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Reported speech
This document provides information about direct and reported speech including: - Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while reported speech does not use quotation marks and conveys the general meaning without exact words. - There are rules for changing direct to reported speech like changing pronouns to agree with the subject of the reporting clause, and changing tense appropriately. - Examples are given to demonstrate changing pronouns from first person to third person or second person based on the subject and object of reporting. - A chart shows the changes to personal pronouns in reported speech.
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Reported speech
- 2. Warm- Up Activity • • • • • • • • Iam playing cricket. Statement Ali: I am playing cricket. Dialogue Ali said, “I am playing cricket”. Direct speech Ali said that he was playing cricket. Reported speech or indirect speech
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- 4. Index • • • • • Preamble Reported Speech Direct Speech Howto change direct to indirect speech Rules with Examples
- 5. Preamble • Report isto tell something in a formal way. • Reported speech is to report the words of someone in your own way.
- 6. Reported Speech • Reportedspeech permits us to use the speaker’s words or thoughts and make them part of our own speech. • Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words.
- 7. Direct Speech There aretwo parts of direct speech. He said,“ I am a boy.” • He said, • Reporting speech • Outside the quotation marks • “ I am a boy.” • Reported speech • inside the quotation marks • exact words of speaker
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- 10. Rules Nasima Says, “Heis a poor man.” Nasima says that he is a poor man.
- 11. Rules Nasima says, “Heis a poor man.” Nasima says that he is a poor man. In all sentences, • Remove the comma present before the first quotation mark.
- 12. Rules Nasima Says, “Heis a poor man.” Nasima says that he is a poor man. In all sentences, • No use of quotation marks in Reported Speech.
- 13. Rules Nasima Says, “Heis a poor man.” Nasima says that he is a poor man. In all sentences, • To join both parts , commonly, “ that” is used.
- 14. Rules When reporting, theremust be done three types of changes: • Change in pronoun • Change in tense • Change in particular words
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- 16. Examples Quoted Speech • Theysay, “ We are playing.” • She says, “ I will be a teacher.” • You say, “ I have to wear uniform.” Reported Speech • They say that they are playing. • She says that she will be a teacher. • You say that you have to wear uniform.
- 17. Persons First Person Chart Of Personal Pronouns Cases Singular I My, Mine Me Plural We Our, Ours Us Singular& Plural You Your, Yours You He His Him She Her, Hers Her It Its It They Their, Theirs Them Second Person Singular Third Person Plural Subjective Possessive case case Objective case
- 18. Rules S First person ofReported speech changes according to the Subject of Reporting Speech She says, “I am a girl.” She says that She is a girl.
- 19. Rules S O Second person ofReported speech changes according to the Object of Reporting Speech I say to him, “You are a boy.” I say to him that he is a boy.
- 20. Rules S O N If there isThird person of Reported speech, No change will be observed. I say to him, “He has taken tea.” I say to him that he has taken tea.
- 21. Rules SON First person ofReported speech changes according to the Subject of Reporting Speech She says, “I am a girl.” She says that She is a girl. If there is Third person of Reported speech, No change will be observed. I say to him, “He has taken tea.” I say to him that he has taken tea. Second person of Reported speech changes according to the Object of Reporting Speech I say to him, “You are a boy.” I say to him that he is a boy.
- 22. Review • • • • • Direct and IndirectSpeech Reported Speech Reporting Speech How to change direct to indirect speech Change Of Pronouns
- 24. ASSESSMENT Quoted Speech • Rashidsays to his brother, “I like your books.” • The mother says to her baby, “ I cannot leave you alone.” • You say, “ He likes to play hockey.” Reported Speech • Rashid says that he likes his brother’s books. • The mother says to her baby that she cannot leave her alone. • You say that he likes to play hockey.
- 26. Homework Write ten sentencesin direct speech and change them into reported speech.
- 27. End-note In this lesson,we discussed • what is reported speech • Change of pronoun Next, we will come to know how to • Change the Tense and • Change in certain words