The document discusses fluids and electrolytes in the human body. It explains that 60% of the body's weight is fluid located in two compartments: intracellular and extracellular. The extracellular fluid is further divided. Loss of extracellular fluid into a third space can cause a decrease in urine output. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are discussed. The kidneys and adrenal glands help regulate fluids and electrolytes. Dehydration and overhydration are explained. Diuretics are drugs that increase urine output and are used to treat fluid volume excess. Common types of diuretics include loop diuretics, thiazides, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diure
Basic Intravenous Therapy 3: Fluids And Electrolytes, Balance and Imbalance, ...Ronald Magbitang
Lecture Presentation in Basic Intravenous Therapy Seminar, discussion on Body Fluids and Electrolytes, Normal Values and the Imbalances, the symptomatology and treatment and precautions, and, finally the different types of commonly available, utilized IVF in clinics
Basic Intravenous Therapy 3: Fluids And Electrolytes, Balance and Imbalance, ...Ronald Magbitang
Lecture Presentation in Basic Intravenous Therapy Seminar, discussion on Body Fluids and Electrolytes, Normal Values and the Imbalances, the symptomatology and treatment and precautions, and, finally the different types of commonly available, utilized IVF in clinics
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
normal physiology of fluid regulation
FLUID IMBALANCES- fluid volume excess, fluid volume deficit, third spacing,
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES- hypo and hypernatremia, hypo and hyperkalemia, hypo and hypercalcemia
Last year by end of the lecture Dr Medinna gave cases to solve for Fluid and electrolytes....
He had a seperate slide for the cases..
Lecture slides are taken from Schwartz Textbook of surgery....
fluid and electrolyte disturbance in human bodybhartisharma175
it explain about definition of fluid and electrolyte disturbance, causes and different types of fluid disturbance. diagnostic evaluation and their emergent management along with supportive management.
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
normal physiology of fluid regulation
FLUID IMBALANCES- fluid volume excess, fluid volume deficit, third spacing,
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES- hypo and hypernatremia, hypo and hyperkalemia, hypo and hypercalcemia
Last year by end of the lecture Dr Medinna gave cases to solve for Fluid and electrolytes....
He had a seperate slide for the cases..
Lecture slides are taken from Schwartz Textbook of surgery....
fluid and electrolyte disturbance in human bodybhartisharma175
it explain about definition of fluid and electrolyte disturbance, causes and different types of fluid disturbance. diagnostic evaluation and their emergent management along with supportive management.
GMEC - Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances in Emergency NursingOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Chauntel Henry from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
fluid electrolyte imbalance with the causes, sign and symptoms, pathophysiology, medical management and nursing process.
helpful for the nursing students
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Nursing Path
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The blood electrolytes—sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate—help regulate nerve and muscle function and maintain acid-base balance and water balance. ... Thus, having electrolytes in the right concentrations (called electrolyte balance) is important in maintaining fluid balance among the compartments
Hospital infection control programs can help healthcare organizations monitor and improve practices, identify risks and proactively establish policies to prevent the spread of infections
Outcome-based education (OBE) is an educational theory that bases each part of an educational system around goals (outcomes). By the end of the educational experience, each student should have achieved the goal.
Assessment is part of the everyday activities of nursing professionals. Assessment is the only way by which a teacher can know how successful his teaching was and what areas in teaching need improvement.
A mental health disorder characterised by feelings of worry, anxiety or fear that are strong enough to interfere with one's daily activities.
The term "anxiety disorder" refers to specific psychiatric disorders that involve extreme fear or worry, and includes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and panic attacks, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, selective mutism, separation anxiety, and specific phobias.
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Curriculum is the educational design of learning experiences for the students. Curricular experiences include course content as well as learning activities. The selection and organization of curricular experiences must also reflect the philosophy of the school. The identifying and organizing of curricular experiences begins with the analysis of curriculum objectives. The most commonly used approach in selecting learning experiences is the logical approach in which the process is treated as content in curriculum development.
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing.
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Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus. An abortion that occurs spontaneously is also known as a miscarriage.
