This document discusses the risks associated with the DART project, a NASA project to demonstrate autonomous rendezvous technology. It outlines technical and project management issues that contributed to past mishaps. It then proposes alternative solutions to address each issue, identifies key success factors, selects the best alternatives, and makes recommendations. The recommendations are to hire more experienced engineers, thoroughly analyze lessons learned from past projects, and implement a formal 5-step risk assessment and management process.

1. DART Risk
Management Case
Study
- Ie. Ignatius Eric Cahya Saputra -
- Jessica Gunawan -

2. Agenda
 Introduction
 Six Steps of Harvard Business Strategy
Problem Issues
Environmental Scanning
Alternative Courses of Actions
Key Success Factors
Selection of the Best Alternatives
Recommendations

3. Introduction
- Jessica Gunawan -

4. Introduction
 DART (Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous
Technology) :
 Was proposed by Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC)
 Selected by NASA in 2001
 High risk technology
 Advance capabilities in
 Automated rendezvous and proximity operations
 Advanced video guidance sensor technology
 Designated as critical stepping stone in developing the
capability to resupply International Space Station (ISS)

5. Problem Issues
- Jessica Gunawan -

6. Problem Issues
 The mishaps of DART :
High Risk, Low Budget Nature of Procurement
No additional ground
No incorporation of a second GPS Receiver
No further heritage software design
Cheap design verification

7. Problem Issues
 The mishaps of DART :
Project Management Issues :
Change in risk posture
Staffing
Aggressive schedule in manage risk
Delays accepted in manage risk

8. Environmental
Scanning
- Jessica Gunawan -

9. Environmental Scanning
 Technical Issues :
Training and Experience
Lesson Learned Analysis
Guidance, Navigation and Control Development
Processes
Systems Engineering
Technical Surveillance / Insight

10. Environmental Scanning
 Project Management Issues :
Expert Utilization
Contractor Review Processes
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
Schedules Establishment
Risk Management Training

11. Alternative Course
of Actions
- Ie. Ignatius Eric Cahya Saputra -

12. Alternative Course of Actions
Issues Solutions Actions
Technical Issues
Training and Experience • Technical responsibility
• Obtain independent assessment
• Team evaluation
Lesson Learned Analysis • Peer review procedures
Guidance, Navigation,
and Control Develop
Processes
• Revising NASA policy that simulations and
math models should be verified and
validated
System Engineering • Continuous development of NASA
procedural requirement documents for
systems engineers
• Manager requires extensive experience and
training in systems engineering
Technical Surveillance • Thorough risk assessment for high –
priority flight missions

13. Alternative Course of Actions
Issues Solutions Actions
Project
Management Issues
Expert Utilization • The used of engineering peer review
process
Contractor Review
Processes
• Clearly communicate its expectations
criterion
Failure Mode and Effect
Analysis
• Degraded functionality be considered
in future analyses and be subjected to
engineering peer review
Schedules Establishment • Establish set of checks and balances
to ensure technical disciplines is
maintained
Risk Management
Training
• Regularly review each project’s level
classification to ensure consistency
with potential shifting risk tolerance

14. Key Success
Factors
- Ie. Ignatius Eric Cahya Saputra -

15. Key Success Factors
Issues Solutions Advantageous
Technical Issues
Training and Experience • More “Hands on” project and education
will led the team in better decision making
process and understand the perceived risk
better
Lesson Learned Analysis • Learn from mistakes
Guidance, Navigation,
and Control Develop
Processes
• The GN & C software development, re-
testing, and enhanced version will
determine the success ration of this project.
System Engineering • There was inadequate system understanding
when the project was launched
• Standard certification of skill and expertise
is highly recommended
Technical Surveillance • Enough assessment of project technical risk
and clearly defined the area of
responsibility

16. Key Success Factors
Issues Solutions Advantageous
Project Management
Issues
Expert Utilization • Ensure that adequate resources are
available and utilized.
• Technical expertise is being supplied
Contractor Review
Processes
• Clearly define since the beginning in
terms of entry goals, exits criteria,
standard design, priorities of the project
Failure Mode and Effect
Analysis
• Clearly defined fault tolerance
• A system is needed to detect fault
potential, fault isolation, and fault
recovery
Schedules Establishment • Check and balance is implemented in a
timely manner
Risk Management Training • Rigorous risk assessment , management,
and classification will determine the
project success

17. Selection of Best
Alternatives
- Ie. Ignatius Eric Cahya Saputra -

18. Selection of Best Alternatives
 Technical :
More experienced and project being handled
Valuable learning and mistakes along the way which
needed to be studied and analyzed.
Training & experience, and lesson learned analysis

19. Selection of Best Alternatives
 Project management
Know what is expected, criteria, and
Manage and clearly defined the staging on the project
accomplishment
Contractor review processes and clearly defined schedule
establishment

20. Recommendations
- Ie. Ignatius Eric Cahya Saputra -

21. Recommendations
 Technical Issues :
Hire Experience Engineer and experts for the valuable
thoughts
To study and implement the lesson learned analysis

22. Recommendations
 Project Management Issues :
Do 5 steps of KPMG to asses and address project’s risks
1. Strategy & planning – how risk is addressed and managed
2. Risk identification – identify positive and negative impact of risk that might
applied
3. Analysis (Quantitative & Qualitative)
a. Qualitative – using priority level on qualifying the risk
b. Quantitative – assessing the probability and potential impact of the risk in
terms of cost and value
4. Response planning – develop response actions and alternative options to
reduce risk
5. Monitoring and Control - set up to track potential risks, oversee the
implementation of risk plans, and evaluate the effectiveness of risk
management procedures