it is a seminar slide that i prepared on the topic 3d bioprinting. it may be a help to whom taking seminar on that topic. It is not covered its full area only the basics of bio printing ..
It has been expleined in these slides that how 3D bioprinters work and some of them have been introdused. Also some examples of use 3D bioprinter in reality are introduced.
Finally feature of 3D bioprinters in human life has been explained.
Applications of 3 d printing in biomedical engineeringDebanjan Parbat
This presentation deals with the recent and futuristic trends in the field of 3D Printing technology and its applications in the field of bio engineering and medical applications. The 3D printing technology can change the perception of the whole manufacturing industry to health care applications.
its about 3D printing and scanning of internal organ , biomolecules and tissues
It is an emerging field in tissue engineering, surgery and transplant of organs
Bioprinting was defined as the use of material transfer processes for patterning and assembling biologically relevant materials- molecules, cells, tissues, and biodegradable biomaterials with a prescribed organization to accomplish one or more biological function. This is a developmental biology- inspired approach to tissue engineering and is based on the assumption that tissues and organs are self- organizing systems, and that cells and especially micro tissues can undergo biological self- assembly and self- organization without any external influence in the form of instructive, supporting and directing rigid templates or solid scaffolds.
Bioprinting or the biomedical application of rapid prototyping, also defined as layer- by- layer additive biomanufacturing, is an emerging transforming biomimetic technology that has potential for surpassing traditional solid scaffold- based tissue engineering. It is a rapid prototyping technology based on three dimensional, automated, computer-aided deposition of ‘‘bioink particles’’ (multicellular spheroids) into a ‘‘biopaper’’ (biocompatible gel; e.g. collagen) by a bioprinter
layer-by-layer precise positioning of biological materials, biochemicals and living cells, with spatial control of the placement of functional components (extracellular matrix, cells and pre-organized micro vessels) to fabricate 3D structures.
It has been expleined in these slides that how 3D bioprinters work and some of them have been introdused. Also some examples of use 3D bioprinter in reality are introduced.
Finally feature of 3D bioprinters in human life has been explained.
Applications of 3 d printing in biomedical engineeringDebanjan Parbat
This presentation deals with the recent and futuristic trends in the field of 3D Printing technology and its applications in the field of bio engineering and medical applications. The 3D printing technology can change the perception of the whole manufacturing industry to health care applications.
its about 3D printing and scanning of internal organ , biomolecules and tissues
It is an emerging field in tissue engineering, surgery and transplant of organs
Bioprinting was defined as the use of material transfer processes for patterning and assembling biologically relevant materials- molecules, cells, tissues, and biodegradable biomaterials with a prescribed organization to accomplish one or more biological function. This is a developmental biology- inspired approach to tissue engineering and is based on the assumption that tissues and organs are self- organizing systems, and that cells and especially micro tissues can undergo biological self- assembly and self- organization without any external influence in the form of instructive, supporting and directing rigid templates or solid scaffolds.
Bioprinting or the biomedical application of rapid prototyping, also defined as layer- by- layer additive biomanufacturing, is an emerging transforming biomimetic technology that has potential for surpassing traditional solid scaffold- based tissue engineering. It is a rapid prototyping technology based on three dimensional, automated, computer-aided deposition of ‘‘bioink particles’’ (multicellular spheroids) into a ‘‘biopaper’’ (biocompatible gel; e.g. collagen) by a bioprinter
layer-by-layer precise positioning of biological materials, biochemicals and living cells, with spatial control of the placement of functional components (extracellular matrix, cells and pre-organized micro vessels) to fabricate 3D structures.
3D Bioprinting is one of the emerging technologies in the field of regenerative medicine. By using it, we can create a live tissue that resembles the native tissue in form and function. In this presentation, the important topics in 3D bioprinting are discussed briefly...
3D-Bioprinting coming of age-from cells to organsDaniel Thomas
Over the past decade, annual spending on pharmaceutical development to treat many endocrinological systems has increased exponentially.
