Dehydration
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Dehydration can cause a variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Mild dehydration may cause increased thirst, dry mouth, and weakness while severe dehydration can lead to confusion, fainting, and decreased urine output. It is important to assess vital signs, skin moisture, mucous membranes, and urine output to determine the severity of dehydration. Intravenous fluids should be administered and output monitored closely to rehydrate the patient and stabilize their condition. The cause of dehydration must also be investigated which can be due to various issues like gastroenteritis, burns, or diabetes.
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Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses too much fluid through illness, sweating or exercise. Mild dehydration can cause dry mouth and dark urine, while moderate dehydration adds lightheadedness and muscle cramps. Severe dehydration requires emergency help and can cause fainting, inability to walk, and loss of consciousness. The elderly are more vulnerable as water metabolism declines with age. Dehydration disrupts electrolyte balance, with too much sodium or too little potassium potentially causing seizures, coma or abnormal heart rhythms. Drinking fluids is crucial to restore balance and prevent further health issues from dehydration.
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when fluid loss exceeds fluid intake. It can be caused by excessive fluid loss through vomiting, diarrhea, or reduced fluid intake. As dehydration worsens, complications include hypotension, decreased cardiac output, renal failure, and potentially death from hypovolemic shock if untreated. Treatment involves oral or IV fluid replacement administered gradually over 48 hours to restore fluid balance and prevent edema. Nursing care focuses on monitoring fluid intake and output, administering replacement fluids, and educating patients and families on prevention.
Dehydration in children
This document discusses dehydration in pediatrics. It defines dehydration and explains its pathophysiology and types based on severity and fluid/electrolyte loss. Causes of dehydration include diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating, diabetes and burns. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests to check electrolyte levels. Signs and symptoms range from mild thirst to severe complications depending on the percentage of fluid loss. Treatment involves oral or IV fluid replacement depending on severity. Nursing care focuses on monitoring fluid intake and output, providing skin care and educating families on prevention.
Dehydration in Paediatrics
Basics in Dehydration & it's management in paediatric practice. Prepared by Dr. Viduranga Edirisinghe on request by Prof. Wasantha Karunasekara. [2013 Aug]
Assessing dehydration in children
This document discusses assessing and managing dehydration in children. It defines dehydration and lists common causes like gastroenteritis and burns. The assessment of dehydration is difficult but involves factors like weight loss, skin turgor, tears, and urine output. Dehydration is classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on these clinical signs. Oral rehydration solution is given to rehydrate children and recipes for making ORS are provided.
The signs and symptoms of dehydration
This document discusses signs and symptoms of dehydration at different levels of fluid loss, as well as causes, treatment, and prevention of dehydration. Mild dehydration can cause thirst and dry mouth, while more severe dehydration over 10% fluid loss leads to muscle spasms, vomiting and confusion. Dehydration is caused by fluid loss from vomiting, diarrhea or excessive sweating without replenishment. Treatment involves slow rehydration with water and electrolyte replacement. Prevention focuses on drinking adequate water daily based on individual needs and factors like climate, and replacing fluids lost through sweat and urine.
Diarrhoea and dehydration in children
This document discusses diarrhea, its causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, evaluation of dehydration, and treatment. Diarrhea is a common cause of death in developing countries and infant mortality worldwide. It is defined as passing watery stools at least 3 times in 24 hours. Common causes are viral (rotavirus, adenovirus), bacterial (Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli), and parasitic infections. Clinical features may include bloody stools or abdominal pain. Diagnosis involves assessing stool frequency and dehydration level. Treatment focuses on oral rehydration with zinc-fortified ORS or IV fluids for severe cases. Prevention emphasizes good hygiene, vaccines, and addressing factors like global warming that
Dehydration
This document summarizes dehydration in children. It defines dehydration as a loss of fluid from the extracellular space at a rate exceeding intake. Children are more susceptible to dehydration due to their higher body water content and metabolic rates. Common causes of dehydration in children include viral and bacterial infections causing vomiting and diarrhea. Signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, decreased urination, and irritability. Treatment depends on the severity of dehydration and includes oral rehydration for mild to moderate cases and intravenous fluids for severe cases. Care must be taken with hyponatremic and hypernatremic dehydration to slowly correct electrolyte imbalances.
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Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses too much fluid through illness, sweating or exercise. Mild dehydration can cause dry mouth and dark urine, while moderate dehydration adds lightheadedness and muscle cramps. Severe dehydration requires emergency help and can cause fainting, inability to walk, and loss of consciousness. The elderly are more vulnerable as water metabolism declines with age. Dehydration disrupts electrolyte balance, with too much sodium or too little potassium potentially causing seizures, coma or abnormal heart rhythms. Drinking fluids is crucial to restore balance and prevent further health issues from dehydration.
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when fluid loss exceeds fluid intake. It can be caused by excessive fluid loss through vomiting, diarrhea, or reduced fluid intake. As dehydration worsens, complications include hypotension, decreased cardiac output, renal failure, and potentially death from hypovolemic shock if untreated. Treatment involves oral or IV fluid replacement administered gradually over 48 hours to restore fluid balance and prevent edema. Nursing care focuses on monitoring fluid intake and output, administering replacement fluids, and educating patients and families on prevention.
Dehydration in children
This document discusses dehydration in pediatrics. It defines dehydration and explains its pathophysiology and types based on severity and fluid/electrolyte loss. Causes of dehydration include diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating, diabetes and burns. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests to check electrolyte levels. Signs and symptoms range from mild thirst to severe complications depending on the percentage of fluid loss. Treatment involves oral or IV fluid replacement depending on severity. Nursing care focuses on monitoring fluid intake and output, providing skin care and educating families on prevention.
