service volume during
normal network operation
Network capacity expansion
Replacement of non-
Huawei devices
Network migration
Promotion of new
functions and
services
Network evolution
Network design scenarios
Position of Network Design in Network Lifecycle
8. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 8
Network Design Process
Contract
Target network diagram
Operator's requirements
Project
Information
Note: The inputs are
determined based on
requirements on
network design of
target sites.
Input Output
Input
HLD LLD
Information
collection
Planning Project
overview
Requirements on air
interface counters
Target network scale
System clock
Network reliability and interface
security
IP interconnection, bandwidth, latency,
packet loss, and QoS
O&M design (networking, gNodeB naming
and numbering, and NE timing)
Hardware resource configuration Network design
Note:
1. For details on hardware
resource configuration
design, see the 5G site
design training slides.
2. EMS and CN design for
5G is the same as that
for LTE and is not
described in this
document.
Design of operator's existing
networks
9. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9
Network Design Scope
SSL, IPsec channel, 802.1X, and others
5G site/cell naming
Timing for routine maintenance after gNodeBs work on networks
5G transmission port, IP address, VLAN planning, and others
Address planning, reliability, and OM security policies
Route backup, OMCH backup, and others
NE timing
Transmission reliability design
IP interconnection design
OM networking design
Transmission security design
Naming and numbering
QoS design
Recommended 5G QoS configurations and future QoS requirement
planning
5G clock source selection principles and recommended policy design
Clock synchronization design
Transmission bandwidth calculated based on the 5G traffic model
Requirements on the delay, jitter, and packet loss rate of 5G services
Requirements on the bandwidth,
delay, jitter, and packet loss rate
10. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10
5G NSA OM Design
OMCH QoS OM security policy
OM network topology and address plan OMCH reliability
Network topology
1. Co-EMS with LTE (recommended, same as LTE)
2. Separate-EMS with LTE (Features that require U2020 cooperation for
inter-RAT interaction, for example X2 self-setup, are not supported.)
Address planning is the same as that for LTE. (IP interconnection)
DHCP configurations during PnP deployment are the same as those
for LTE.
The maintenance IP address and service IP address are different.
The logical IP address and interface IP address are decoupled.
(Recommended, the same as LTE)
SSL secure communication is used. (Recommended, the same
as LTE)
OMCH backup function (used in remote HA U2020 systems, same
as LTE)
ADD OMCH: FLAG=MASTER…;
ADD OMCH: FLAG=SLAVE…;
The priority is high, which is the same as LTE. A DSCP value of 46 is
recommended for MML data and a DSCP value of 18 is recommended for
FTP data.
SET DIFPRI: PRIRULE=DSCP, MHIGHPRI=46, OMLOWPRI=18;
QoS design
gNodeB
eNodeB
U2020
UMPTe
DEVIP: 10.1.1.X
OMIP: 20.1.1.X
X2/S1IP: 30.1.1.X
Reference:
For details on PDCP during PnP deployment, see Automatic OMCH Establishment
Feature Parameter Description for BTS5900.
To enable SSL, choose Security > Certificate Authentication Management > SSL
Connection Management on the U2020. For details on how to enable SSL, see SSL
Feature Parameter Description for BTS5900.
Refer to the design of existing networks for how to deploy gNodeBs on LTE networks, 5G transmission addresses, route planning,
server deployment, and reliability and security solutions.
11. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11
5G Site/Cell Naming Design
Note: The naming rules are the same as those for LTE, as required by telecom operators.
Recommended site name: Region name+"_"+Site type+"_"+Site number. Abbreviate the region name if possible. For example,
Shanghai Jinqiao_DBS5900_1
Restriction: The site name is a string of a maximum of 64 characters. The string cannot be all null characters or contain any of
the following characters: question marks (?), colons (:), right angle brackets (>), left angle brackets (<), stars (*), slashes (/),
backslashes(), pipes (|), double quotation marks ("), commas (,), semicolons (;), equal signs (=), single quotation marks ('), three
or more consecutive plus signs (+), two or more consecutive spaces, and two or more consecutive percentage signs (%).
Recommended cell name: Site name+"_"+Cell+Cell number. For example, Shanghai Jinqiao_DBS5900_1_Cell1.
1. Cell numbers start from 1. If there are multiple frequencies on the operator's network, for example, the numbers of cells
operating at the first frequency are 1 to 5 and the numbers of those operating at the second frequency are 6 to 10.
