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3D PRINTERS
AND ITS
APPLICATIONS
Dr Arvinder Singh
Professor
Deptt.of Radiodiagnosis
GMC Amritsar
3D PRINTER EXPLAINED
• Organ failure due to aging, disease, accidents and birth
defects.Current treatment of organ failure relies mostly on organ
transplants from living or the deceased.
• There is chronic shortage of human organ availability for
transplant, and it is a difficult task of finding a donor who is a
tissue match.
• Hence therapies based on tissue engineering and regenerative
medicine are a potential solution for organ donor shortage .
THE NEED OF 3D PRINTING IN MEDICINE is in …..
WHAT IS 3D PRINTING……………
• 3D printing is a manufacturing method in which objects are made
by fusion or depositing materials-such as plastic, metal, ceramics,
powder, liquids or even living cells in layers to produce a 3D-
OBJECT.
• This process is also referred to as Additive Manufacturing
(AM),Rapid prototyping (RP) or Solid Free form technology (SFF).
3D Printing
Process……
• There are about two dozen of printing processes using
varying 3D printer technologies, speed & resolution
with hundred of 3D building materials.
• These technologies can build a 3D object in any
imaginable shape as defined in the Computer aided
design(CAD.)file.
• In the basic step,
The 3D printer first follow the instructions in the
CAD. file to build the foundation for the object, moving
the printer head in the X-Y axis ( x-y ) in
horizontal plane.
• The printer then follows the print head in Z-axis to
build the object vertically layer to layer.
Contd…….
Filament
Extruder
Hot End
Print Bed
Z-axis
3D PRINTER
COMMON TYPES OF 3D PRINTERS
Slide Title
• Make Effective Presentations
• Using Awesome Backgrounds
• Engage your Audience
• Capture Audience Attention
SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS)
Slide Title
Product A
• Feature 1
• Feature 2
• Feature 3
Product B
• Feature 1
• Feature 2
• Feature 3
Formed
Object
SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS) PRINTER
It is a non contact technique that uses thermal technology to deposit
BIOINK tiny droplets of living cells or biomaterials on to the substrate
according to digital instructions.
The droplet deposition is done using heat to eject the ink drops.
Heating the printhead creates small air bubbles that collpase creating
pressure pulses that eject ink drops in volume of 10 to 150 picoliters.
THERMAL INKJET PRINTING (TIJ)
Modeling
material
Support
Material
Resin Tank
THERMAL INKJET PRINTING (TIJ) PRINTER
FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING (FDM)
Bioink
containing cells
Formed vessel
FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING (FDM) PRINTER
•Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
•Powders of plaster (POP)
•Teflon
•Mixer of polyamide with glass beads
•Metals- Titanium,Aluminium
MATERIAL SELECTION FOR 3D PRINTING
RIGID MATERIALS
•Elastomeric resins
•Nylon: Polyamide
•Alumide = Polyamide + Aluminium
•Strong plastic like legos
USED TO MAKE
- Cartilaginous tissues for dissection purposes.
- Tumours in the context of surgical simulation,
- Arteries to practice transcatheter valve
replacements.
- Soft dummy models can be used to learn biopsy
procedures in Radiology
FLEXIBLE MATERIALS
Medical applications for 3D Printing are expanding rapidly and are
expected to revolutionize the health care. Medical uses of 3D Printing,
can be organized into 4 broad categories:
1.Tissue and Organ Fabrication
2.Creation of customized prosthetics.
3.Implants & anatomical models.
4.Pharmaceutical research regarding drug dose forms,
delivery and discovery.
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF 3D-PRINTING
•3D Bioprinting offers important advantages over the traditional
regenerative methods by:
- Highly precise cell placement
- Precise Cell concentration
•Organs printing takes advantage of 3D printing cell laden biomaterials
,layer by layer ,creating 3D tissue like structures.
•Various materials are available to build scaffolds,depending upon the
strength, porosity and type of tissue with HYDROGELS most suitable for
producing soft tissues.
1. TISSUE & ORGAN FABRICATION
3D PRINTED CARDIAC VALVE
Made from alginate,smooth muscle cells and valve
interstitial cells to control valve stiffness.
3D PRINTED HEART
•Implants & prosthesis can be made into any imaginable geometry
through the translation of X ray,CT or MRI Scan (DICOM file) into
digital.stl 3D print file.
•In this way the 3D printing had been successfully used in health care
sector to construct standard & customised prosthetic limbs and surgical
implants,within 24hours.
This approach has been used to fabricate dental,spinal & hip implants.
2.CUSTOMISED IMPLANTS & PROSTHESIS
First 3D Printed
Polymer Implant over
skull
3D Printed blood vessel lined with
tissue
Low cost 3D Printed
Prosthetic Fingers
3D printed metallic
Bone Implant
3D Printed
Ear Cartilage
3D Printer applying
Synthetic Skin over
Chronic ulcer
Customised
Medical Equipment
The complexities of human organs make 3D-printing ideal for surgical
preparations.