Currently, preclinical studies to test the safety and efficiency of new drugs, use laboratory animals and traditional 2D cell culture models. Neither of these methods are completely accurate reflections of how a drug will react in a human patient.
A solution has emerged in the form of 3D-Bioprinting technology, developed for the scalable, accurate and repeatable deposition of biologically active materials. With advances in this biomanufacturing technology, durable biological tissues for use in testing new pharmaceutical products are now being harnessed and refined.
3D Bio-Printing; Becoming Economically FeasibleJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze the increasing economic feasibility of bio-printing. Due to a lack of available kidney and other organ donors for organ transplants, 3D printing has emerged as an important alternative for many people. Bioprinting is done by using a computer model of an individual’s body to generate a data set for an organ that can be printed with a 3D printer and grown in a bio-reactor. The falling cost of materials and 3D printers is improving their economic feasibility.
3D BIO PRINTING USING TISSUE AND ORGANSsathish sak
3D bio printing is the process of creating cell patterns in a confined space using 3D printing technologies.
3D bio printing is the layer by layer method to deposit materials known as bioinks to create tissue like structure.
Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissues and organs to help research drug and pills.
Printing of biological organs and tissues.First the concept of 3d printing is known (not in depth),then bioprinting concept is seen.With the help of images the description can be given.
hashim salim
hashsalim@gmail.com
Whether due to illness or injury, organ failure is a worldwide problem and its only treatment is organ transplantation or tissue replacement. Although it’s the only solution in these cases, organs demand greatly surpasses the supply. Organs are usually obtained from people who recently have died (up to 24 hours past the cessation of heartbeat) or from people who are clinically brain dead and their body functions are maintained artificially, nevertheless living organ donation is becoming more frequent [1]. The increase of the organ demand has been raising ethical concerns, since this can result in offers or incentives for donation, profit on donated human organs or even exploitation of the disadvantaged. In the developed world most countries have a legal system that oversee organ transplantation, however in poorer countries a black market has been arising, enabling those who can afford to buy organs, exploiting those who are desperate enough to sell them
3D printer Technology _ A complete presentationVijay Patil
Please give a feedback if you like my presentation.
google drive download link :
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LSLZ-eU8QvihgzJ5BO_sav1im_e0ck0a/view?usp=sharing
3D Bioprinting is one of the emerging technologies in the field of regenerative medicine. By using it, we can create a live tissue that resembles the native tissue in form and function. In this presentation, the important topics in 3D bioprinting are discussed briefly...
3D-Bioprinting coming of age-from cells to organsDaniel Thomas
Over the past decade, annual spending on pharmaceutical development to treat many endocrinological systems has increased exponentially.
Currently, preclinical studies to test the safety and efficiency of new drugs, use laboratory animals and traditional 2D cell culture models. Neither of these methods are completely accurate reflections of how a drug will react in a human patient.
A solution has emerged in the form of 3D-Bioprinting technology, developed for the scalable, accurate and repeatable deposition of biologically active materials. With advances in this biomanufacturing technology, durable biological tissues for use in testing new pharmaceutical products are now being harnessed and refined.
3D Bio-Printing; Becoming Economically FeasibleJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze the increasing economic feasibility of bio-printing. Due to a lack of available kidney and other organ donors for organ transplants, 3D printing has emerged as an important alternative for many people. Bioprinting is done by using a computer model of an individual’s body to generate a data set for an organ that can be printed with a 3D printer and grown in a bio-reactor. The falling cost of materials and 3D printers is improving their economic feasibility.
3D BIO PRINTING USING TISSUE AND ORGANSsathish sak
3D bio printing is the process of creating cell patterns in a confined space using 3D printing technologies.
3D bio printing is the layer by layer method to deposit materials known as bioinks to create tissue like structure.
Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissues and organs to help research drug and pills.
