3. Modulation, Multiplexing and Routing
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This document discusses modulation and multiplexing techniques used in telecommunications. It begins by explaining amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. It then discusses digital modulation techniques like ASK, PSK, and FSK. The document also covers multiplexing methods like FDM and TDM. It provides examples of modulation like using a 10Hz carrier signal with a 1Hz data signal. It also lists common carrier frequency ranges used in communications systems from ELF to EHF frequencies. Finally, it gives a brief overview of circuit switching versus packet switching network architectures.
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Powerpoint presentation for the TECH1002 Studies in Media Technology module's Radio Project Assignment. Katie Rhodes, Joshua Coyne and Anthony Gale
Single Frequency Networks for FM Broadcast (SFNs)
This document provides an overview of Single Frequency Networks (SFNs) for FM radio broadcasting:
- SFNs allow two or more FM transmitters broadcasting the same content on the same frequency to overlap coverage areas, improving spectrum efficiency and creating a seamless listening experience for drivers.
- Precise synchronization of carrier frequency, audio content, and subcarriers like RDS is required to avoid interference in overlap zones. Nautel's digital exciters and GPS synchronization help achieve this.
- An example SFN installation was demonstrated using Nautel exciters, an uncompressed AES/EBU audio link, and GPS receivers to synchronize signals across sites. With proper timing, interference zones sound similar to multipath distortion.
Digital communication viva questions
Digital communication viva questions.( 50+)
MCQ of digital communication (50+)
communication systems MCQ. (50+)
communication systems viva questions (50+)
covered topic list:
sampling,quantization,digital,discrete,AM,FM,PM,ASK,FSK,PSK,DM,DPCM,QPSK,ADM,differences,modulation,block diagram,applications,PAM,PWM,PPM,line encoding,polar encoding,bipolar encoding,unipolar encoding,RZ,NRZ,AMI,HDB3,B8ZS
RF Basics, RF for Non-RF Engineers.pdf
This document provides an overview of radio frequency (RF) basics for non-RF engineers. It discusses key RF concepts like modulation, frequency spectrum allocation, RF system architectures, and RF components. The slides define common RF terms, describe different modulation techniques, examine transmitter and receiver designs, and explore ways to extend RF communication range such as through the use of external power amplifiers or high gain antennas.
EST 130, Modulation
The attached narrated power point presentation explores the electromagnetic spectrum classification, attempts to explain the need for modulation and process of analog modulation. The material will be useful for KTU first year students who prepare for the subject EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering.
Rf basics
This document provides an overview of radio frequency (RF) basics for non-RF engineers. It defines common RF terms like dBm and discusses electromagnetic spectrum allocation. It describes the basic building blocks of RF systems including transmitters, receivers, modulation methods, and system types. Key topics covered include amplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying, and phase shift keying digital modulation techniques. The document also reviews RF parameters and measurement equipment.
Performance improving of HF modem using TCM
1) The document discusses improving the performance of HF modems used for long-distance communication over the HF band. It analyzes using trellis-coded modulation (TCM) to add redundancy and combat noise on the HF channel.
2) Simulations show that a 3000 bps HF modem using 8PSK TCM outperforms a standard 2400 bps single-tone modem over both good and poor HF channels as defined by standards.
3) The document concludes TCM can increase data rates for HF modems while maintaining or improving performance over noisy HF channels, ensuring the continued usefulness of the HF band for communications.
Aslide9 receivers-1
This document discusses important parameters for evaluating receiver performance, including frequency stability, selectivity, bandwidth, sensitivity, dynamic range, and noise figure. It defines these terms and describes how they impact a receiver's ability to detect weak signals while rejecting nearby interference. Specifically, it explains that sensitivity is determined by bandwidth, noise figure, and ability to achieve a given signal-to-noise ratio, and that dynamic range represents the range of signal levels a receiver can handle.
Radiated Emissions Example; LVDS - Low Voltage Differential Signaling
There can be many causes for radiated emission in electronic circuits. I'm explaining one here. Please go through the slides & share your thoughts on it.
Satellite Radio
Satellite radio uses satellites and terrestrial repeaters to broadcast over 100 commercial-free music and talk channels across large areas. It provides CD quality audio to subscribers. Key points:
- Signals are transmitted digitally from uplink stations to satellites then to fixed or mobile receivers.
