3.direct & indirect speech
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This document provides information about direct and indirect speech. It begins by stating the learning outcomes will be to understand direct speech, indirect speech, and how to change direct speech to indirect speech. It then defines direct and indirect speech, noting the use of quotation marks. Examples are given to demonstrate changing direct speech to indirect speech, including changing verb tenses. The document also covers changing time expressions and includes examples of changing direct questions to indirect questions.
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The lesson plan discusses teaching direct and indirect speech to 8th grade English students. It includes objectives, subject matter, and procedures for a lesson involving differentiating between direct and indirect speech through examples, activities, and exercises where students practice changing sentences between the two forms of speech. Students will apply their understanding by writing about a speech on the role of media in society using direct or indirect speech.
Reported speech
The document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks. Several rules are provided for changing verbs and other elements like pronouns, adverbs of time and place when changing from direct to indirect speech. Examples are given demonstrating how to apply these rules to change direct quotations into indirect reported speech.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT NARRATION
This document provides information on direct and indirect narration including:
- Direct speech uses quotation marks and is word for word, indirect speech does not use quotation marks or have to be word for word.
- Pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and other words change according to specific rules when changing from direct to indirect speech.
- The tense of reporting verbs also changes depending on the tense in the original direct speech.
- Imperative, interrogative, exclamatory, and optative sentences also have specific rules for changing to indirect narration.
Direct and indirect speech
The document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken by someone. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea of what was said rather than the exact words. The document provides examples of direct and indirect speech using different verb tenses and discusses the proper punctuation to use for direct speech in writing. An exercise is included that shows how the verb tense changes when converting examples from direct to indirect speech.
Direct to Indirect in 5 easy steps by Prosenjeet Dasgupta
Direct to Indirect in 5 easy steps by Prosenjeet DasguptaFaculty in the Senior Section, Seth M R Jaipuria, Lucknow
This document provides information on direct and indirect speech in 5 steps. It explains the key differences between direct and indirect speech, including that direct speech uses quotation marks and reports the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea without exact words. The document then outlines 5 steps for changing direct speech to indirect speech: 1) removing quotation marks, 2) changing verb tenses, 3) changing pronouns, 4) replacing commas with connectives like "that", and 5) replacing words like "now" with words like "then". Examples are provided for each step. The document also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of direct versus indirect speech and provides rules for changing reported verbs and pronouDirect and indirect speech
1) Direct and indirect speech differ in the changes made to pronouns, tenses, temporal words and question forms.
2) In indirect speech, pronouns change to reflect the speaker rather than listener, tenses backshift, words like "this" become "that", and questions are reported with if/whether for yes/no questions and the wh- word for wh- questions.
3) Modals, the present/future tense of the original speaker, and wh- questions are transformed following set rules while maintaining the original meaning.
Direct and indirect speech
There are two ways to convey the words spoken by one person to another: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech quotes the exact words of the speaker, while indirect speech reports what was said without using the exact words. For example, if a friend John told someone "I will give you a pen" at school, direct speech would be "John said, 'I will give you a pen'" while indirect speech would be "John said that he would give me a pen."
Direct and indirect speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks and reports the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea without exact words. There are specific rules for changing verbs, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place when converting from direct to indirect speech. This includes changing verbs from present to past tense, changing first and second person pronouns, and replacing words like today with that day. Examples are provided to illustrate applying these rules.
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A detailed lesson_plan_for_grade-8_english
The lesson plan discusses teaching direct and indirect speech to 8th grade English students. It includes objectives, subject matter, and procedures for a lesson involving differentiating between direct and indirect speech through examples, activities, and exercises where students practice changing sentences between the two forms of speech. Students will apply their understanding by writing about a speech on the role of media in society using direct or indirect speech.
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The document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks. Several rules are provided for changing verbs and other elements like pronouns, adverbs of time and place when changing from direct to indirect speech. Examples are given demonstrating how to apply these rules to change direct quotations into indirect reported speech.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT NARRATION
This document provides information on direct and indirect narration including:
- Direct speech uses quotation marks and is word for word, indirect speech does not use quotation marks or have to be word for word.
- Pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and other words change according to specific rules when changing from direct to indirect speech.
- The tense of reporting verbs also changes depending on the tense in the original direct speech.
- Imperative, interrogative, exclamatory, and optative sentences also have specific rules for changing to indirect narration.