Printing of biological organs and tissues.First the concept of 3d printing is known (not in depth),then bioprinting concept is seen.With the help of images the description can be given.
hashim salim
hashsalim@gmail.com
Whether due to illness or injury, organ failure is a worldwide problem and its only treatment is organ transplantation or tissue replacement. Although it’s the only solution in these cases, organs demand greatly surpasses the supply. Organs are usually obtained from people who recently have died (up to 24 hours past the cessation of heartbeat) or from people who are clinically brain dead and their body functions are maintained artificially, nevertheless living organ donation is becoming more frequent [1]. The increase of the organ demand has been raising ethical concerns, since this can result in offers or incentives for donation, profit on donated human organs or even exploitation of the disadvantaged. In the developed world most countries have a legal system that oversee organ transplantation, however in poorer countries a black market has been arising, enabling those who can afford to buy organs, exploiting those who are desperate enough to sell them
3D printer Technology _ A complete presentationVijay Patil
Please give a feedback if you like my presentation.
google drive download link :
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LSLZ-eU8QvihgzJ5BO_sav1im_e0ck0a/view?usp=sharing
A complete illustrated ppt on 3D printing technology. All the additive processes,Future and effects are well described with relevant diagram and images.Must download for attractive seminar presentation.3D Printing technology could revolutionize and re-shape the world. Advances in 3D printing technology can significantly change and improve the way we manufacture products and produce goods worldwide. If the last industrial revolution brought us mass production and the advent of economies of scale - the digital 3D printing revolution could bring mass manufacturing back a full circle - to an era of mass personalization, and a return to individual craftsmanship.
Effecting change by the use of emerging technologies in healthcare: A future vision for u-nursing in 2020
Michelle Honey, School of Nursing, University of Auckland, New Zealand
Karl Øyri, Interventional Centre, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Susan Newbold, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville TN, USA
Amy Coenen, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee College of Nursing, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Hyeoun-Ae Park, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Anneli Ensio, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Kuopio, Finland
Elvio Jesus, Nursing Research Group of Madeira, Portugal
Re-/bioprinting the law - 28 January 2015 - Ernst-Jan LouwersErnst-Jan Louwers
Paradigm shifts and concerns in supply chain, warranties, liability and IP - Ernst-Jan Louwers - Louwers IP|Technology Advocaten - www.louwersadvocaten.nl
3D Bio-printing of cells, tissue and organs. Bioprinting (also known as 3D bioprinting) is combination of 3D printing with biomaterials to replicate parts that imitate natural tissues, bones, and blood vessels in the body. It is mainly used in connection with drug research and most recently as cell scaffolds to help repair damaged ligaments and joints.
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a process of making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a digital model. 3D printing is achieved using an additive process, where successive layers of material are laid down in different shapes.
Increasing the efficacy of drugs and at the same time reducing the chances of adverse reaction should be the aim of drug development, which can be achieved by using 3D printing to fabricate personalized medications
Drugs with narrow therapeutic index can easily be prepared using 3D printing; and, by knowing the patient’s pharmacogenetic profile and other characteristics like age, race etc., optimal dosage can be given to the patient.
3D printing technology is a valuable and potential tool for the pharmaceutical sector, leading to personalized medicine focused on the patients’ needs. It offers numerous advantages, such as increasing the cost efficiency and the manufacturing speed. 3D printing has revolutionized the way in which manufacturing is done. It improves the design manufacturing and reduces lead time and tooling cost for new products.
The role of pe gylated materials in 3 d bioprinting-biochempegDoriaFang
Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising new approach for fabricating complex biological constructs in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. What is 3D Bioprinting? What are bio-ink materials for it? How does it work and what are the applications of it?
Advances at the intersection of mechanical engineering and biomedical science with overview and case studies of 3D-bioprinting, prosthetics, and implants.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Welcome to the first live UiPath Community Day Dubai! Join us for this unique occasion to meet our local and global UiPath Community and leaders. You will get a full view of the MEA region's automation landscape and the AI Powered automation technology capabilities of UiPath. Also, hosted by our local partners Marc Ellis, you will enjoy a half-day packed with industry insights and automation peers networking.