- Coverage is provided by multiple satellites using spot beams. Signals are amplified and retransmitted by the satellites.
- Receivers use techniques like maximal ratio combining on multiple satellite signals for better reception. Audio is compressed using perceptual coding before transmission.
- Content is protected using encryption and conditional access restricts signals to legitimate subscribers.
- While offering unique features, satellite radio faces challenges from competition and high subscription/receiver costs
ADC-UNITT-2.pptx
This document discusses angle modulation techniques, including frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM). It provides details on narrowband FM, wideband FM, and their applications. Methods for generating and demodulating FM signals are also covered, including using a voltage-controlled oscillator, Foster-Seeley discriminator, and ratio detector. Generation of narrowband FM is discussed as well as the indirect Armstrong method for generating wideband FM from narrowband FM.
Frequency modulation and demodulation along with types
This document discusses types of frequency modulation (FM) systems, including narrowband FM (NBFM) and wideband FM (WBFM). It compares the parameters of NBFM and WBFM such as modulation index, maximum deviation, bandwidth, and applications. Pre-emphasis is used at the transmitter to boost higher modulating frequencies. De-emphasis is used at the receiver to remove the boosting and recover the original modulating signal. The document also compares AM and FM systems and lists some advantages, disadvantages, and applications of FM systems. Methods for generating FM signals include the direct method using the Armstrong method or reactance modulator, and the indirect method using a varactor diode modulator.
Frequency Modulation In Data Transmission
This presentation includes concepts of FM, generation of FM, transmission, reception, with the concepts of stereo FM and some basic circuitry of receiver and transmitter system.
MW1RXF4
The Bosch MW1-RX-Fx wireless microphone receiver is part of a wireless microphone system operating in the UHF band with selectable channels for interference reduction. The receiver can automatically connect to transmitters and displays information about the frequency, signal levels, and microphone battery life. It has balanced XLR and unbalanced outputs and can be mounted in a 19" rack with an optional dual rack mount kit.
BOSCH-Mw1-rx-f4
The Bosch MW1-RX-Fx wireless microphone receiver is part of a wireless microphone system operating in the UHF band with selectable channels for interference reduction. The receiver can automatically connect to compatible wireless transmitters and displays information about the frequency, signal levels, and microphone battery life. It has balanced XLR and unbalanced outputs and can be mounted in a 19" rack with an optional dual rack mount kit.
Frequency Modulation In Data Transmission
The document discusses frequency modulation (FM) in data transmission. It defines key terms like frequency, modulation, data, and transmission. It describes different types of modulation including FM and how it differs from amplitude modulation. It discusses narrowband and wideband FM, how to generate FM signals both indirectly using an integrator and directly using a voltage-controlled oscillator. It also covers FM demodulation using frequency discrimination and phase-locked loops. Finally, it provides details on stereo FM transmission, including how the left and right signals are combined for compatibility with mono receivers.
13 Transmission_bandwidth_of_FM_signals.pdf
This document discusses bandwidth requirements for FM signals. It explains that theoretically an FM signal has infinite bandwidth due to its infinite number of sidebands, but practically the bandwidth is finite. Carson's rule provides an approximate value for transmission bandwidth regardless of modulation index. The 1% bandwidth method defines bandwidth as the number of spectral components where the last component's amplitude is at least 1% of the carrier amplitude. A universal curve relates bandwidth to frequency deviation ratio. Examples calculate deviation, index, bandwidth and power for various FM signals.
Frequency-Shift Keying
Frequency-Shift Keying, also known as FSK is a type of digital frequency modulation. It is also often called as binary frequency shift keying or BFSK
Similar to analog FM, it is a constant-amplitude angle modulation.
This presentation will discuss the concepts behind FSK
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Radiated Emissions Example; LVDS - Low Voltage Differential Signaling
Radiated Emissions Example; LVDS - Low Voltage Differential Signaling
Frequency modulation and demodulation along with types
Frequency modulation and demodulation along with types
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- 2. CSN08704 Data, Audio, Video and Images http://asecuritysite.com/comms Telecommunications Prof Bill Buchanan 3. Modulation and Multiplexing: Modulation
- 4. AM • 10Hz carrier. • 1Hz signal. • m=0.5. • Link.
- 5. FM • 10Hz carrier. • 1Hz signal. • Link.
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- 7. ASK, PSK and FSK 1 1 0 1 0 ASK PSK FSK
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