2. Restriction: The cell name is a string of a maximum of 99 characters. The string cannot be all null characters or contain any
of the following characters: question marks (?), colons (:), right angle brackets (>), left angle brackets (<), stars (*), slashes
(/), backslashes(), pipes (|), double quotation marks ("), commas (,), semicolons (;), equal signs (=), single quotation marks
('), three or more consecutive plus signs (+), two or more consecutive spaces, and two or more consecutive percentage
signs (%).
Description of site and cell IDs
gNBId: a 20-bit ID. That is, the ID range is from 0 to 1048575.
gNBDuId: a 24-bit ID. That is, the ID range is from 0 to 16777215. In 5G RAN2.0, 5G is deployed on CU/DU integrated base stations, and therefore
this gNodeB DU ID is usually set to the same value a the gNodeB ID.
CellId: The ID range is from 0 to 255. A combination of the PLMN, site ID, and cell ID uniquely identifies a 5G cell in the globe.
NrLocalCellId: The ID range is from 0 to 255.
PhysicalCellId: The ID range is from 0 to 1007. (PCI multiplexing is required, but the PCIs of adjacent cells must be different to avoid interference
over the radio interface.)
12. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12
Item Recommendation Selection Policy
Timing mode
(The
recommendations
have a descending
order of priorities.)
GPS
1. If the operator's network can
access the GPS, use the GPS.
2. GPS antennas need to be
installed. There are special
requirements on the site
selection to allow GPS signal
reception.
Private NTP server of the operator Considering reliability, the private
NTP server is preferred.
NTP server in the U2020
Timing period
(configurable)
360 minutes
An excessively short timing period
will lead to frequent timing and heavy
load of the NTP server.
Number of the
timing port
(configurable)
123 by default
Reliability
A maximum of four NTP servers
can be configured on a base
station, with one of them as the
primary NTP server.
If synchronization with the primary
NTP server fails, the base station
synchronizes with other NTP servers.
NE Timing (Synchronization with Time Source)
Timing (synchronization with the time source) aims to ensure that the time on devices within a
network is consistent. This enables the devices to provide multiple applications that require timing.
The base station uses Coordinated Universal Time (abbreviated to UTC).
Note: If NTP time synchronization of the base station fails, the internal timing of the base station is not interrupted. The time deviation of the base station depends on the
internal clock precision.
When the internal clock is synchronized with the external clock source, the time deviation of the base station does not exceed 1 second each day.
13. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13
Timing Configuration (Reference)
GPS timing configuration
SET TIMESRC: TIMESRC=GPS;
SET TZ: ZONET=GMT+0800, DST=NO;
NTP timing configuration
SET TIMESRC: TIMESRC=NTP;
SET TZ: ZONET=GMT+0800, DST=NO;
ADD NTPC: MODE=IPV4, IP="10.10.10.1", PORT=123, SYNCCYCLE=360, AUTHMODE=PLAIN;
In a remote HA U2020 system, the active and standby U2020s use different IP addresses.
Considering security, configure both the two U2020s as NTP servers and assign the primary NTP
server. The following is an MML example:
ADD NTPC: MODE=IPV4, IP="10.10.10.2", PORT=123, SYNCCYCLE=360, AUTHMODE=PLAIN;
SET MASTERNTPS: MODE=IPV4, IP="10.10.10.1";
14. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14
gNodeB Clock Synchronization Design
gNodeB clock synchronization recommend time synchronization.
TDD networks adopt time division multiplexing and require time synchronization to mitigate inter-base station and inter-UE
interference. To achieve time synchronization, both frequency and phase synchronization must be achieved. The TDD clock
source must also meet the requirements for FDD frequency synchronization.
The requirements on clock accuracy of gNodeBs are described as follows:
Frequency synchronization: ±0.05 ppm as recommended by 3GPP. The deviation is ±0.5 Hz for 10 MHz clocks.
Time synchronization: < 3 μs (±1.5 μs) as agreed by 3GPP specifications.
gNodeB clock source type
gNodeB clock source working
mode
System clock source information
System clock source configuration
GPS
1588v2: The clock recovery quality is vulnerable to
the delay, jitter, and packet loss of data networks.