📕 Curious on our agenda? Wait no more!
10:00 Welcome note - UiPath Community in Dubai
Lovely Sinha, UiPath Community Chapter Leader, UiPath MVPx3, Hyper-automation Consultant, First Abu Dhabi Bank
10:20 A UiPath cross-region MEA overview
Ashraf El Zarka, VP and Managing Director MEA, UiPath
10:35: Customer Success Journey
Deepthi Deepak, Head of Intelligent Automation CoE, First Abu Dhabi Bank
11:15 The UiPath approach to GenAI with our three principles: improve accuracy, supercharge productivity, and automate more
Boris Krumrey, Global VP, Automation Innovation, UiPath
12:15 To discover how Marc Ellis leverages tech-driven solutions in recruitment and managed services.
Brendan Lingam, Director of Sales and Business Development, Marc Ellis
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
2. What’s it..?
3D bio-printing is a regenerative science and
process for generating spatially-controlled cell
patterns in 3D, where cell function and viability
are preserved within the printed construct.
Using 3D bio-printing for fabricating biological
constructs typically involves dispensing cells
onto a biocompatible scaffold using a
successive layer-by-layer approach to generate
tissue-like three-dimensional structures.
3. Why..?
Each day 79 receive
organ each day while 18
will die from a lack of one
Most needed organs are
kidneys, livers, lungs,
hearts.
5. Bioprinter
The idea of 3d printers are from inkjet printers, driven by a
motor, moves in horizontal strips across a sheet of paper. As it
moves, ink stored in a cartridge sprays through tiny nozzles
and falls on the page in a series of fine drops. The limitation of
inkjet printers is that they only print in two dimensions -- along
the x- and y-axes. A 3-D printer overcomes this by adding a
mechanism to print along an additional axis, usually labeled
the z-axis in mathematical applications. This mechanism is
an elevator that moves a platform up and down. Fill the
cartridge with plastic, and the printer will output a three-dimensional
plastic widget. Fill it with cells, and it will output a
mass of cells.
6. Continues…
Conceptually, bio-printing is really that simple.
In reality, it's a bit more challenging because an
organ contains more than one type of material.
And because the material is living tissue, it
needs to receive nutrients and oxygen. To
accommodate this, bioprinting companies have
modified their 3-D printers to better serve the
medical community.
7. Bio-printer Components
If you were to pull apart a bio-printer, as we'd love to do, you'd encounter
these basic parts.
8. Print head mount
On a bio-printer, the print heads are
attached to a metal plate running along a
horizontal track. The x-axis motor propels the
metal plate (and the print heads) from side to
side, allowing material to be deposited in
either horizontal direction.
9. Elevator
A metal track running vertically at the
back of the machine, the elevator, driven by
the z-axis motor, moves the print heads up
and down. This makes it possible to stack
successive layers of material, one on top of
the next
10. Platform
A shelf at the bottom of the machine
provides a platform for the organ to rest on
during the production process. The platform
may support a scaffold, a petri dish or a well
plate, which could contain up to 24 small
depressions to hold organ tissue samples for
pharmaceutical testing. A third motor moves
the platform front to back along the y-axis
11. Reservoirs
The reservoirs attach to the print heads
and hold the biomaterial to be deposited
during the printing process. These are
equivalent to the cartridges in your inkjet
printer.
12. Print heads/syringes
A pump forces material from the
reservoirs down through a small nozzle or
syringe, which is positioned just above the
platform. As the material is extruded, it forms a
layer on the platform.
13. Triangulation sensor
A small sensor tracks the tip of each
print head as it moves along the x-, y- and z-axes.
Software communicates with the
machine so the precise location of the print
heads is known throughout the process..
14. Micro-gel
Unlike the ink you load into your printer at home,
bio-ink is alive, so it needs food, water and
oxygen to survive. This nurturing environment is
provided by a micro-gel think gelatin enriched
with vitamins, proteins and other life-sustaining
compounds. Researchers either mix cells with the
gel before printing or extrude the cells from one
print head, micro-gel from the other. Either way,
the gel helps the cells stay suspended and
prevents them from settling and clumping.
