The document discusses different forms of arguments: Form I contains premises stating that all A are B and that C is A, leading to the conclusion that C is B. Form II contains premises that if p then q and that p is true, leading to the conclusion that q is true. Form III contains premises that if p then q and that not q is true, leading to the conclusion that not p is true. Several examples are given for each form to illustrate identifying the premises and conclusions.

1. 4.5 Argument
A process of making a conclusion
based on given statements . The
given statements are called premises.

2. Three forms of argument
Form i Form II Form III
Premise 1 All A are
B
If p, then
q.
If p, then
q.
Premise 2 C is A p is true Not q is
true
Conclusio
n
C is B q is true Not p is
true.

3. Identify the premises and conclusion
of each of the following argument :
example 1
If x is an even number, then x – 1 is an odd number. X – 1 is not
an odd number. X is not an even number.
Premise 1:
Premise 2:
Conclusion :

4. Example 2
If x is a multiple of 2, then x is an even number.
X is a multiple of 2. x is an even number.
Premise 1:
Premise 2:
Conclusion :

5. Example 3
All acute angles are less than 90⁰. Angle PQR is
an acute angle. Angle PQR is less than 90⁰.
Premise 1:
Premise 2:
Conclusion :

6. Argument form I
Premise 1 : All A are B.
Premise 2 : C is A
Conclusion : C is B

7. make a conclusion for
each of the following
arguments.

8. Example 1:
Premise 1 : All values of x > 0 is a
positive number.
Premise 2 : 6 > 0
Conclusion :

9. Example 2
Premise 1 : all isosceles triangles have two equal
interior angles.
Premise 2 : ABC is an isosceles triangle
Conclusion :

10. Example 3
Premise 1 : all students wear uniforms to school.
Premise 2 : Haziq is a student.
Conclusion :

11. Example 4
Premise 1 : All factors of 5 are factors of 20 .
Premise 2 :
Conclusion : 1 is factor of 20

12. Example 5
Premise 1 :
Premise 2 : ABC is a triangle.
Conclusion : ABC has three sides.

13. Example 6
Premise 1 : All cuboids have six faces.
Premise 2 :
Conclusion : ABCDEFGH has six faces.

14. Argument form II
Premise 1 : if p, then q.
Premise 2 : p is true
Conclusion : q is true

15. Example 1
Premise 1 : if A(1,0) and B(1, -4), then the
midpoint of AB is C(1, -2)
Premise 2 : A(1,0) and B(1, -4),
Conclusion :

16. Example 2
Premise 1 : if h is a negative number, then – h is
a positive number.
Premise 2 :
Conclusion : - h is a positive number.

17. Example 3
Premise 1 : if m is a perfect square, the square
root of m is an integer.
Premise 2 : m is a perfect square.
Conclusion :

18. Example 4
Premise 1 : if x is a factor of 12, then x is also
factor of 24.
Premise 2 : 3 is a factor of 12.
Conclusion :

19. Example 5
Premise 1 : if x > 0, then 2 x > 0.
Premise 2 :
Conclusion : 2x > 0.

20. Example 6
Premise 1 :
Premise 2 :
Conclusion :

21. Argument form III
Premise 1 : If p, then q.
Premise 2 : not q is true
Conclusion : not p is true

22. Example 1
Premise 1 :
Premise 2 :
Conclusion :

23. Example 2
Premise 1 :
Premise 2 :
Conclusion :