Over the past decade, annual spending on pharmaceutical development to treat many endocrinological systems has increased exponentially.
Currently, preclinical studies to test the safety and efficiency of new drugs, use laboratory animals and traditional 2D cell culture models. Neither of these methods are completely accurate reflections of how a drug will react in a human patient.
A solution has emerged in the form of 3D-Bioprinting technology, developed for the scalable, accurate and repeatable deposition of biologically active materials. With advances in this biomanufacturing technology, durable biological tissues for use in testing new pharmaceutical products are now being harnessed and refined.
It has been expleined in these slides that how 3D bioprinters work and some of them have been introdused. Also some examples of use 3D bioprinter in reality are introduced.
Finally feature of 3D bioprinters in human life has been explained.
3D Bio-Printing technique is one of the emerging technique.
Here is the Introduction about 3D Bio-Printing.
It is very basic and understandable level of information about 3D Bio-printing.
layer-by-layer precise positioning of biological materials, biochemicals and living cells, with spatial control of the placement of functional components (extracellular matrix, cells and pre-organized micro vessels) to fabricate 3D structures.
Bioprinting was defined as the use of material transfer processes for patterning and assembling biologically relevant materials- molecules, cells, tissues, and biodegradable biomaterials with a prescribed organization to accomplish one or more biological function. This is a developmental biology- inspired approach to tissue engineering and is based on the assumption that tissues and organs are self- organizing systems, and that cells and especially micro tissues can undergo biological self- assembly and self- organization without any external influence in the form of instructive, supporting and directing rigid templates or solid scaffolds.
Bioprinting or the biomedical application of rapid prototyping, also defined as layer- by- layer additive biomanufacturing, is an emerging transforming biomimetic technology that has potential for surpassing traditional solid scaffold- based tissue engineering. It is a rapid prototyping technology based on three dimensional, automated, computer-aided deposition of ‘‘bioink particles’’ (multicellular spheroids) into a ‘‘biopaper’’ (biocompatible gel; e.g. collagen) by a bioprinter
Printing of biological organs and tissues.First the concept of 3d printing is known (not in depth),then bioprinting concept is seen.With the help of images the description can be given.
it is a seminar slide that i prepared on the topic 3d bioprinting. it may be a help to whom taking seminar on that topic. It is not covered its full area only the basics of bio printing ..
It has been expleined in these slides that how 3D bioprinters work and some of them have been introdused. Also some examples of use 3D bioprinter in reality are introduced.
Finally feature of 3D bioprinters in human life has been explained.
3D Bio-Printing technique is one of the emerging technique.
Here is the Introduction about 3D Bio-Printing.
It is very basic and understandable level of information about 3D Bio-printing.
layer-by-layer precise positioning of biological materials, biochemicals and living cells, with spatial control of the placement of functional components (extracellular matrix, cells and pre-organized micro vessels) to fabricate 3D structures.
Bioprinting was defined as the use of material transfer processes for patterning and assembling biologically relevant materials- molecules, cells, tissues, and biodegradable biomaterials with a prescribed organization to accomplish one or more biological function. This is a developmental biology- inspired approach to tissue engineering and is based on the assumption that tissues and organs are self- organizing systems, and that cells and especially micro tissues can undergo biological self- assembly and self- organization without any external influence in the form of instructive, supporting and directing rigid templates or solid scaffolds.
Bioprinting or the biomedical application of rapid prototyping, also defined as layer- by- layer additive biomanufacturing, is an emerging transforming biomimetic technology that has potential for surpassing traditional solid scaffold- based tissue engineering. It is a rapid prototyping technology based on three dimensional, automated, computer-aided deposition of ‘‘bioink particles’’ (multicellular spheroids) into a ‘‘biopaper’’ (biocompatible gel; e.g. collagen) by a bioprinter
Printing of biological organs and tissues.First the concept of 3d printing is known (not in depth),then bioprinting concept is seen.With the help of images the description can be given.
it is a seminar slide that i prepared on the topic 3d bioprinting. it may be a help to whom taking seminar on that topic. It is not covered its full area only the basics of bio printing ..
3D Bio-Printing; Becoming Economically FeasibleJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze the increasing economic feasibility of bio-printing. Due to a lack of available kidney and other organ donors for organ transplants, 3D printing has emerged as an important alternative for many people. Bioprinting is done by using a computer model of an individual’s body to generate a data set for an organ that can be printed with a 3D printer and grown in a bio-reactor. The falling cost of materials and 3D printers is improving their economic feasibility.
its about 3D printing and scanning of internal organ , biomolecules and tissues
It is an emerging field in tissue engineering, surgery and transplant of organs
3D Bioprinting is one of the emerging technologies in the field of regenerative medicine. By using it, we can create a live tissue that resembles the native tissue in form and function. In this presentation, the important topics in 3D bioprinting are discussed briefly...