Manual mode
gNodeB
Clock
server
Network
Technology Counter Specifications
IEEE 1588v2 Jitter < 20 ms
Packet loss rate < 1%
15. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15
gNodeB Configuration (Reference)
• (Optional) If the clock source is 1588v2:
ADD IPCLKLINK: ICPT=PTP, SN=7, CNM=UNICAST, IPMODE=IPV4, CIP="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx",
SIP="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx", DELAYTYPE=E2E, PROFILETYPE=1588V2;
• (Mandatory) Set the clock synchronization mode.
SET CLKSYNCMODE:CLKSYNCMODE=TIME;
• (Optional) If the clock source is GPS:
ADD GPS: GN=0,CN=0,SRN=0,SN=7,CABLE_LEN=30,MODE=GPS,PRI=1,POSCHECKSW=ON;
1. The compensation value is calculated based the GPS feeder length to improve clock accuracy. An
excessively large difference between the configured GPS feeder length and the actual length will affect the
clock accuracy.
2. Whether to use the GPS clock relies on satellite card capabilities and operator's requirements. In 5G RAN2.0,
only UMPTe boards can serve as 5G main control boards. The UMPTe boards integrate GPS/BDS satellite
cards. Currently, GPS satellite cards are more widely used.
• (Mandatory) Set the clock synchronization mode.
SET CLKMODE: MODE=MANUAL, CLKSRC=XXX, SYNMODE=OFF;
16. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16
gNodeB Clock Source Selection
Synchronization
Technology
5G RAN2.0
Frequency
Synchronization
Time
Synchronization
Advantage Disadvantage
GPS Recommended Supported Supported
1. Each gNodeB is configured with an
independent GPS satellite card or RGPS device,
without the support of the network.
2. The clock accuracy is high.
Investments in the GPS satellite card or RGPS device and
their installation and maintenance are required.
IEEE 1588v2
Not
recommended
Supported Supported
1. Investments on equipment are low.
2. IEEE 1588v2 is a standard protocol. Therefore,
interworking between equipment of different
vendors is supported.
1. To provide time synchronization, all the transmission
equipment must support IEEE 1588v2.
2. The clock recovery quality is vulnerable to the delay, jitter,
and packet loss of data networks.
BITS (Building
Integrated Timing
Supply)
Not supported Supported Not supported
Synchronous
Ethernet
Not supported Supported Not supported
Clock over IP Not supported Supported Not supported
E1/T1 line clock Not supported Supported Not supported
17. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17
gNodeB Clock Source Introduction
gNodeBs obtain GPS clock signals
from the GPS through external
antenna systems and UMPT boards
equipped with satellite cards.
The GPS antenna system receives
GPS signals at 1575.42 MHz and
transmits the signals to the GPS
satellite card. At least four satellites
need to be traced.
• A clock server sends IEEE 1588v2 clock
synchronization packets to the gNodeB through the
data bearer network.
• All intermediate equipment on the data bearer network
must support the BC/TC function defined in the IEEE
1588v2 standards.
• Clock servers need to input precise clock signals by
GPS.
gNodeB
gNodeB
IEEE 1588v2 packet transmission path
Clock synchronization link
FE/GE link
Metro Ethernet
Or private packet
network
Router or
Ethernet switch
BC/TC
Router or
Ethernet switch
BC/TC
Clock server
BC
Clock server
BC
Clock server
BC
GPS
18. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Combined synchronization sources:
Page 18
Clock Reliability
Master and backup clock solution
1. Backup clock link
2. GPS clock + IEEE 1588v2 clock
gNodeB IEEE 1588v2
clock packets
IEEE
1588v2 BC
IEEE
1588v2 BC
SyncE
node
SyncE
node
Synchronous
Ethernet
IEEE 1588v2
clock server
GPS
SyncE
clock
signals Transport network SyncE
node
SyncE
node
GPS
gNodeB
GPS
GPS antenna
Transport network
SyncE
clock
signals
Synchronous
Ethernet clock
source
2. Combination of GPS and synchronous Ethernet
1. Combination of IEEE 1588v2 and synchronous Ethernet
19. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
5G NSA IP Interconnection Design Overview
X2-U
X2-C
EPC
eNodeB gNodeB
S1-U
5G UE
User plane
User plane
Control plane
S1-C
U2020
OM
Option 3X (recommended)
Option 3X (recommended)
UE signaling is transmitted from eNodeBs to the CN, and S1-C links are established on eNodeBs and
not on gNodeBs.
