This document provides an overview of 3D printing presented by Pratyush Shukla. It discusses what 3D printing is, general principles including modeling, printing and finishing, and various 3D printing methods such as stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, and binder jetting technology. Applications discussed include organ printing and challenges are addressed. Advantages of 3D printing include faster production, better quality, cost effectiveness and design freedom. New developments presented include printable electronics and multi-material multi-nozzle 3D printing.

1. A PRESENTATION ON
3D PRINTING
Presented by-
Pratyush Shukla
B.Tech(ME) 8th Sem

2. CONTENT
 What is 3D printing?
 General Principles
 3D printing Methods
 Applications
 Challenges
 Advantages
 Newest Developments

3. What Is 3D Printing?
 For methods of applying a 2-D image on a 3-D surface.
 Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a process of
making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any
shape from a digital model. 3D printing is achieved using
an additive process, where successive layers of material are
laid down in different shapes.
 Additive Manufacturing: The term additive manufacturing
refers to technologies that create objects through a
sequential layering process. Objects that are manufactured
additively can be used anywhere throughout the product
life cycle,

4. General Principles
Modelling
Printing
Finishing

5. MODELLING.
 Additive manufacturing takes virtual blueprints from computer aided design (CAD)
or animation modeling software and "slices" them into digital cross-sections for the
machine to successively use as a guideline for printing.

6. PRINTING.
 To perform a print, the machine reads the design and lays down successive layers
of liquid, powder, or sheet material to build the model from a series of cross
sections.
 These layers, which correspond to the virtual cross sections from the CAD model,
are joined together or automatically fused to create the final shape.
 The primary advantage of this technique is its ability to create almost any shape or
geometric feature.

7. FINISHING.
 Though the printer-produced resolution is sufficient for many applications, printing
a slightly oversized version of the desired object in standard resolution, and then
removing material with a higher-resolution subtractive process can achieve a
higher-resolution.

8. DIFFERENT METHODS.
 Selective laser sintering (SLS)
 Stereolithography
 Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
 Laminated object manufacturing
 Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Technology
 Binder Jetting (BJ) Technology

9. Stereolithography
 Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing
process using a vat of liquid UV-curable
photopolymer ”resin” and a UV laser to build parts
a layer at a time.
 CAD (Computer Assisted Design) Programs help
users create STL Files for the 3D Printers to read.
 STL (STereoLithography) file format – a file format
which uses many little triangles to make a 3
dimensional plot of the objects intended surface.

10. Fused deposition modelling
 Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an
additive manufacturing technology
commonly used for modelling,
prototyping, and production applications

11. Laminated object manufacturing
 Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is a
rapid prototyping system developed by Helisys
Inc. In it, layers of adhesive-coated paper,
plastic or metal laminates are successively
glued together and cut to shape with a knife or
laser cutter.

12. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Technology
 SLM made its debut appearance back in 1995. It was part of a German research project at
the Fraunhofer Institute ILT, located in the country’s most western city of Aachen. Like SLA (see
above), SLM also uses a high-powered laser beam to form 3D parts. During the printing
process, the laser beam melts and fuses various metallic powders together. The simple way to
look at this is to break down the basic process like thus:
 Powdered material + heat + precision + layered structure = a perfect 3D object.

13. Binder Jetting (BJ) Technology
 BJ is a 3D printing process that uses two types
of materials to build objects: a powder-based
material (usually gypsum) and a bonding agent.
As the name suggests, the “bonding” agent acts
as a strong adhesive to attach (bond) the
powder layers together. The printer nozzles
extrude the binder in liquid form similar to a
regular 2D inkjet printer. After completing each
layer, the build plate lowers slightly to allow for
the next one. This process repeats until the
object reaches its required height
 The four popular materials used in BJ printing
include:
1. Ceramics
2. Metals
3. Sand
4. Plastics

14. Organ Printing
 A printable organ is an artificially built gadget suitable for
organ substitution, created using procedures analogous to
3D printing.
 The primary use of printable organs is in transplantation.
 The manufacture of heart, kidney, and liver structures, as well
as other major organs are subjects of active research
 Modified inkjet printers have been utilized to deliver three-
dimensional natural tissue.
 Printer cartridges are filled with a suspension of living cells
and a shrewd gel, the latter being utilized for structure.
Rotating designs of the keen gel and living cells are printed
using a standard printing spout, with cells eventually melting
together to create organs.