15. Bioink
Organs are made of tissues, and tissues are made of cells. To print
an organ, a scientist must be able to deposit cells specific to the
organ she hopes to build. For example, to create a liver, she would
start with hepatocytes -- the essential cells of a liver -- as well as
other supporting cells. These cells form a special material known
as bioink, which is placed in the reservoir of the printer and then
extruded through the print head. As the cells accumulate on the
platform and become embedded in the microgel, they assume a
three-dimensional shape that resembles a human organ.
Alternatively, the scientist could start with a bioink
consisting of stem cells, which, after the printing process, have the
potential to differentiate into the desired target cells. Either way,
bioink is simply a medium, and a bioprinter is an output device
16. How do they print an organ.
First, doctors make CT or MRI scans of
the desired organ.
Next, they load the images into a
computer and build a corresponding 3-
D blueprint of the structure using CAD
software.
Combining this 3-D data with
histological information collected from
years of microscopic analysis of
tissues, scientists build a slice-by-slice
model of the patient's organ. Each slice
accurately reflects how the unique cells
and the surrounding cellular matrix fit
together in three-dimensional space.
17. How do they print an organ.
After that, it's a matter of hitting File > Print, which
sends the modeling data to the bio-printer.
The printer outputs the organ one layer at a time,
using bio-ink and gel to create the complex
multicellular tissue and hold it in place.
Finally, scientists remove the organ from the printer
and place it in an incubator, where the cells in the
bio-ink enjoy some warm, quiet downtime to start
living and working together
18. Last step and the challenging
one!
The final step of this process -- making printed organ cells
behave like native cells -- has been challenging. Some scientists
recommend that bio-printing be done with a patient's stem cells.
After being deposited in their required three-dimensional space,
they would then differentiate into mature cells, with all of the
instructions about how to "behave." Then, of course, there's the
issue of getting blood to all of the cells in a printed organ. Currently,
bio-printing doesn't offer sufficient resolutions to create tiny, single-cell-
thick capillaries. But scientists have printed larger blood
vessels, and as the technology improves, the next step will be fully
functional replacement organs, complete with the vascularization
necessary to remain alive and healthy.
20. Benefits
Artificial organ personalized using patients
own cells
No DNA rejection
Eliminate need for immunosuppressant
drugs needed after a regular organ
transplant
Eliminate organ donation
No waiting period
21. Disadvantages
Printers cost hundreds of thousands of
dollars
Possibly more expensive than regular
organ transplant
Use of stem cells is still controversial
Cost of using stem cells
Not successfully created yet
22. 3d bio-printing projects
Just look through some bioprinting projects which gonna going to
change the world
23. Human heart
Researchers at the University
of Louisville in Louisville,
Kentucky said they
have successfully printed parts
of a human heart using by
printing with a combination of
human fat cells and collagen.
24. Human face
A man from Wales in the United
Kingdom was in a motorcycle
accident in 2012 and he has now
received 3D printed implants on
his face that successfully fixed
injuries he sustained. The
project was done by the Centre
for Applied Reconstructive
Technologies in Surgery.
25. Liver tissue
In January, Organovo successfully
printed samples of human liver tissue that
were distributed to an outside laboratory for
testing. The company is aiming for
commercial sales later this year. The sets
of 24 samples take about 30 minutes to
produce. According to the company, the
printed tissue responds to drugs similarly to
a regular human liver.
26. Liver tissue
Scientists at Wake Forest School of
Medicine designed a printer that can directly
print skin cells onto burn wounds. The
traditional treatment for severe burns is to
cover them with healthy skin harvested from
another part of the body, but often times
there isn't enough. With this new machine, a
scanner determines the size and depth of the
skin, and layers the appropriate number of
cells on the wound. Doctors only need a
patch of skin one-tenth of the size of the
wound to grow enough for this process.