The CT & MRI reconstructions along with 3D printed neuroanatomical
models are helpful to the neurosurgeons by providing the representation
of most complicated structures in the human body.
3.ANATOMICAL MODELS FOR SURGICAL PREPARATION
3D PRINTED HUMAN ANATOMY MODELS
- Complex drug manufacturing process could be standardised through
the use of 3D Printer.
-3D printers had already been producing novel dosage forms like
microcapsules, multilayered drug delivery devices and
nanosuspensions for precise drug delivery.
-If necessary, the dose may further be adjusted as per clinical response
and age of the patient.
4.CUSTOM 3D-PRINTED DOSAGE FORM & DRUG DELIEVERY DEVICES
COST EFFICIENCY
•Ability to produce items cheaply.
•Reducing manufacturing costs by decreasing use of
uneccesary resources.
•A pharmaceutical tablet of 10mg could to custom
fabricated on demand as a 1mg tablet.
FUTURE TRENDS
•Bioprinting the complex Human Organs
•In situ, imprinting the living organs in Human body.
•In situ,bioprinting external organs like skin,already taken place.
•Hand held 3D printers in situ for direct repair.
1.SAFETY & SECURITY: 3D printing has given rise to safety & security concerns
because of its unlimited utilisations.It has already been
employed for criminal purposes like making Gun & Gun
magazines, master key formation and even ATM
Skimmers.
2.PATENTS & COPYRIGHT
ISSUES: 3D printing has been of concern in patents,industrial
design,Copyright and trademark laws.
CONTROVERSIES
ATM SKIMMER
TRADEMARK ISSUES
•The 3D printing is a useful and potentially transformative tool in a number of
fields, including Medicine.
•The medical advances using 3D Printing technology are significant and
exciting, especially with advancement in the field of radiology using
dicom.images and 3D recon transferring into 3D printer CAD.files/.stl files.
CONCLUSION
3D EAR TRANSPLANT IN A CASE OF MICROTIA
3D PRINTED HUMAN EAR
3D HUMAN EAR CONSTRUCTION
=
CAN A 3D PRINTER PRINTS A 3D PRINTER ?
=
“SOME DAY IT MAY BE A REALITY”
CAN A 3D PRINTER PRINTS A 3D PRINTER ?
FUTURE LIES IN THE HANDS OF MACHINE
THANK YOU
UNDERSTANDING WORKING OF
3D PRINTER3D PRINTING EXPLAINED
3D PRINTING EXPLAINED

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3D Printers and its Medical applications

  • 1. 3D PRINTERS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Dr Arvinder Singh Professor Deptt.of Radiodiagnosis GMC Amritsar
  • 3. • Organ failure due to aging, disease, accidents and birth defects.Current treatment of organ failure relies mostly on organ transplants from living or the deceased. • There is chronic shortage of human organ availability for transplant, and it is a difficult task of finding a donor who is a tissue match. • Hence therapies based on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are a potential solution for organ donor shortage . THE NEED OF 3D PRINTING IN MEDICINE is in …..
  • 4. WHAT IS 3D PRINTING…………… • 3D printing is a manufacturing method in which objects are made by fusion or depositing materials-such as plastic, metal, ceramics, powder, liquids or even living cells in layers to produce a 3D- OBJECT. • This process is also referred to as Additive Manufacturing (AM),Rapid prototyping (RP) or Solid Free form technology (SFF).
  • 5. 3D Printing Process…… • There are about two dozen of printing processes using varying 3D printer technologies, speed & resolution with hundred of 3D building materials. • These technologies can build a 3D object in any imaginable shape as defined in the Computer aided design(CAD.)file.
  • 6. • In the basic step, The 3D printer first follow the instructions in the CAD. file to build the foundation for the object, moving the printer head in the X-Y axis ( x-y ) in horizontal plane. • The printer then follows the print head in Z-axis to build the object vertically layer to layer. Contd…….