Dehydration in Paediatrics
Basics in Dehydration & it's management in paediatric practice. Prepared by Dr. Viduranga Edirisinghe on request by Prof. Wasantha Karunasekara. [2013 Aug]
Assessing dehydration in children
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The signs and symptoms of dehydration
This document discusses signs and symptoms of dehydration at different levels of fluid loss, as well as causes, treatment, and prevention of dehydration. Mild dehydration can cause thirst and dry mouth, while more severe dehydration over 10% fluid loss leads to muscle spasms, vomiting and confusion. Dehydration is caused by fluid loss from vomiting, diarrhea or excessive sweating without replenishment. Treatment involves slow rehydration with water and electrolyte replacement. Prevention focuses on drinking adequate water daily based on individual needs and factors like climate, and replacing fluids lost through sweat and urine.
Diarrhoea and dehydration in children
This document discusses diarrhea, its causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, evaluation of dehydration, and treatment. Diarrhea is a common cause of death in developing countries and infant mortality worldwide. It is defined as passing watery stools at least 3 times in 24 hours. Common causes are viral (rotavirus, adenovirus), bacterial (Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli), and parasitic infections. Clinical features may include bloody stools or abdominal pain. Diagnosis involves assessing stool frequency and dehydration level. Treatment focuses on oral rehydration with zinc-fortified ORS or IV fluids for severe cases. Prevention emphasizes good hygiene, vaccines, and addressing factors like global warming that
Dehydration
This document summarizes dehydration in children. It defines dehydration as a loss of fluid from the extracellular space at a rate exceeding intake. Children are more susceptible to dehydration due to their higher body water content and metabolic rates. Common causes of dehydration in children include viral and bacterial infections causing vomiting and diarrhea. Signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, decreased urination, and irritability. Treatment depends on the severity of dehydration and includes oral rehydration for mild to moderate cases and intravenous fluids for severe cases. Care must be taken with hyponatremic and hypernatremic dehydration to slowly correct electrolyte imbalances.
Diarrhea in children
The document defines diarrhea and describes its causes, risk factors, classifications, and management. Diarrhea is characterized by loose or watery stools, increased stool frequency, or large stool volume. It has infectious and non-infectious causes like viruses, bacteria, antibiotics, and non-GI infections. Proper management involves oral rehydration, continued feeding, and seeking medical help for dehydration signs. Prevention relies on vaccines, handwashing, safe water, and breastfeeding.
Dehydration
Dehydration (from the Greek hydor (water)) and the Latin prefix de- (indicating deprivation, removal, and separation) occurs when more water and fluids are exiting the body than are entering the body. With about 75% of the body made up of water found inside cells, within blood vessels, and between cells, survival requires a rather sophisticated water management system. Luckily, our bodies have such a system, and our thirst mechanism tells us when we need to increase fluid intake. Although water is lost constantly throughout the day as we breathe, sweat, urinate, and defecate, we can replenish the water in our body by drinking fluids. The body can also shift water around to areas where it is more needed if dehydration begins to occur.
Acute diarrhea in children
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Fluid intake is important for athletes to prevent dehydration during physical activity. According to the document, athletes should aim to drink regularly during exercise rather than waiting until they feel thirsty. The amount of fluid needed varies depending on genetics, body size, fitness level, environment, and exercise intensity. Sports drinks can help replace lost fluids and electrolytes while also providing carbohydrates, but should be consumed in moderation. Dehydration of just 1-2% of body weight can negatively impact performance, so athletes should drink before, during, and after exercise to stay hydrated.
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This document provides information on acute gastroenteritis in children. It defines acute diarrhea as the passage of loose or watery stools three or more times in a 24 hour period for up to 14 days. It notes that diarrhea is a leading cause of death among children under 5 years old globally and in India. The document discusses the causes, clinical presentation, assessment and management of acute diarrhea including use of oral rehydration solution and zinc supplementation. It also covers prevention of diarrhea and malnutrition in children.
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- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Dehydration
- 1. Dehydration Krizza Anne C. Bucok, RN
- 3. The patient may have • Increased thirst, dry mouth, swollen tongue • Weakness, dizziness, palpitations • Tachycardia, hypotension • Confusion, sluggishness, fainting, seizu re • Decreased urine output
- 5. • Assess VS – Check BP lying, sitting, standing – Note changes • Assess current urine output and recent I&O • Make sure patient is comfortable and safe • Notify physician
- 6. • Document the following: – Patient’s status – Phone call to physician or NP – Physician or NP response
- 8. Assess: • VS including temperature • Skin for color, moistness, temperature, integrity • Mucous membranes • LOC and orientation • For patent IV access
- 10. • Administer or oral IVF • Closely monitor I&O • Monitor urine output for adequate hourly rate • Assess electrolytes, BUN, creatinine • Maintain safe environment • Provide oral care • Chart patient status and convey to physician or NP
- 11. BE PREPARED TO
- 12. • Obtain IV access • Obtain a nutritional/dietary assessment • Insert a urinary catheter with a urometer to monitor hourly output
- 14. • Gastroenteritis • Gastrointestinal • Stomatitis obstruction • Diabetic • Heat stroke ketoacidosis • Diabetes insipidus • Febrile illness • thyrotoxicosis • Pharyngitis • Burns
- 15. Signs and Symptoms of Progressive Dehydration Moderate Symptom/sign Mild Dehydration Severe Dehydration Dehydration LOC Alert Lethargic Obtunded Capillary refill 2 sec 2-4 sec >4 sec, cool limbs Mucous membranes Normal Dry Parched, cracked HR Slight increase Increased Very increased Increased and RR Normal Increased hyperpnea BP Normal Normal but orthostasis Decreased Pulse Normal Thready Faint or impalpable Skin turgor Normal Slow Tenting Urine output Decreased Oliguria Oliguria/anuria