15. 3D printing techniques
 Drop-based bioprinting (Inkjet)
• Drop-based bioprinting makes cellular developments utilizing droplets of a assigned
material, which has oftentimes been combined with a cell line.
• Upon contact with the substrate surface, each bead starts to polymerize, shaping a
bigger structure as droplets start to coalesce.
• Polymerization is started by calcium particles on the substrate, which diffuse into the
liquified bio-ink and permit for the arrangement of a strong gel.
• Drop-based bioprinting is commonly utilized due to its productive speed, in spite of
the fact that this viewpoint makes it less appropriate for more complicated organ
structures.

17. Extrusion bioprinting
 Extrusion bioprinting includes the consistent statement of a specific printing fabric
and cell line from an extruder, a sort of portable print head.
 This tends to be a more controlled and gentler handle for fabric or cell statement,
and permits for more noteworthy cell densities to be utilized within the
development of 3D tissue or organ structures.
 Extrusion bioprinting is frequently coupled with UV light, which photopolymerizes
the printed fabric to create a more steady, coordinates construct.

20. Printing materials
 Materials for 3D printing usually consist of alginate or fibrin polymers that have
been integrated with cellular adhesion molecules, which support the physical
attachment of cells.
 Hydrogel alginates have emerged as one of the most commonly used materials in
organ printing research, as they are highly customizable, and can be fine-tuned to
simulate certain mechanical and biological properties characteristic of natural
tissue.

21. Cell sources
 The creation of a complete organ often requires incorporation of a variety of
different cell types, arranged in distinct and patterned ways.
 One advantage of 3D-printed organs, compared to traditional transplants, is the
potential to use cells derived from the patient to make the new organ.
 This significantly decreases the likelihood of transplant rejection, and may remove
the need for immunosuppressive drugs after transplant, which would reduce the
health risks of transplants.

22. Challenges with Organ Printing
 The most common challenges
experienced by the tissue engineers is
Vascularisation.
 The scientists have struggled to
create the intricate networks of tiny
blood vessels that carry nutrients and
oxygen deep into organs and carry
waste products out.

23. Challenges in 3D Printing
 3D printing isn’t standardized.
 Additive manufacturing impacts the environment.
 Equipment and product costs are high.
 There’s a 3D printing knowledge gap.
 Additive manufacturing complicates intellectual property.
We will need to focus our energy on the following to overcome these challenges:
 Strategy development
 Hiring and training
 Monetary investments
 New technology and innovation in additive manufacturing
 Time to change processes and attitudes

24. Advantages
 Faster Production
 Better Quality
 Tangible Design and Product Testing
 Cost-effectiveness
 Creative Designs and Customization Freedom
 Unlimited Shapes and Geometry
 Less Waste Production

25. Newest Developments
 Researchers have developed an ultra-thin and ultra-flexible electronic material that
could be printed and rolled out like newspaper, for the touchscreens of the future.
 The touch-responsive technology is 100 times thinner than existing touchscreen materials
and so pliable it can be rolled up like a tube.
 DNA of Things- the researchers 3D printed a rabbit out of plastic, which contains the
instructions (about 100 kilobytes' worth of data) for printing the object. The researchers
achieved this by adding tiny glass beads containing DNA to the plastic. "Just like real
rabbits, our rabbit also carries its own blueprint."
 A new technique called multi-material multi-nozzle 3D Printing in this inkjet printers that
are capable of multimaterial printing are constrained by the physics of droplet formation.
 Extrusion-based 3D printing allows a broad palette of materials to be printed, but the
process is extremely slow.

26. CONCLUSION
 Nothing communicates ideas faster than a three-dimensional part or model. With a
3D printer you can bring CAD files and design ideas to life – right from your
desktop.
 Test form, fit and function – and as many design variations as you like – with
functional parts.

27. THANK YOU