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2. Can you
help me?
What did Alan ask us?
Alan asked us to help him.
Directed Speech
Reported Speech / Indirect Speech

3. What is Reported Speech?
• Reported Speech is a
way how we report
what someone has said
by changing some of
the words said, but
keeping the same
meaning.

4. He said, “I love you”
He said (that) he loved me.
Peter said, “I’m seeing the doctor
tomorrow”.
Peter said (that) he was seeing the doctor
the following day.

5. Direct speech Reported speech
Present simple
Past simple
Present continuous
Past continuous
Past simple
Past Perfect
Past continuous
past perfect continuous
shall / will
should , would
can, may
could, might
must
had to

6. • ‘I like peaches’.
He said he liked peaches.
• ‘I was joking about the price.’
He said he had been joking about the
price.
• ‘I hadn’t seen her before that day.’
You said you hadn’t seen her before that
day.
• ‘I must go.’
He said he had to go.

7. • ‘I can swim.’
She thought she couldcould swim.
• ‘We will be late.’
I told him we wouldwould be late.

8. Reporting questions
Two kinds of questions
1. Yes / No questions
He wanted to know if / whether I was leaving.
‘Are you leaving?’ he said.
s vaux
aux s v

9. Reported speech
2. Wh-questions
‘Where is the President staying?’ the reporter said.
Wh-word aux s v
The reporter asked where the President was staying.
Wh-word s aux v

10. Can I
help you?
What did the
woman say to us?
She offered to help us.
reporting
verb
to-infinitive

11. Notice
The reporting verbs that we can
use in this structure include:
Offer, promise, agree, refuse etc.

12. Reported orders, requests….
When we report orders, requests,
warnings, advice, invitations etc, we
can use the structure:
Reporting verb + object + to infinitive

13. Can you tell
me how to read
the word,
John?
The girl asked John to tell her how to read the word.
Notice :
The change
of pronouns
What did the girl say?
reporting verb + object + to-infinitive

14. Notice
The reporting verbs that we can use in
this structure include:
tell, ask, order, warn, remind,
advise, invite etc.

15. Amy, I think you
should do your
homework.
What did mother say to
Amy?
Mother advised Amy to
do her homework.

16. Reporting negative orders,
promises, advices…..
In negative orders, promises,
requests,etc, we use the structure:
not + to-infinitive

17. Don’t eat too
much sweet.
What did the dentist
ask Joe?
The dentist asked Joe not to eat too much sweet.
not + to-infinitive

18. Time and places changes
• Now
Then
• This
That
• These
those
• Here
There
• Today
That day
• Yesterday
the day before
• Tomorrow
the next day

19. Please be
careful when
you pass me
the box.
What did the woman
say to the man?
She asked him to
be careful when
he passes her the
box.