S1-U links are established between gNodeBs and the CN. S1 self-setup is supported. User traffic is
transferred to gNodeBs and LTE/5G DC is supported.
5G networks rely on LTE networks. X2 links are established between eNodeBs and gNodeBs. (X2
self-setup is supported only in 5G/LTE co-EMS scenarios.)
In 5G RAN2.0, 5G main control boards must be UMPTe boards. Each UMPTe has two 10 GE optical
transmission ports, each supporting a bandwidth of 10 Gbit/s.
If the transmission bandwidth of the base station is insufficient, use the following methods to improve
bandwidth capabilities:
Use two main control boards with one of them working as a transmission interface board (only for 5G).
Option 3
S1 links are established only on eNodeBs and not on gNodeBs. User traffic is transferred to
eNodeBs and LTE/5G DC is supported.
X2 links are established between eNodeBs and gNodeBs. (X2 self-setup is supported in co-EMS
scenarios.)
The interface bandwidth capabilities of existing LTE main control boards (UMPTa and UMPTb
boards) are insufficient and therefore option 3 is not recommended.
X2-U
X2-C
EPC
eNodeB gNodeB
5G UE
User plane
User plane
Control plane
S1-C
U2020
OM
S1-U
Option 3
20. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20
IP Address and VLAN Planning
Policies of intra-base station IP address planning
Base station transmission links include S1-U links (option 3X), X2 links, OM links, and clock links (optional).
IP Address Solution Advantage Disadvantage Selection Policy
Logical host addresses are used.
Service addresses and interface addresses are decoupled
and address planning is easy to be unified.
Service IP addresses in secure networking are not exposed
on public networks.
A single RAT occupies many IP addresses.
Default and
recommended
Interface addresses or addresses in
the same network segment as
interface addresses are used.
IP addresses of a single RAT are easy to manage and
maintain.
Gateway routes do not need to be configured.
Service addresses and interface addresses are coupled
and address planning is difficult to be unified.
This solution does not apply to secure networking.
Recommended plans for option 3X
1. If the interface bandwidth meets requirement, use one physical port to save physical resources.
2. Assign two logical IP addresses for each gNodeB, one for S1-U/X2 links and the other for OM/clock links. VLAN isolation is recommended.
3. Consider plans of operator's existing networks when planning interface IP addresses and VLANs for multiple gNodeBs.
Scenario Planning Solution Solution Description Advantage and Disadvantage
The base station is directly
connected to the gateway.
Different network segments
and same VLAN
It is recommended that the interface IP subnet mask be /30.
IP address wastes
Easy planning and maintenance
IP resources are sufficient
and VLAN isolation between
base stations is required.
Different network segments
and different VLANs
It is recommended that the interface IP subnet mask be set to /29 (compatible with VRRP
networking of remote routers; at least 4 IP addresses are required).
IP address wastes
High security and reliability
IP resources are insufficient
and VLAN isolation between
base stations is not required.
Same network segment
and same VLAN
It is recommended that the interface IP subnet mask be set to /25 and that a maximum of
100 base stations be deployed on the same network segment to prevent L2 network
broadcast storms. 50 base stations are recommended in the early stage of network
construction.
Less IP addresses occupied
Storm risks in the broadcast
domain
IP resources are insufficient
and VLAN isolation between
base stations is required.
Same network segment
and different VLANs
1. It is recommended that the interface IP subnet mask be /25.
2. Super VLANs must be configured on the gateway device and different VLANs must be
configured for different base stations.
Less IP addresses occupied and
isolates between base stations
Routes must support super VLANs.
Policies of inter-base station IP address and VLAN planning (depending on whether IP resources are sufficient and whether network isolation between base stations is
required)
21. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21
Communication Ports
If a firewall is deployed between the gNodeB and the peer device or NE (such as the
U2020 or S-GW), the corresponding communication port of the firewall must be
enabled. For details, see the latest communication matrix at
http://support.huawei.com.
gNodeB communication ports are the same as eNodeB communication ports. NSA
networking is based on LTE networks, and the firewall communication ports are
usually enabled on operator's networks.
22. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 22
Interface Bandwidth Calculation of 5G Option 3X
Parameter Default Remark
Number of Users 1200 Data source: number of users in a cell
Average Throughput Rate/User_UL(Mbps) 0.8
Data source: cell plan
Average Throughput Rate/User_DL(Mbps) 4.8
Packet Payload Size(Bytes) 700
X2U to S1U Ratio(%) 10
Data source: empirical value in the range of [0,100]
Data transferred to gNodeB
1. S1-U -> BTS5900 -> X2 -> LTE
2. S1-U -> BTS5900 -> 5G Uu
Enable VLAN YES
Data source: operator's network security requirements
(VLANs are planned by default.)
Enable IPSEC NO
Data source: operator's network security requirements
(IPsec is disabled by default.)
Duplex Type Full-Duplex
Data source: operator's network security requirements (Full
duplex is used by default.)
GTPU Head(Bytes) 12
UDP Head(Bytes) 8
IP Head(Bytes) 20
IPSEC Head(Bytes) 70
VLAN Head(Bytes) 4
MAC Head(Bytes) 18
Peak Average Ratio 1.25 Data source: empirical value, 1.25 by default
Control to User Ratio(%) 1 Data source: empirical value, 1% by default
OM Bandwidth(Kbps) 1024 Data source: empirical value, 1024 kbit/s by default
IPCLK Bandwidth(Kbps) 0
This parameter is available only when an IP clock server is
deployed.
S1U Peak Bandwidth(Mbps) 7838 S1-U interface bandwidth: 5G traffic
S1C Peak Bandwidth(Mbps) 79 S1-C interface bandwidth: LTE traffic
X2U Peak Bandwidth(Mbps) 784
X2-U interface bandwidth: LTE traffic (5G traffic is included
in S1-U traffic.)
X2C Peak Bandwidth(Mbps) 8 X2-C interface bandwidth: LTE and 5G traffic
5G Total Bandwidth Required(Mbps) 7848 Total 5G bandwidth requirements
LTE Additional Bandwidth Required(Mbps) 871 Additional eNodeB traffic
Interface Formula (Full-Duplex)
S1-U traffic
Number of users over the air interface x
Size of a single transport layer packet x
(Average downlink air interface rate of a
single user/Size of a single air interface
packet) x Traffic peak-to-average ratio
S1-C traffic S1-U traffic x Control to User Ratio
X2 traffic
S1-U traffic x (X2U to S1U Ratio) x (1+
Control to User Ratio)
Total gNodeB
traffic
S1-U traffic + X2-C traffic + OM traffic +
IP clock traffic
Additional
eNodeB traffic
X2 traffic + S1-C traffic
23. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 23
Interface Bandwidth Calculation of 5G Option 3
The differences between option 3X and option 3 are
as follows:
1. In option 3 networking, X2U to S1U Ratio equals 90%.
2. In option 3 networking, the transmission capabilities of the
main control boards in existing base stations are insufficient,
and this poses a limitation on the number of users in cells.
Parameter Value Remark
Number of Users 200 Data source: number of users in a cell
Average Throughput Rate/User_UL(Mbps) 0.8 Rate over the Uu interface
Data source: cell plan
Average Throughput Rate/User_DL(Mbps) 4.8
Packet Payload Size(Bytes) 700
X2U to S1U Ratio(%) 90
Data source: empirical value in the range of [0,100]
Data transferred to eNodeB
1. S1-U -> LTE -> X2 -> 5G
2. S1-U -> LTE -> Uu
Enable VLAN YES
Data source: operator's network security requirements
(VLANs are planned by default.)
Enable IPSEC NO
Data source: operator's network security requirements
(IPsec is disabled by default.)
Duplex Type Full-Duplex
Data source: operator's network security requirements
(Full duplex is used by default.)
GTPU Head(Bytes) 12
UDP Head(Bytes) 8
IP Head(Bytes) 20
IPSEC Head(Bytes) 70
VLAN Head(Bytes) 4
MAC Head(Bytes) 18
Peak Average Ratio 1.25 Data source: empirical value, 1.25 by default
Control to User Ratio(%) 1 Data source: empirical value, 1% by default
OM Bandwidth(Kbps) 1024 Data source: empirical value, 1024 kbit/s by default
IPCLK Bandwidth(Kbps) 0
This parameter is available only when an IP clock server
is deployed.
S1U Interface Peak Bandwidth(Mbps) 1307 S1-U interface bandwidth: LTE traffic
S1C Interface Peak Bandwidth(Mbps) 14 S1-C interface bandwidth: LTE traffic
X2U Interface Peak Bandwidth(Mbps) 1177
X2-U interface bandwidth: 5G traffic (LTE traffic is
included in S1-U traffic.)
