The document discusses advancements in bioprinting and tissue engineering, highlighting its potential to create artificial organs to address the shortage of suitable organs for transplantation. It covers the technology involved, including organ printers that utilize bioink derived from patient cells, and outlines benefits such as reduced organ rejection and personalized treatment. Challenges such as high costs and the technical complexity of creating vascular systems for the organs are also noted, alongside current developments in the field.

1. By: Rozana Aboalkhair
NEW ADVANCE IN BIO-PRINTING AND
TISSUE ENGINEERING
A. Atala, "Tissue engineering for bladder substitution," World J Urol, vol. 18, pp. 364-70, 2000.

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Tissue engineering and bioprinting
• Organ printer
• Bioink
• Benefits of bioprinting technology
• Challenges that can face bioprinting technology
• Current development of bioprinting technology
• Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
U.S. Government Information on Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation, January 2013
• 117,521 people in United
States in need of organ
• Each day 79 receive organ
each day while 18 will die
from a lack of one.
The need for organs 2013

4. TISSUE ENGINEERING
• To produce functional cell, tissue and organ to repair, replace or
enhance biological function that has been lost by diseases or injury.
• It is also, one of the most promising approaches to solve the problems
of shortage of suitable organs for transplantation.
• one of its goals is to create artificial organs.
Mironov, V., Boland, T., Trusk, T., Forgacs, G., & Markwald, R. R. (2003). Organ printing: computer-aided jet-based 3D tissue engineering.
TRENDS in Biotechnology, 21(4), 157-161.

5. BIO-PRINTING
• Integrating biology science and 3-D printing
technology.
• The ability to print various biological materials
and cells along with various tissue scaffold
materials.
• Currently NO real organ has been
successful created, but scientists are
currently working on this idea and are making
progress.
First commercial bioprinter company is Organovo
Adv. Mater. 2013
DOI:10.1002/adma.201305506
Lee, V., Singh, G., Trasatti, J. P., Bjornsson, C., Xu, X., Tran, T. N., ... & Karande, P. (2013). Design and Fabrication of Human Skin
by Three-Dimensional Bioprinting. Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods.

6. ORGAN PRINTER
• An organ printer incorporates two
technologies, tissue engineering
and a 3D printer.
• Instead of paper, Petri dishes are
used.
• Instead of ink, cells and chemical
called a “crosslinker” are used.
• The cells are individually made for
the patient.
Adv. Mater. 2013
DOI:10.1002/adma.201305506
Jakab, K., Norotte, C., Marga, F., Murphy, K., Vunjak-Novakovic, G., & Forgacs, G. (2010). Tissue engineering by self-assembly and bio-
printing of living cells. Biofabrication, 2(2), 022001.

7. BIOINK
• A small skin biopsy is taken from the patient.
• The fibroblasts from the skin are isolated and cultivated in vitro.
• These fibroblasts are reprogrammed into the organ cell that is needed.
• These reprogrammed cells are then used as the “ink” for the organ
printer.
Seliktar, D., Dikovsky, D., & Napadensky, E. (2013). Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.
Israel Journal of Chemistry, 53(9‐10), 795-804.

8. CONT.
• -Uses bioink
• -Printer moves back and forth dropping out one bioink particle at a time to
form one layer
• -Printer prints out one layer of cells at a time on biopaper, which is made up
of collagen, water, and hydrogels
• -Layers are printed one top of each other
• -After cells fuse, biopaper is removed
The creation of a functioning human organ in a lab with the help of 3-D bioprinting technology
A. Atala, "Tissue engineering for bladder substitution," World J Urol, vol. 18, pp. 364-70, 2000.

9. BENEFITS OF BIOPRINTING
• Most organs can be made using this method, as long as the fibroblast
can be reprogrammed to be that organ cell.
• No organ rejection will occur because it will be the patient’s own
DNA.
• Eliminate the need for immunosuppressant drugs needed after a
regular organ transplant
• Can by pass the organ donor list.
• Can be used to treat anyone since the organ is made for the
individual.
Seliktar, D., Dikovsky, D., & Napadensky, E. (2013). Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.
Israel Journal of Chemistry, 53(9‐10), 795-804.

10. CHALLENGES
• Still very expensive.
• The organ that is being made can die if no blood vessels are created
within the organ.
• Creating these blood vessels requires certain stem cells which are
expensive.
• Use of stem cells is still controversial
• Still takes a long time to actually make the organ.
Seliktar, D., Dikovsky, D., & Napadensky, E. (2013). Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.
Israel Journal of Chemistry, 53(9‐10), 795-804.

11. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT
 Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine and a surgeon
• In 2011, successfully printed a kidney from human cells in seven hours
• Not functional in humans yet but their research is still in progress
 University of Pennsylvania
• In 2012, successfully, created a sugar template that can helps shape
development of a vascular network for artificial organs.
• After network is printed, cells are inserted and network then grows.
• Sugar template is dissolved after completion of development.

12. CONCLUSION
• Organ printers are just modified 3D printers that have been outfitted
to make human organs out of living cells.
• Advancements in tissue engineering and 3-D printing technology will
help in development of artificial organs from organ printing.
• If achieved, more lives could saved and prolonged
• Hopefully , in the future this procedure will be less expensive and
more widely available.
Seliktar, D., Dikovsky, D., & Napadensky, E. (2013). Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.
Israel Journal of Chemistry, 53(9‐10), 795-804.

13. REFERENCES
• Lee, V., Singh, G., Trasatti, J. P., Bjornsson, C., Xu, X., Tran, T. N., ... & Karande, P. (2013). Design and
Fabrication of Human Skin by Three-Dimensional Bioprinting. Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods.
• Jakab, K., Norotte, C., Marga, F., Murphy, K., Vunjak-Novakovic, G., & Forgacs, G. (2010). Tissue
engineering by self-assembly and bio-printing of living cells. Biofabrication, 2(2), 022001.
• U.S. Government Information on Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation, January 2013
<http://www.organdonor.gov/index.html>.
• Mironov, V., Boland, T., Trusk, T., Forgacs, G., & Markwald, R. R. (2009). Organ printing: computer-
aided jet-based 3D tissue engineering. TRENDS in Biotechnology, 21(4), 157-161.
• Seliktar, D., Dikovsky, D., & Napadensky, E. (2013). Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering: Recent
Advances and Future Perspectives. Israel Journal of Chemistry, 53(9‐10), 795-804.
• S. Khalil, F. Nam, and W. Sun, "Multi-nozzle deposition for construction of 3-D biopolymer tissue
scaffolds," Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 11, pp. 9-17, 2005
• A. Atala, "Tissue engineering for bladder substitution," World J Urol, vol. 18, pp. 364-70, 2000.

14. • THANK YOU…