Advanced Bioinks for 3D Printing: A Materials Science Perspective
The recent emergence of 3D printing technology in
tissue engineering
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ADVANCED
BIOINK DEVELOPMENT
MULTIMATERIAL BIOINKS FOR 3D PRINTING
A Materials Science Perspective
This presentation gives a basic overview on 3D printing. Introduction 3D printing, History of 3D printing, Various 3D printing technologies, Advantages of 3D printing, Uses of 3D printing are all covered in this presentation.
Advances and Innovations and Impediments in Tissue Engineering and Regenerati...CrimsonpublishersITERM
The evolving arena of regenerative medicine requires the use of cells, scaffolds, tissues or genetically edited elements as therapeutic agents for implantable engineered tissues and organs that can regenerate physiological functions. A variety of fabrication techniques like gas foaming, phase separation, salt leaching, and freeze drying have been developed that successfully regenerate complex and functional tissues. Recently developed three-dimensional (3D) printing technology promises to bridge the differences between artificially engineered tissues and native tissues. After 3D printing, 3D bioprinting was introduced as an ultimate solution for vascularized tissue fabrication. The large number of tissues such as bone, cartilage, skin, myocardial, kidney, liver, and lung tissue models were investigated with 3D bioprinting. As there is a need for stimulus-responsive geometry, four-dimensional (4D) printing technology has been developed to fabricate structures that can transform their shape. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine providing exciting results has brought a new era of medical research and applications with value addition in the field of medicine. It will be important to ensure that appropriate technologies are developed, validated that could result to the betterment of human situation. The positive role of regulatory authorities could enhance the morale of the researchers and scientific communities. This could translate in to the lifesaving new innovations.
3D Bio-Printing; Becoming Economically FeasibleJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze the increasing economic feasibility of bio-printing. Due to a lack of available kidney and other organ donors for organ transplants, 3D printing has emerged as an important alternative for many people. Bioprinting is done by using a computer model of an individual’s body to generate a data set for an organ that can be printed with a 3D printer and grown in a bio-reactor. The falling cost of materials and 3D printers is improving their economic feasibility.
its about 3D printing and scanning of internal organ , biomolecules and tissues
It is an emerging field in tissue engineering, surgery and transplant of organs
3D Bioprinting is one of the emerging technologies in the field of regenerative medicine. By using it, we can create a live tissue that resembles the native tissue in form and function. In this presentation, the important topics in 3D bioprinting are discussed briefly...
Advanced Bioinks for 3D Printing: A Materials Science Perspective
The recent emergence of 3D printing technology in
tissue engineering
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ADVANCED
BIOINK DEVELOPMENT
MULTIMATERIAL BIOINKS FOR 3D PRINTING
A Materials Science Perspective
This presentation gives a basic overview on 3D printing. Introduction 3D printing, History of 3D printing, Various 3D printing technologies, Advantages of 3D printing, Uses of 3D printing are all covered in this presentation.
Advances and Innovations and Impediments in Tissue Engineering and Regenerati...CrimsonpublishersITERM
The evolving arena of regenerative medicine requires the use of cells, scaffolds, tissues or genetically edited elements as therapeutic agents for implantable engineered tissues and organs that can regenerate physiological functions. A variety of fabrication techniques like gas foaming, phase separation, salt leaching, and freeze drying have been developed that successfully regenerate complex and functional tissues. Recently developed three-dimensional (3D) printing technology promises to bridge the differences between artificially engineered tissues and native tissues. After 3D printing, 3D bioprinting was introduced as an ultimate solution for vascularized tissue fabrication. The large number of tissues such as bone, cartilage, skin, myocardial, kidney, liver, and lung tissue models were investigated with 3D bioprinting. As there is a need for stimulus-responsive geometry, four-dimensional (4D) printing technology has been developed to fabricate structures that can transform their shape. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine providing exciting results has brought a new era of medical research and applications with value addition in the field of medicine. It will be important to ensure that appropriate technologies are developed, validated that could result to the betterment of human situation. The positive role of regulatory authorities could enhance the morale of the researchers and scientific communities. This could translate in to the lifesaving new innovations.
3D Bioprinting in Disease Prevention & Treatment.pdfDoriaFang
Learn about 3D bioprinting in disease prevention and treatment from 3D bioprinting materials, 3D bioprinting technology and 3D bioprinted vaccines, therapeutics and delivery systems.