Direct and indirect speech
The document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken by someone. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea of what was said rather than the exact words. The document provides examples of direct and indirect speech using different verb tenses and discusses the proper punctuation to use for direct speech in writing. An exercise is included that shows how the verb tense changes when converting examples from direct to indirect speech.
Direct to Indirect in 5 easy steps by Prosenjeet Dasgupta
Direct to Indirect in 5 easy steps by Prosenjeet DasguptaFaculty in the Senior Section, Seth M R Jaipuria, Lucknow
This document provides information on direct and indirect speech in 5 steps. It explains the key differences between direct and indirect speech, including that direct speech uses quotation marks and reports the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea without exact words. The document then outlines 5 steps for changing direct speech to indirect speech: 1) removing quotation marks, 2) changing verb tenses, 3) changing pronouns, 4) replacing commas with connectives like "that", and 5) replacing words like "now" with words like "then". Examples are provided for each step. The document also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of direct versus indirect speech and provides rules for changing reported verbs and pronouDirect and indirect speech
1) Direct and indirect speech differ in the changes made to pronouns, tenses, temporal words and question forms.
2) In indirect speech, pronouns change to reflect the speaker rather than listener, tenses backshift, words like "this" become "that", and questions are reported with if/whether for yes/no questions and the wh- word for wh- questions.
3) Modals, the present/future tense of the original speaker, and wh- questions are transformed following set rules while maintaining the original meaning.
Direct and indirect speech
There are two ways to convey the words spoken by one person to another: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech quotes the exact words of the speaker, while indirect speech reports what was said without using the exact words. For example, if a friend John told someone "I will give you a pen" at school, direct speech would be "John said, 'I will give you a pen'" while indirect speech would be "John said that he would give me a pen."
Direct and indirect speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks and reports the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea without exact words. There are specific rules for changing verbs, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place when converting from direct to indirect speech. This includes changing verbs from present to past tense, changing first and second person pronouns, and replacing words like today with that day. Examples are provided to illustrate applying these rules.
Direct Indirect Speech
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech by modifying verb tenses, pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and punctuation. The key changes covered are changing present tenses into past tenses, changing pronouns, replacing words like "today" with "that day", and removing quotation marks when converting to indirect speech. The document also addresses how to handle different types of sentences like questions, commands, and exclamations.
Reported speech
This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words said, while reported speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word-for-word. When changing direct speech to reported speech, pronouns, time/place words, and verb tenses typically change. Questions are changed to a subject-verb word order and do not use auxiliary verbs like "do" or "did". Commands and requests are reported using "told" or "asked" followed by "to" plus the verb.
Reported speech
Here are the reported versions:
The Jones family said that they had had a wonderful time on their holiday. They said the weather had been beautiful and they had visited many interesting places. The children said they were sad to be back home.
The tourists asked the tour guide when the next tour would start. They also wanted to know how long the tour would last and what places they would visit. One of them asked if they could take photographs inside the museum.
Reported speech
The document defines and provides examples of indirect or reported speech. It explains that indirect speech expresses the content of statements, questions, or utterances without directly quoting them. It discusses how to transform different types of direct speech into indirect speech, including statements, questions, commands, requests, and advice. Key changes that may be required include changing verb tenses, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
Narration
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in 3 sentences:
1) Pronouns, tenses, places, times and other contextual references need to be changed according to reporting verbs used in indirect speech.
2) Questions and actions like orders or requests also require grammatical changes such as using "if/whether" for yes/no questions and keeping the wh- word for wh- questions.
3) Modal verbs and verbs referring to present and future tenses may sometimes remain unchanged between direct and indirect speech depending on the context.
Indirect Speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech reports what someone said without changing their words, while indirect speech reports the meaning of what someone said without necessarily using their exact words. When changing from direct to indirect speech, verb tenses shift back in time and pronouns, adjectives, place and time expressions are adjusted. Questions become statements and maintain other indirect speech changes. Reporting verbs are used such as "say", "ask" and "tell" along with various structures depending on whether a statement, question, order, request or suggestion is being reported.
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This document provides a lecture on narration from SN English Center. It discusses direct and indirect narration, including the steps to change direct narration to indirect such as changing person, tense, and certain words. Examples are provided to illustrate changing assertive, interrogative, imperative, optative, and exclamatory sentences from direct to indirect narration. Homework assignments are given to further practice and understand narration.
