This document discusses deduction and induction. Deduction is making a specific conclusion from a general statement, while induction is making a general conclusion from specific cases. Examples are provided to illustrate deduction and induction, including deducing properties of circles, polygons, and sets, as well as inducing general patterns from number sequences.

1. 4.6 Deduction and
induction

2. Deduction
A process of making a specific
conclusion from a general
statement.

3. Example 1 : deduction
The area of a circle with radius is πr ².
A circle has a radius of 7 cm.

4. Example 2 : deduction
All factors of 8 are factors of 24. 4
is a factor of 8.

5. Example 3 : deduction
Given the sum of the interior angles of
an n-sides polygon is (n – 2) x 180⁰.
Polygon x has 8 sides.

6. Example 4 : deduction
A set with n elements has 2ⁿ subsets.
Set P has 5 elements .

7. Example 5 : deduction

8. Example 6 : deduction

9. Example 7 : deduction

10. Example 8 : deduction

11. Example 9 : deduction

12. Example 10 : deduction

13. Induction
A process of making a
general conclusion form
specific cases.

14. Example 1 : induction

15. Example 2 : induction

16. Example 3 : induction

17. Example 4 : induction

18. Example 5 : induction

19. Example 6 : induction

20. Example 7 : induction

21. Answer example 7

22. Example 8 : induction

23. Example 9 : induction

24. Example 10 : induction

25. Example 11 : induction
Make a general conclusion by induction for the
sequence of numbers 8, 17, 32, 53, …, which
follows the pattern below.
8 = 5 + 3(1)²
17 = 5 + 3(2)²
32 = 5 + 3(3)²
53 = 5 + 3(4)²
…