The role of pe gylated materials in 3 d bioprinting-biochempegDoriaFang
Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising new approach for fabricating complex biological constructs in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. What is 3D Bioprinting? What are bio-ink materials for it? How does it work and what are the applications of it?
Genes and Tissue Culture Assignment Presentation (Group 3)Lim Ke Wen
The culture of cells in two dimensions does not reproduce the histological characteristics of a tissue for informative or useful study. Growing cells as three-dimensional (3D) models more analogous to their existence in vivo may be more clinically relevant. Discuss the potential of using three dimensional cell cultures for anti-cancer drug screening.
Platform for Tissue Engineering and 3D Printing at La Paz University Hospital...DanielCermeno1
The Tissue Engineering and 3D Printing Platform purpose is to promote the development of research and solutions based on tissue engineering and bioprinting and offer different services as computer imaging, virtual planning, computer aided design, and 3D printing technologies to researchers and clinicians in the fields of Reconstructive and Regenerative Medicine.
Curso sobre biofabricação de tecidos do Núcleo de Tecnologias Tridimensionais (NT3D) do Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer. Os assuntos abordados incluem os seguintes tópicos:
•Conceitos da bioimpressão e biofabricação de tecidos;
•Engenharia tecidual;
•Tecnologias envolvidas;
•O papel da tecnologia da informação na bioimpressão de tecidos;
•Projetos desenvolvidos no Brasil e no mundo sobre bioimpressão de tecidos.
Poster - BIOMIMESYS® 3D hydroscaffold a matricial microenvironment for physio...HCS Pharma
How to make in vitro models predictive of in vivo conditions?
- By taking into account the 3D cellular organization of in vivo tissues
- By including the cellular and matricial microenvironments with BIOMIMESYS®
- By using OoC systems for dynamic in vivo-like in vitro systems
Dynamic models hold promise for future predictive microphysiological systems (MPS). By combining BIOMIMESYS® as an ECM surrogate for 3D culture, and hiPSC-derived cells, these dynamic microfluidic systems will revolutionize the field, reproducing human tissues and predict human outcomes.
Similar to 3D-Bioprinting coming of age-from cells to organs (20)
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
2. Introduction
• Over the past decade, annual spending on pharmaceutical
development to treat many endocrinological systems has increased
exponentially.
• Currently, preclinical studies to test the safety and efficiency of new
drugs, use laboratory animals and traditional 2D cell culture models.
Neither of these methods are completely accurate reflections of how a
drug will react in a human patient.
• A solution has emerged in the form of 3D-Bioprinting technology,
developed for the scalable, accurate and repeatable deposition of
biologically active materials. With advances in this biomanufacturing
technology, durable biological tissues for use in testing new
pharmaceutical products are now being harnessed and refined.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
3. 3D Bioprinting research
• Determine ways in which we can deposit biomaterials in 3D
to produce living tissue structures for bodily repair?
• Repair or replace large numbers of human cells, which are
biofabricated into 3D tissues in order to restore normal
human function.
• Develop future modular laboratory on a chip systems
engineered to test drugs and treatments.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
4. Making 3-D Tissue Systems
3D Tissue
IR Curable
Scaffolds
DNA smart
glueAlginate
PLGA
Living
Cells
Collagen
Growth
Factors
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
5. Bioprinting - Cells
• In 2012 we started to engineer the
process that allowed us to deposit
high resolution scaffold structures in
3D.
• This initially began with simple
cylinders made using an alginate.
• We subsequently developed a
means to suspend and deposit cells
in-situ.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
6. • Invention and patent
granted for the first high
precision 3-D digital fluid
dispenser and heating
system.
• This provided the team with
the first actual working high
resolution 3-D Bioprinter.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
7. 1. A few stem cells are collected from a
host and are put into a growth medium
to be cultured into many hundreds of
millions of cells.
2. After a period of time in culture, these
cells (35 million per mL) are added to a
viscous suspension with 10% Alginate, 5%
Agarose and Antibiotics.
3. Software is used to control two special high
precision extruders in 3D. This deposits the
biologically active material and a scaffold
(0.05% HYA) which also provides oxygen and
nutrients to the cells. Special protein growth
factors are added in layers to differentiate the
cells into biological differentiated layers.
4. Infra Red laser light is used to cure
artificial channel scaffolds to form a
complex solid structure. These are initially
used to provide nutrients to the cells.