X2C Interface Peak Bandwidth(Mbps) 12 X2-C interface bandwidth: LTE and 5G traffic
5G Total Bandwidth Required(Mbps) 1191 Total 5G bandwidth requirements
LTE Additional Bandwidth Required(Mbps) 1333 Additional eNodeB traffic
Traffic Formula (Full-Duplex)
S1-U traffic
Number of users over the air interface x Size of a
single transport layer packet x (Average downlink air
interface rate of a single user/Size of a single air
interface packet) x Traffic peak-to-average ratio
S1-C traffic S1-U traffic x Control to User Ratio
X2 traffic
S1-U traffic x (X2U to S1U Ratio) x (1+ Control to
User Ratio)
Total gNodeB
traffic
X2 traffic + OM traffic + IP clock traffic
Additional
eNodeB traffic
S1-U traffic + S1-C traffic + X2-C traffic
24. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 24
5G NSA Networking Requirements on Delay, Jitter, and Packet Loss Rate
NSA One-Way Delay (ms) Jitter (ms) Packet Loss Ratio
Optimum Value Recommended Value Tolerable Value
Optimum
Value
Recommended Value Tolerable Value
Optimum
Value
Recommended Value Tolerable Value
S1 interface 5 10 20 2 4 8
0.0001% 0.001% 0.5%
X2 interface 10 20 40 4 7 10
SA One-Way Delay (ms) One-Way Jitter (ms) Packet Loss Ratio
Optimum Value Recommended Value Tolerable Value
Optimum
Value
Recommended Value Tolerable Value
Optimum
Value
Recommended Value Tolerable Value
NG interface 1 5 20 0.5 2 8
0.00001% 0.0001% 0.5%
Xn interface 2 10 40 1 4 10
The following table lists 5G RAN2.0 requirements on the transmission delay, jitter, and packet loss rate.
The following tables list the requirements on the transmission delay, jitter, and packet loss rate after inter-site coordination and SA networking are
supported in the future.
Inter-site
coordination
The following table lists 5G RAN2.0 requirements on the air
interface jitter and packet loss rate.
25. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 25
5G NSA QoS Design Wireless network layer design
On the user plane, high-priority services are mapped to high-priority
logical channels based on the QCI types configured on the CN to
ensure preferential scheduling.
The control plane is always preferentially scheduled.
5G RAN2.0 supports QoS design.
QoS processing on the E-UTRAN side remains unchanged.
Transport network layer design
Transmission QoS control is performed between the local base
station and the CN or neighboring base stations. Different DSCPs
are tagged according to the data transmission priorities and mapped
to different VLAN priorities. The mappings are configurable.
Priorities are determined based on the operator's service
requirements. Service QCIs must be consistent with those
configured on the CN. You can configure the service QCIs
according to Huawei-recommended values. Signaling and OM
transmission bandwidth must be preferentially ensured.
User service classification
User-plan service types in NSA networking comply with LTE
specifications (QCIs 1 to 9).
New 5G service types are supported in SA networking.
X2-U
X2-C
EPC
eNodeB gNodeB
S1-U
5G UE
User plane
User plane
Control plane
S1-C
U2020
OM
S1-U
Wireless network layer
Transport network layer
Blue: option 3X
Red: option 3
26. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Page 26
Service Type DSCP (Hexadecimal) DSCP (Decimal) MML Command Used for Configuring DSCP Values VLAN Priority
User plane
QCI 1 0x2E 46 ADD UDTPARAGRP 5
QCI 2 0x1A 34 ADD UDTPARAGRP 4
QCI 3 0x1A 34 ADD UDTPARAGRP 4
QCI 4 0x1A 34 ADD UDTPARAGRP 4
QCI 5 0x2E 46 ADD UDTPARAGRP 5
QCI 6 0x12 18 ADD UDTPARAGRP 2
QCI 7 0x12 18 ADD UDTPARAGRP 2
QCI 8 0x12 18 ADD UDTPARAGRP 2
QCI 9 0 0 ADD UDTPARAGRP 0
Control plane (SCTP) 0x30 48 SET DIFPRI 6
OM
MML 0x2E 46 SET DIFPRI 5
FTP 0x12 18 SET DIFPRI 2
IP clock 1588V2 0x2E 46 SET DIFPRI 5
BFD Configurable ADD BFDSESSION
Configured based on existing DSCP values of the operator's
network
IKE 0x30 48 SET IKECFG 6
IPPM Configurable
ADD IPPMSESSION Configured based on existing DSCP values of the operator's
network
Ping packets 0 0 PING 0
GTPU echo detection 0x2E 46 MOD GTPU 5
TWAMP Configurable ADD TWAMPSENDER
Configured based on existing DSCP values of the operator's
network
TRACERT 0 0 TRACERT 0
Ping responses packets 0 0
No configuration is required. DSCP values of ping response packets equal
those of ping packets. Generally, DSCP values of ping packets from
transmission devices and CN are 0.