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This document provides information and rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech. It discusses how pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses need to be changed. Examples are given for each rule, such as changing "I" to "he/she", "here" to "there", and present tense verbs to past tense verbs. The document also provides exercises for the reader to practice changing direct speech to indirect speech according to the rules outlined.
Direct and indirect speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report what someone said verbatim, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and the tense and pronouns may change to reflect when the speech occurred. Some examples are provided of changing direct speech to indirect speech by modifying the tense based on set rules. The document also covers changing other elements like time references and locations when converting between direct and indirect speech.
Direct and indirect speech
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker, while indirect speech conveys the meaning without using the exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in the reported speech must also change to the past tense according to specific rules outlined in the document.
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The document provides rules for summarizing direct and indirect narration in English. It begins by defining direct and indirect narration, also called direct and indirect speech. Direct narration quotes the exact words of the speaker, while indirect narration reports the speaker's words in a narrative form without quotation marks. The document then outlines rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech for different types of sentences, including assertive/statement sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, optative sentences, and exclamatory sentences. It provides examples and explanations for how to change the verb tenses and structures based on the reported verb tense and type of sentence.
Reported speech b
The document contains gossip from several students about a new teacher. Maria said the new teacher didn't give any homework. Larisa said the new teacher had given all students an A last semester. Victor said students could eat in his class. Some students heard the teacher was easy.
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The document provides information on reporting or indirect speech in English. It discusses how direct speech is changed when reported by changing verb tenses and pronouns to reflect the new context. Various reporting verbs that can be used to report statements, questions, orders, requests and suggestions are listed along with their structures in indirect speech. Examples are given to illustrate the changes made between direct and indirect speech.
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Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of reporting what someone has said by changing some of the words while retaining the same meaning. Key changes include changing pronouns like "I" and "you" to the third person and changing tenses. Common reporting verbs used in reported speech include say, ask, offer, promise, agree, refuse, tell, order, warn, remind, advise, and invite. The structure can change depending on whether it is reporting orders, requests, promises or negative statements.
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This document provides information on direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. It does not change verb tenses. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and can change the reported speech without using the exact words. It often changes verb tenses. The document outlines the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, including changing verb tenses and pronouns. It provides examples of changing different verb tenses, such as present to past, present perfect to past perfect, and future tenses.
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The document discusses reported speech and how to change direct statements and requests into the reported form. It provides examples of changing direct speech into indirect speech based on the tense. It also includes a chart showing how to change the tense based on whether the original statement uses the present, future, present perfect, etc. The document concludes with examples of changing students' direct statements about their schedule and work into the reported form.
direct indirect speech
There are two ways to report what someone says: direct speech and indirect (reported) speech. Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker within quotation marks, while indirect speech reports the meaning without using the exact words. When changing from direct to indirect speech, there are typically changes to tense, pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verbs depending on whether the original statement was affirmative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory.
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There are two ways to report what someone says: direct speech and indirect (reported) speech. Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker within quotation marks, while indirect speech conveys the meaning without using the exact words. When changing statements, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, and exclamatory sentences from direct to indirect speech, there are standard changes that are made including changing the verb tense, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place.
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This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech by modifying verb tenses, pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and punctuation. The key changes covered are changing present tenses into past tenses, changing pronouns, replacing words like "today" with "that day", and removing quotation marks when converting to indirect speech. The document also addresses how to handle different types of sentences like questions, commands, and exclamations.
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This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words said, while reported speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word-for-word. When changing direct speech to reported speech, pronouns, time/place words, and verb tenses typically change. Questions are changed to a subject-verb word order and do not use auxiliary verbs like "do" or "did". Commands and requests are reported using "told" or "asked" followed by "to" plus the verb.
Reported speech
Here are the reported versions:
The Jones family said that they had had a wonderful time on their holiday. They said the weather had been beautiful and they had visited many interesting places. The children said they were sad to be back home.
The tourists asked the tour guide when the next tour would start. They also wanted to know how long the tour would last and what places they would visit. One of them asked if they could take photographs inside the museum.