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The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes, along with many harmless symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella, and Shigella.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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2. 60% of the weight of a typical adult
consists of fluid
Factors that influence the amount of
body fluid are age, gender, and body
fat
Body fluids is located in two fluid
compartments: intracellular space
and the extracellular space
3. The ECF compartment is further
divided into the
intravascular, interstitial, and
transcellular spaces
Loss of ECF into a space that does
not contribute to equilibrium between
the ICF and ECF is referred to as a
third-space fluid shift or third
spacing
4. Early evidence of a third-space fluid
shift is a decrease in urine output
despite adequate fluid intake
Other signs and symptoms of third
spacing that indicate an IVF volume
deficit include increased heart
rate, decreased BP, edema, increased
body weight, decreased CVP, and
imbalances in fluid intake and output
5. Electrolytes in body fluids are active
chemicals
Major cations are:
sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesi
um, and hydrogen ions
The major anions are:
chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulf
ate, and proteinate ions
7. Osmosis and Osmolality
Osmosis occurs when fluid shifts
through the membrane from the region
of low solute concentration to the
region of high solute concentration
until the solutions are of equal
concentration
8. Diffusion
Is the natural tendency of a substance
to move from an area of higher
concentration to one of lower
concentration
9. Filtration
Movement of water and solutes occur
from an area of high hydrostatic
pressure to an area of low hydrostatic
pressure
10. Sodium – Potassium Pump
Located in the cell membrane and
actively moves sodium from the cell
into the ECF
12. Homeostasis is a term that indicates
the relative stability of the internal
environment
Concentration and composition of
body fluid must be nearly constant
If a substance must be deficient it
must be replaced normally
13. The kidneys play a major role in
controlling all types of balance in fluid
and electrolytes
The adrenal glands, through the
secretion of aldosterone, also aids in
controlling extracellular fluid volume
by regulating the amount of sodium
reabsorbed by the kidneys
14. Antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary
gland regulates the osmotic pressure
of extracellular fluid by regulating the
amount of water reabsorbed by the
kidney
15. FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT
Dehydration occurs when the fluid
intake of the body is not sufficient to
meet the fluid needs of the body
The goal of treatment is to restore fluid
volume, replace electrolytes as
needed, and eliminate the cause of
the fluid volume deficit
16. Types of Fluid Volume Deficits
1. Isotonic Dehydration – water and
dissolved electrolytes are lost in
equal proportion
2. Hypertonic Dehydration – water
loss exceeds electrolyte loss, shrinks
cells
3. Hypotonic Dehydration –
electrolyte loss exceeds water
17. Causes of FVD
Isotonic dehydration
Inadequate intake of fluids and solutes
Fluid shifts between compartment
Hypertonic dehydration
Excessive perspiration
Hyperventilation
Diarrhea
ESRD
Diabetes insipidus
20. Constipation
Increased rate and depth of
respirations
Thirst
Decreased body weight
Increased hematocrit
21. Interventions
Monitor
cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromusc
ular, renal, integumentary, and
gastrointestinal status
Prevent further fluid losses and
increase fluid compartment volumes to
normal ranges
Monitor intake and output
22. Provide oral rehydration therapy and
IV fluid replacement
Administer medications as prescribed
such as
antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antiemetic,
and antipyretic medications
Administer oxygen as prescribed
Monitor electrolyte values
23. FLUID VOLUME EXCESS
Fluid intake or fluid retention exceeds
the fluid needs of the body
Also called overhydration or fluid
overload
The goal of treatment is to restore fluid
balance, correct electrolyte
imbalances if present, and eliminate or
control the underlying cause of the
overload
24. Types of Fluid Volume Excess
1. Isotonic Overhydration – known as
hypervolemia, results from excessive
fluid in the extracellular fluid
compartment, causes circulatory
overload and interstitial edema
2. Hypertonic Overhydration – caused
by excessive sodium intake
3. Hypotonic Overhydration – water
intoxication; electrolyte imbalance due
to dilution
25. Causes
Isotonic overhydration
Inadequately controlled IV therapy
Renal failure
Long term corticosteroid therapy
Hypertonic overhydration
Excessive sodium ingestion
Rapid infusion of hypertonic saline
27. Assessment findings
Bounding, increased pulse rate
Elevated BP
Distended neck and hand veins
Elevated CVP
Dyspnea
Moist crackles on auscultation
Pitting edema in dependent areas
Skin pale and cool to touch
28. Increased motility of the GI tract
Polyuria
Projectile vomiting
Decreased hematocrit
29. Interventions
Monitor
cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromusc
ular, renal, integumentary, and
gastrointestinal status
Prevent further fluid overload, and
restore normal fluid balance
Administer diuretics as prescribed
30. Control fluid and sodium intake
Monitor intake, output, and weight
Monitor electrolyte values
32. D – diet; increase sodium for all except
aldactone
I – intake and output, daily weight
U – undesirable effects: F&E imbalance
R – review HR, BP, and electrolytes
E – elderly careful, evening dose not
recommended
33. T – take with or after meals and in AM
I – increase risk of orthostatic
hypotension’ move slowly
C – cancel alcohol, cigarettes
34. Loop Diuretics
Inhibits sodium, chloride, and water
reabsorption in the proximal portion of
the ascending loop of Henle
Edema associated with
CHF, ascites, hypertension
(furosemide)
Bumetanide (Bumex, Furosemide
(Lasix), Torsemide (Demadex)
35. Thiazides
Increases urine output by inhibiting
reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and
water in the distal portion of the
ascending loop of Henle
Edema associated with
CHF, ascites, hypertension
Chlorothiazide
(Diuril), Hydrochlorothiazide
(Hydrodiuril)
36. Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Promotes excretion of sodium and
water, but retains potassium in the
distal renal tubule
Used with loop or thiazide diuretics in
treating CHF and
hypertension, edema
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
37. Osmotic Diuretics
Increases osmotic pressure of
glomerular filtrate, thus preventing
reabsorption of water
Oliguria, edema, increased
ICP, increased IOP
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
38. Assignment
Form 4 groups, do a drug study of the
chosen class of diuretic, and make
your own mnemonic for that chosen
class
Be creative in presenting your
work, use of powerpoint is not allowed
Presentation will be next
week, indicate your reference