0
ARP None No configuration is required. 5
DSCP Value Range VLAN Priority
56 to 63 7
48 to 55 6
40 to 47 5
32 to 39 4
24 to 31 3
16 to 23 2
8 to 15 1
0 to 7 0
The right table provides the default mappings between
DSCP value ranges and VLAN priorities. If modification
is required, run the SET DSCPMAP command.
Huawei-Recommended Transport Network Layer QoS Configuration
27. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 27
5G NSA Transmission Redundancy and Fault Detection Design
After detecting transmission link faults, the gNodeB uses the corresponding redundancy mechanisms to perform active/standby switchover to
achieve transmission reliability.
Protocol
Layer
Target
Transmission
Reliability
Transmission Detection
Redundancy
Mechanism
Detection Mechanism Detection Period
Application
layer
OMCH OMCH backup OM heartbeat (enabled by default) 3s to 5s
Transport
layer
S1-U/X2 None
SCTP heartbeat and retransmission (enabled by default) 1s to 60s, configurable
Static GTP-U echo detection (disabled by default)
100 ms level
Static GTP-U echo detection (enabled by default)
Network
layer
Route and link IP route backup
BFD detection (disabled by default) 10 ms to 1000 ms, configurable
IPPM QoS detection, which complies a proprietary protocol and used for
routine O&M with higher accuracy and without affecting services (disabled
by default)
100 ms to 10000 ms, configurable
TWAMP QoS detection, which complies a standard protocol and used for
deployment and routine O&M with services affected
(disabled by default)
10 ms to 1000 ms, configurable
UDP packet injection QoS detection, which complies with a proprietary
protocol and is used for deployment with large traffic
(disabled by default)
1 ms to 1000 ms, configurable
ICMP ping (disabled by default) 1000 ms to 10000 ms, configurable
Route tracing (disabled by default)
Data link
layer
Link and
Ethernet port
Ethernet Port
Trunk
IEEE 802.3ah detection (disabled by default) 3s
IEEE 802.1ag detection (disabled by default) 1s
Physical
layer
Port None Physical port detection (enabled by default) ms level
28. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 28
5G NSA Security Design
5G NSA networking depends on LTE networks. Refer to the requirements of operator's existing networks for security
networking policies. No additional design is required.
Transport layer security of 5G is the same as that of LTE.
The following table describes 5G transport layer security policies.
Transport Plane Security Feature Protective Measure
OM
SSL (mandatory) and
IPsec (optional)
User service data encryption, bidirectional authentication, and anti-tampering
Port security
management
local access monitoring and alarm reporting
Local Ethernet port enabling and disabling
When SCTP links or PPP links are disconnected, the link disconnection causes are
reported. When links are recovered, the number of reconnection attempts is reported.
CLK IPsec (optional) User service data encryption, bidirectional authentication, and anti-tampering
X2 IPsec (optional) User service data encryption, bidirectional authentication, and anti-tampering
S1-U IPsec (optional) User service data encryption, bidirectional authentication, and anti-tampering
Device access
802.1x access
authentication (optional)
Access authentication (The RADIUS server must be configured with the Huawei CA
certificate and base station ESN.)
5G networking evolution analysis
Transport security policies are irrelevant to RATs but are related to operator's security requirements. In the future, the
security networking design solution for 5G SA sites will not change theoretically.
29. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 29
Network Design Item Sub-Item Planned Value
OM design Sites, cells, and parameters Network planning and optimization
OMCH
Co-EMS with LTE; OM IP address: 11.0.0.10 (site 1)/11.0.0.11 (site 2); Base station interface address: 20.0.0.10 (site 1)/20.0.0.11 (site 2) VLANs and routes are planned.