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The document defines and provides examples of indirect or reported speech. It explains that indirect speech expresses the content of statements, questions, or utterances without directly quoting them. It discusses how to transform different types of direct speech into indirect speech, including statements, questions, commands, requests, and advice. Key changes that may be required include changing verb tenses, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
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The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in 3 sentences:
1) Pronouns, tenses, places, times and other contextual references need to be changed according to reporting verbs used in indirect speech.
2) Questions and actions like orders or requests also require grammatical changes such as using "if/whether" for yes/no questions and keeping the wh- word for wh- questions.
3) Modal verbs and verbs referring to present and future tenses may sometimes remain unchanged between direct and indirect speech depending on the context.
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The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech reports what someone said without changing their words, while indirect speech reports the meaning of what someone said without necessarily using their exact words. When changing from direct to indirect speech, verb tenses shift back in time and pronouns, adjectives, place and time expressions are adjusted. Questions become statements and maintain other indirect speech changes. Reporting verbs are used such as "say", "ask" and "tell" along with various structures depending on whether a statement, question, order, request or suggestion is being reported.
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This document provides a lecture on narration from SN English Center. It discusses direct and indirect narration, including the steps to change direct narration to indirect such as changing person, tense, and certain words. Examples are provided to illustrate changing assertive, interrogative, imperative, optative, and exclamatory sentences from direct to indirect narration. Homework assignments are given to further practice and understand narration.
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This document provides information and rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech. It discusses how pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses need to be changed. Examples are given for each rule, such as changing "I" to "he/she", "here" to "there", and present tense verbs to past tense verbs. The document also provides exercises for the reader to practice changing direct speech to indirect speech according to the rules outlined.
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The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report what someone said verbatim, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and the tense and pronouns may change to reflect when the speech occurred. Some examples are provided of changing direct speech to indirect speech by modifying the tense based on set rules. The document also covers changing other elements like time references and locations when converting between direct and indirect speech.
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This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker, while indirect speech conveys the meaning without using the exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in the reported speech must also change to the past tense according to specific rules outlined in the document.
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The document contains gossip from several students about a new teacher. Maria said the new teacher didn't give any homework. Larisa said the new teacher had given all students an A last semester. Victor said students could eat in his class. Some students heard the teacher was easy.
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The document provides information on reporting or indirect speech in English. It discusses how direct speech is changed when reported by changing verb tenses and pronouns to reflect the new context. Various reporting verbs that can be used to report statements, questions, orders, requests and suggestions are listed along with their structures in indirect speech. Examples are given to illustrate the changes made between direct and indirect speech.
Reported speech carmen
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This document discusses modal verbs and how they are used. It notes that modal verbs are used before ordinary verbs to express meanings like permission, possibility, certainty and necessity. There are two important things to remember about modal verbs: 1) modal verbs do not add "s" even for singular subjects, and they do not have a past form; 2) modal verbs cannot stand alone in a sentence, so they are always followed by the base form of the main verb without "to." Examples of modal verbs and their usage are provided.
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The document discusses reported speech, which is how we report what someone has said while changing some words but keeping the same meaning. It provides examples of changing direct speech into reported speech by changing verb tenses and pronouns. It also discusses reporting questions, orders, requests, advice and using structures like "reporting verb + object + to infinitive" and "not + to-infinitive".
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This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks and retains the same tense, while indirect speech changes pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses. There are three types of indirect speech: imperative, declarative, and interrogative. Imperatives become requests or commands using "to" verbs. Declaratives follow rules to change pronouns and tenses. Interrogatives use conjunctions like "if" or "whether" and question words remain the same. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes between direct and indirect forms of speech.
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The document provides an overview of reported or indirect speech. It defines reported speech and outlines the main rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, including tense changes, pronoun changes, and changes to time and place expressions. It also discusses reporting verbs, indirect questions, commands, requests, suggestions and offers in indirect speech, as well as exclamations. The document concludes with examples of changing direct speech to indirect speech and mixed types involving both statements and questions.
Reported Speech.pptx
The document discusses direct and indirect speech, also called reported speech. It explains how to change the tense and time/place words when converting direct speech to indirect speech, depending on whether the reporting verb is in the past or present tense. The rules are illustrated with examples, such as changing "I am going" to "I was going" or "today" to "that day". Imperative, interrogative and yes/no questions are also addressed.