3D-Bioprinting the Tissue System
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
9. Bioprinted Cartilage Knee implant
Knee Cartilage Structure
• In order to rebuild knee cartilage then we needed to seed biogels
with Chondrocyte cells (35 million cells per mL of gel) and then
Bioprint this into a 3D structure.
• This we found was able to result in the deposition of a 3D
bioprintable material which has similar properties to real cartilage.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
10. 3D Data Acquisition and Rendering
200µm
We can use conventional computer aided design to
define our tissue reconstruction.
We take a scan, this is rebuilt into a tool path which is
converted into an instruction set to be interpreted by the 3D-
Bioprinter.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
11. By combining composite biogels
seeded with different cell types, then
we can make heterogeneous living
tissue implants which are patient
specific.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
12. 3-D Bioprinted Trachea
The construction of
tissues constructs using
computer-aided 3-D
Bioprinting has extended
towards the bio-
manufacturing of a
tracheal ring made from
cartilage.
Bioprinting processDesign of the structure
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
13. Complex 3D-Bioprinting
• A precision syringe driver is loaded with a bio-ink made up of a
hydrogel-based (alginate, agarose, antibiotics and sucrose) biogel
containing 20 million chondrocytes per mL.
• A second syringe driver containing a special hydrogel/collagen
scaffold with 10 million endothelial cells per mL
• A software control systems is used to control the bioprinter and
instructs each of the high precision stepper motors in 3D space.
After 21-Days.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
14. Vascular 3-D Bioprinting
Bioprinting for reconstructive tissue engineering. In this case tissues
for the use in breast reconstruction following cancer.
Once the process is finished, the structure is removed and then
placed into a bioreactor for up to two-months.
A bioreactor helps to maintain viability of tissue constructs and
gives time necessary for post process tissue maturation, fusion and
remodelling.
Bioreactor processing can be used in combination with growth
factors that promote vascularisation, angiogenesis and
innervation.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
15. A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of immature cartilage tissue and auricular
constructs showing condensation of cells present and (B) immunolabeling
collagen VI (shown in green) in the pericellular region of chondrocytes via
nuclear staining (shown in blue).
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
16. • By using cell polymer 3D Bioprinting then we developed a means to
create complex patient specific tissues on demand.
• These can be made permanent or can be engineered to last a specific
period of time, they dissolve as the tissue matures.
• It is this technology which we hope to scale up and allow us to make
the first transplantable ear structure and then multi-purpose
transplantable structures.
Complex Structure Bioprinting
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
17. Organ on a chip technology
The next opportunity for research is in developing
organ on a chip technology to test drugs and
treatments.
So far this has focused on making vascular structures
that can be used the analyze any side-effects of new
pharmaceutical products.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
20. Automated ways to test drugs
• We are building new machines that can automatically dose 3D areas
of tissues with drugs.
• We also build perfusion bioreactors that test tissue structures over
periods of months for the effects of stimulation and the influence of
drugs of cell behaviour.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
22. Extra Cellular Matrix Ghost Scaffolds
• Development of the first way to effectively engineer a complex
tissue architecture.
• This is a biologically inspired technique which uses 3D materials
to act as a scaffold and combine biological and synthetic
materials to make replacement complex architectures of the
human heart.
• This ghost structure is used to act as a scaffold for cells to grow
onto and may be a means of engineering complex tissue
architectures.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
23. Ghosts and Extracellular Matrix
• Extracellular matrix is the biochemical support
material between all cells.
• This is a key aspect of making complex dynamic
systems which have materials with potential for cell
adhesion.
• Research is developing ways to deposit nanofibers
into complex 3D shapes.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
24. • Bioreactor processes are important, however, the complexity of
cell communication processes to put cells in the correct place to
make a functioning organ needs extensive further study.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com
26. Summary
• Going forward, 3D-Bioprinting is being explored as a method for the creation of more
advanced structures. In the longer-term, this technology offers the potential to fabricate
organised tissue constructs. This is being engineered to repair and/or replace damaged
or diseased human tissues, and directly has a bearing on developing safer and more
effective healthcare treatments.
• It also opens up the opportunity for cost effective patient specific tissue engineering to
evolve. However, fundamental obstacles include balancing scaffold properties to;
optimise resolution, cell migration, proliferation and differentiation need to be overcome,
one step at a time.
• By further engineering this process then we can produce tissues which have measurable
mechanical, metabolic and functional properties. This is from the perspective of using
shaped scaffold bioprinting technology, which produces a complex organ structure.
• The potential to produce functional tissues on demand, made in a controlled and safe
way for use in humans could one day revolutionise the future of healthcare.
daniel.thomas@engineer.com