SSL is configured on the U2020. Whether to use OMCH backup is determined based on operator's existing networks.
Time source GPS
Clock synchronization design Clock source Specific GPS parameters are configured based on operator's existing networks.
IP interconnection design
Option 3X networking
S1-U/X2
S1/X2 logical address: 12.0.0.10 (site 1)/12.0.0.11 (site 2); EPC S1-U address
Base station interface address: 20.0.0.10 (site 1)/20.0.0.11 (site 2)
Co-VLAN of Service links (route planning); IP route backup (designed based on existing networks)
Ports described in the communication matrix. Ensure that the ports have been enabled on the firewall.
Interface bandwidth
calculation
2618 Mbit/s in non-secure networking scenarios where there are 400 users and the rate of traffic transferred to eNodeBs to traffic transferred to gNodeBs is 10%.
QoS design Configured according to recommended QoS
Reliability Configured based on operator's existing networks
Security Non-secure networking is used, 802.1x access authentication is not required, and IPsec is not deployed.
Case 1: 5G NSA Networking Design
Note: The U2000 in the left figure has been renamed
U2020.
30. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 30
Base Station
1. In the option 3X networking, a gNodeB connects to a 10 GE optical port on the PTN at the access stratum using a single 10 GE fiber optic cable. The port works at 10000 Mbit/s
in full-duplex mode.
2. The gNodeB considers the PTN L3 address as the gateway.
3. The PTN must support DHCP relay to support PnP deployment.
4. SCTP dual-homing is used between the eNodeB and the MME in the new network.
Bearer network
1. Access ring: The rate of the connection to the base station is 10 Gbit/s and the rate of the connections between transport equipment is 50 Gbit/s or 100 Gbit/s. In long-term
commercial use scenarios, a 50 Gbit/s access ring is connected to 8 to 10 base station, and a 100 Gbit/s access ring is used in scenarios with BBUs stacked.
2. Aggregation ring: One aggregation ring with 10 access rings for long-term commercial use and two to three new test networks
3. Core ring: N x 200 Gbit/s or 400 Gbit/s is used for long-term commercial use. The number of core aggregation rings depends on the base station distribution.
Example of calculating the peak bandwidth of a single gNodeB (calculated based on the total traffic of the three sectors among which the single-cell or single-UE peak
rate in off-peak hours is used for one sector and peak rates in busy hours are used for the others)
Scenario
Bandwidth of a Single
Base Station
Calculation
Average cell rate Spectrum bandwidth x Average spectral efficiency x Downlink subframe ratio = 100 Mbit/s x 17.7 x 75%
Peak rate of a single user 4.6 Gbit/s
1 x Peak rate of a single user x Transmission efficiency + 2 x Average cell rate x Transmission efficiency = 1.5 x 1.1 + 2 x 100
Mbit/s x 17.7 x 75% x 1.1
Peak rate of a single cell 8.5 Gbit/s
1 x Peak rate of a single cell x Transmission efficiency + 2 x Average cell rate x Transmission efficiency = 5 x 1.1 + 2 x 100 Mbit/s
x 17.7 x 75% x 1.1
Case 2: 5G NSA Trial Network Transport Solution and Bandwidth Calculation
32. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 32
Clock Synchronization
The transport network needs to be synchronized with clock reference signals, that is, synchronization sources, to ensure that
transmitted information is not lost or distorted. A complete and effective synchronization mechanism is essential for a transmission
network to work normally. The gNodeB needs to obtain the precise frequency from the clock signal provided by the transport
network. Without clock synchronization, the gNodeB cannot perform handovers. Clock synchronization is classified into frequency
synchronization, phase synchronization, and time synchronization.
Frequency synchronization: Two signals have the same number of bursts in
the same period. Frequency synchronization has nothing to do with the sequence
of burst occurrence and the start and end time of each burst.
Phase synchronization: Two signals have the same frequency and the same
start and end time of each burst. Phase synchronization has nothing to do with
the sequence of burst occurrence.
Time synchronization: Two signals have the same frequency, phase, and burst
sequence. The origin of the timescale for a signal needs to be synchronized with
the UTC. Therefore, time synchronization implies synchronization in absolute
time. The UTC is a universal timing standard, in which the atomic clock is
maintained accurately to ensure time synchronization across the world, with the
precision to microseconds.