19465 lecture15 15-19541_narration concepts -ppt
The document discusses direct and indirect speech in English. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word-for-word. Indirect speech requires changing pronouns, adverbs of time and verbs to reflect the current tense. Commands and questions also change structure in indirect speech.
Direct/indirect speech Presentation
- Direct speech reports the exact words spoken, using quotation marks. Indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks, changing pronouns, tenses, and other elements as needed.
- When changing from direct to indirect speech, tenses change if the reporting verb is in the past tense. Punctuation, pronouns, time/place references, and questions/exclamations are also adjusted following set rules.
- Modals like "can" change to "could" and verbs reflect whether the speech is a request, command, or other intention through verbs like "request", "order", and "advise".
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3.direct & indirect speech
- 1. Chairman Mao Zedong High School ENGLISH 2nd LANGUAGE Direct Speech & Indirect Speech By: Mr. Fillipus Lineekela
- 2. Exit Learning Outcomes By the end of this unit you should be able to:
- 3. DIRECT SPEECH •Direct speech means to say exactly what the other one said. •Quotation marks have to be used in a direct speech.
- 4. INDIRECT SPEECH • Indirect speech refers to a sentence expressing what the other said. • Quotation marks are not used in an indirect speech. • However, in an indirect speech, the tense should be changed; that is because when an indirect speech is used, it is always used to talk about a time in the past. • Sometimes an indirect speech will use a reporting verb such as: tell, ask say.
- 5. Direct Speech & Indirect Speech EXAMPLE Direct Speech Miss Wang said, “I am going swimming” “The dinner will be ready in ten minutes” My mother said. Indirect Speech Miss Wang said she was going swimming. My mother said the dinner would be ready in ten minutes.
- 6. Direct Speech & Indirect Speech Tense change in indirect speeches: Direct Speech / Present Simple Indirect Speech / Past Simple Mary said, “ I am cold.” Mary said she was cold. Janet said, “I will be eighteen.” Janet said she would be eighteen.
- 7. Direct Speech & Indirect Speech Direct Speech / Present continuous Indirect Speech / Past continuous “It is raining outside” Mom said. Mom said it was raining outside. “I am waiting for you” Linda said. Linda said she was waiting for me.
- 8. Direct Speech & Indirect Speech Direct Speech / Present perfect Indirect Speech / Past perfect Joe said, “I have lived here for 10 years”. Joe said he had lived here for 10 years. Mark said, “I have finished it.” Mark said he had finished it.
- 9. Direct Speech & Indirect Speech Direct Speech / Present Simple Indirect Speech / Past Simple Mike said,” I can dance.” Mike said he could dance. Mark said, “I must go.” Mark said he had to go.
- 10. The change of time expression: • The time expression should be changed if it is included in an indirect speech. Direct Speech Indirect Speech now then today that day this morning that morning yesterday the day before / the previous day
- 11. The change of time expression: Direct Speech Indirect Speech yesterday morning the morning before / the previous morning last night the night before / the previous night last Monday the Monday before / the previous Monday ago before
- 12. The change of time expression: Direct Speech Indirect Speech two days ago two days before tomorrow the next day next week the following week here there
- 13. Direct Speech & Indirect Speech •“Whether” and “if” should be put before an indirect speech if we change a direct speech question sentence into an indirect speech sentence.
- 14. EXAMPLE • Direct Speech: The teacher asked me, "Have you finished your exercises?" • Indirect Speech: The teacher asked me whether I had finished my exercises. • Direct Speech: Mr. Lee asked him, "Do you know how to say it in English?" • Indirect Speech: Mr. Lee asked him if he knew how to say it in English.
- 15. Indirect Questions •Indirect questions are polite, longer forms of normal questions. Indirect questions are formed of two parts: a polite expression, and a question which has no subject/verb inversion like a normal question.
- 16. For example: • Do you know where she comes from? • The polite expression is "Do you know...", • and the question part is ".where she comes from.” • The Verb “do” and “does” is not used in indirect questions, and question marks are not used, either.
- 17. The rules for forming an indirect question sentence are listed in the following table: Direct Question Indirect Question Where did you go last night? Please let me know where you went last night. Direct Question Indirect Question What will you buy? I wonder what you will buy.
- 18. The rules continue….. Direct Question Indirect Question Where did you go last night? Please let me know where you went last night. Direct Question Indirect Question What will you buy? I wonder what you will buy.
- 19. -The End-