  • 8. COMMON TYPES OF 3D PRINTERS
  • 9. Slide Title • Make Effective Presentations • Using Awesome Backgrounds • Engage your Audience • Capture Audience Attention SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS)
  • 10. Slide Title Product A • Feature 1 • Feature 2 • Feature 3 Product B • Feature 1 • Feature 2 • Feature 3 Formed Object SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS) PRINTER
  • 11. It is a non contact technique that uses thermal technology to deposit BIOINK tiny droplets of living cells or biomaterials on to the substrate according to digital instructions. The droplet deposition is done using heat to eject the ink drops. Heating the printhead creates small air bubbles that collpase creating pressure pulses that eject ink drops in volume of 10 to 150 picoliters. THERMAL INKJET PRINTING (TIJ)
  • 14. Bioink containing cells Formed vessel FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING (FDM) PRINTER
  • 15. •Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) •Powders of plaster (POP) •Teflon •Mixer of polyamide with glass beads •Metals- Titanium,Aluminium MATERIAL SELECTION FOR 3D PRINTING RIGID MATERIALS
  • 16. •Elastomeric resins •Nylon: Polyamide •Alumide = Polyamide + Aluminium •Strong plastic like legos USED TO MAKE - Cartilaginous tissues for dissection purposes. - Tumours in the context of surgical simulation, - Arteries to practice transcatheter valve replacements. - Soft dummy models can be used to learn biopsy procedures in Radiology FLEXIBLE MATERIALS
  • 17. Medical applications for 3D Printing are expanding rapidly and are expected to revolutionize the health care. Medical uses of 3D Printing, can be organized into 4 broad categories: 1.Tissue and Organ Fabrication 2.Creation of customized prosthetics. 3.Implants & anatomical models. 4.Pharmaceutical research regarding drug dose forms, delivery and discovery. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF 3D-PRINTING
  • 18. •3D Bioprinting offers important advantages over the traditional regenerative methods by: - Highly precise cell placement - Precise Cell concentration •Organs printing takes advantage of 3D printing cell laden biomaterials ,layer by layer ,creating 3D tissue like structures. •Various materials are available to build scaffolds,depending upon the strength, porosity and type of tissue with HYDROGELS most suitable for producing soft tissues. 1. TISSUE & ORGAN FABRICATION
  • 19. 3D PRINTED CARDIAC VALVE Made from alginate,smooth muscle cells and valve interstitial cells to control valve stiffness. 3D PRINTED HEART
  • 20. •Implants & prosthesis can be made into any imaginable geometry through the translation of X ray,CT or MRI Scan (DICOM file) into digital.stl 3D print file. •In this way the 3D printing had been successfully used in health care sector to construct standard & customised prosthetic limbs and surgical implants,within 24hours. This approach has been used to fabricate dental,spinal & hip implants. 2.CUSTOMISED IMPLANTS & PROSTHESIS
  • 21. First 3D Printed Polymer Implant over skull
  • 22. 3D Printed blood vessel lined with tissue
  • 23. Low cost 3D Printed Prosthetic Fingers
  • 26. 3D Printer applying Synthetic Skin over Chronic ulcer
  • 28. The complexities of human organs make 3D-printing ideal for surgical preparations. The CT & MRI reconstructions along with 3D printed neuroanatomical models are helpful to the neurosurgeons by providing the representation of most complicated structures in the human body. 3.ANATOMICAL MODELS FOR SURGICAL PREPARATION
  • 29. 3D PRINTED HUMAN ANATOMY MODELS
  • 30. - Complex drug manufacturing process could be standardised through the use of 3D Printer. -3D printers had already been producing novel dosage forms like microcapsules, multilayered drug delivery devices and nanosuspensions for precise drug delivery. -If necessary, the dose may further be adjusted as per clinical response and age of the patient. 4.CUSTOM 3D-PRINTED DOSAGE FORM & DRUG DELIEVERY DEVICES
  • 31. COST EFFICIENCY •Ability to produce items cheaply. •Reducing manufacturing costs by decreasing use of uneccesary resources. •A pharmaceutical tablet of 10mg could to custom fabricated on demand as a 1mg tablet.
  • 32. FUTURE TRENDS •Bioprinting the complex Human Organs •In situ, imprinting the living organs in Human body. •In situ,bioprinting external organs like skin,already taken place. •Hand held 3D printers in situ for direct repair.
  • 33. 1.SAFETY & SECURITY: 3D printing has given rise to safety & security concerns because of its unlimited utilisations.It has already been employed for criminal purposes like making Gun & Gun magazines, master key formation and even ATM Skimmers. 2.PATENTS & COPYRIGHT ISSUES: 3D printing has been of concern in patents,industrial design,Copyright and trademark laws. CONTROVERSIES
  • 34.
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  • 38. •The 3D printing is a useful and potentially transformative tool in a number of fields, including Medicine. •The medical advances using 3D Printing technology are significant and exciting, especially with advancement in the field of radiology using dicom.images and 3D recon transferring into 3D printer CAD.files/.stl files. CONCLUSION
  • 39. 3D EAR TRANSPLANT IN A CASE OF MICROTIA 3D PRINTED HUMAN EAR 3D HUMAN EAR CONSTRUCTION
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  • 42. = CAN A 3D PRINTER PRINTS A 3D PRINTER ?
  • 43. = “SOME DAY IT MAY BE A REALITY” CAN A 3D PRINTER PRINTS A 3D PRINTER ?
  • 44. FUTURE LIES IN THE HANDS OF MACHINE
  • 46. UNDERSTANDING WORKING OF 3D PRINTER3D PRINTING EXPLAINED 3D PRINTING EXPLAINED