Kidneys, hearts, livers, and lungs are the most coveted organs for transplant, but 117,521 people in the US still need organs due to shortages. 3D bioprinting uses cells as "ink" to build tissues and organs layer-by-layer using bio-printers like the NovoGen MMX. This mimics the natural biological process of embryonic development. Current progress includes bioprinting human ears and building kidney and skin grafts. In the future, bioprinting may help double the number of organs available by reducing transplant wait times. However, challenges remain in vascularizing large organs and achieving full integration and function.

1. Body Organ 3D Printer
(Bio Ink Printer)
Prepared By
Nikhilkumar Mistry
Viralkumar Jayswal
Karthik Kanna

2. 
 117,521 people in US in need of organ.
 Hostilities in Singapore despite HOTA.
 Kidneys, hearts, livers, lungs are most coveted.
 Organs not usable despite donation.
The Coveted Organs

3. 
 Every tissue in the body is naturally
compartmentalized of different cell types.
 Using 3D Bio-printing for fabricating biological
constructs typically involves dispensing cells onto a
biocompatible scaffold using a successive layer-by-
layer approach to generate tissue-like three-
dimensional structures.
3D Bioprinting

4. 
 Bio-printing is an automated computer aided layer-
by-layer deposition of biological materials for
manufacturing of functional human organs.
 Artificial Bio-printers have already been built.
 NovoGen MMX® built by Organovo and Invenech.
3D Bio Printing
Fiction meets reality

5. 
Bioprinting
 Cells are used like "ink“
 Basically, once a tissue design is selected, the company
makes "bio-ink" from the cells.
 Using a NovoGen MMX bioprinter, the cells are layered
between water-based layers until the tissue is built.
 Hydrogel in between layers is sometimes used to fill
spaces in the tissue or as supports to the 3D printed
tissue. Collagen is another material used to fuse the cells
together. This layer-by-layer approach is very similar to
the normal 3D printing process, where products are built
from the ground up.

6. 
Bioprinting
deconstructed
 Intrinsic nature of cells to coalesce1, tissues to self-
assemble2 and fluidity of embryonic tissues3.
 Organ printing mimics the natural biological process
of embryonic cellular fusion.

7. 
Bioprinting process flow

8. 
Bioprinting process flow

9. 
Bioprinting process flow

10. 
Bio-printing Roadmap

11. 
 250 min cells and collagen from rat tail make human
ear in 15 min. Post-processing 3 months. To serve
children with hearing loss due to malformed outer
ear.
 Layer-by-layer building of scaffold and deposition of
kidney cells. Assembly to be transplanted into
patient. Degradation of scaffold to follow in-vivo.
 Rigid but non-toxic sugar filaments form core. Cells
deposited around filaments. Subsequent blood flow
dissolves sugar.
Current Progress

12. 
 laser scan wound to determine depth and area. One
inkjet ejects enzymes and second, cells. Layer is
finally sealed by human skin cells. Useful in war and
disaster zones.
 Print scaffold with ceramic or Titanium powder.
After 1 day in culture of human stem cells, its ready.
Repair of complex fractures in accident survivors.
Current Progress

13. 
 Bio-ink, scaffolds and Biocompatible materials
manufacturers.
 3D Bio-printers manufacturers.
 Hospitals & insurance companies (no longer need to
spend money on transplant logistics).
 Stem-cell harvesting and storage business.
 Surgical supplies companies.
 Computer aided design (CAD) software companies.
Positively Impacted
Industries

14. 
 Kidney dialysis industries.
 Companies that supply blood sugar testing supplies.
 Companies that produces and supplies insulin, pills
and insulin pumps.
 Companies that sell pacemakers, new heart valves.
 Organ replacement logistics.
Negatively Impacted
Industries

15. 
Bio-printing - Forecast

16. 
 Takes less time than lab-grown artificial organs, therefore,
future demand looks bright.
 However, organ printing has certain disadvantages and
limitations compared to lab-grown organs.
 Lab-grown organs get to take the time for the different
cell types to start integrating and function with each other
while organ printing does not give quite the same
opportunity.
 In 10 years, the number of patients that require organs
will have doubled.
 Many challenges ahead and aspects left to improve before
commercialization of organ printing.
Pro’s and Con’s

17. 
 Vascularization, scaling, the interaction between the
different cell types, well-functioning organs that can
be integrated into the patient’s body.
 From a systems engineering point of view, it will
require more than bio-printers to produce complex
tissues and organs.
 Bio-printers alone will not be enough for producing
the artificial organs. Steps such as fusion,
assembling, remodeling, maturing are required.
 Quality control a crucial matter!!!
Pro’s and Con’s

18. 
 www.techrepublic.com
 www.organovo.com
 www.3ders.org
References

19. 
Questions?
Thank you